Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Macrognathus: [ 40 ] records

aculeatum, Ophidium Bloch [M. E.] 1786:72 [or 261], Pl. 159 (fig. 2) [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 2; ref. 465] Neotype locality: Kali Brantas basin, channelled stream through drained area at Campurdarat south to Tulungagung, 8°10'S, 111°20'E, Java Timur, Java, Indonesia. Neotype: ZRC 49866. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:98 [ref. 24282]. On p. 60 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 5 [ref. 21381]. Neotype designated by Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:168 [ref. 28284]. Most references result from aculeatus that was previously recognized as one widespread species. •Valid as Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786) -- (Alfred 1966:57 [ref. 42625], Shrestha 1978:41 [ref. 15970], Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:98 [ref. 5802], Roberts 1989:180 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:261 [ref. 24860], Kottelat et al. 1993:167 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1994:189 [ref. 21379], Indra 1994:426 [ref. 24015], Banik & Choudhury 1996:580 [ref. 24736], Ng & Tan 1999:364 [ref. 24159], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Kottelat 2001:63 [ref. 25482], Choi et al. 2003:237, 557 [ref. 26218], Ataur Rahman 2003:285 [ref. 31338], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:168 [ref. 28284], Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:43 [ref. 30097], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Ahmed et al. 2013:287 [ref. 32872], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Dhanze et al. 2018:370 [ref. 37780], Ng & Tan 2020:175 [ref. 37671], Hasan et al. 2022:6035 [ref. 39888], Faqih et al. 2026:5 [ref. 43059], George et al. 2026:4 [ref. 43185]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Java (Indonesia) endemic. IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

albus, Macrognathus Plamoottil [M.] & Abraham [N. P.] 2014:100, Figs. 1-4 [International Journal of Pure and Applied Zoology v. 2 (Issue 2); ref. 33317] Chenappady, Manimala River, Kerala, India. Holotype: ZSI/WGSR/IR/2386. Paratypes: ZSI/WGRC/IR/2387 (2). •Valid as Macrognathus albus Plamoottil & Abraham 2014 -- (Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Arunkumar 2020:45 [ref. 37761]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus albus Plamoottil & Abraham 2014. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Manimala River drainage, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

aral, Rhynchobdella Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:479, Pl. 89 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Lectotype: ZMB 1420. Paralectotypes: ZMB 1419 (2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:98 [ref. 24282]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:98 [ref. 24282]. •Valid as Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:98 [ref. 5802], Pethiyagoda 1991:289 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1026 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:596 [ref. 23778], Zacharias et al. 1996:41 [ref. 25526], Rema Devi & Raghunathan 1999:159 [ref. 24759], Rema Devi et al. 1999:164 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:301 [ref. 24904], Karmakar 2000:35 [ref. 25662], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:118 [ref. 25674], Mirza 2003:25 [ref. 27265], Shrestha 2008:210 [ref. 29923], Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:43 [ref. 30097], Britz 2010:306 [ref. 30685], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:104 [ref. 33317], Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Dhanze et al. 2018:372 [ref. 37780], Suresh et al. 2018:170 [ref. 36495], Arunkumar 2020:46 [ref. 37761], Kosygin et al. 2022:670 [ref. 40736], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484], Limbu et al. 2026:226 [ref. 42945]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South Asia and Southeast Asia: Pakistan, Bhutan, Nepal and northeastern India to Malaysia and East Indies. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Macrognathus Britz [R.] 2010:56, Figs.1-2 [Zootaxa No. 2514; ref. 30857] Small hill stream near Sa Mow, 14 miles on road from Moguang to Taung Ni, Ayeyarwaddy River drainage, Kachin State, Myanmar. Holotype: BMNH 2010.5.24.26. Paratypes: BMNH 2010.5.24.27 (1), NRM 40688 (1). •Valid as Macrognathus aureus Britz 2010 -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336], Chen et al. 2024:132 [ref. 41792]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus aureus Britz 2010. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Indawgyi Lake basin and Ayeyarwaddy River drainage, Kachin State, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

billitonensis, Mastacembelus de Beaufort [L. F.] 1939:194 [Treubia, Buitenzorg v. 17 (pt 3); ref. 17180] Belitung Island, Indonesia. Syntypes: ZMA 111583 (3). Additional material: (3) Sumatra [not "typical locality"]. Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:105 [ref. 19236]. •Synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

caudiocellatus, Mastacembelus Boulenger [G. A.] 1893:199 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 12 (no. 69); ref. 14522] Fort Stedman, southern Shan States, Myanmar, elevation 3000 feet. Syntypes: (5) BMNH 1893.6.30.130-132 (3). •Valid as Macrognathus caudiocellatus (Boulenger 1893) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:98 [ref. 5802], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1026 [ref. 20764], Karmakar 2000:35 [ref. 25662], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:1-4 [ref. 33317] as cardiocellatus). •Valid as Mastacembelus caudiocellatus Boulenger 1893 -- (Kano et al. 2016:9 [ref. 34887]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus caudiocellatus (Boulenger 1893). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South Asia: middle Salween River basin, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

chrysogaster, Mastacembelus maculatus var. Bleeker [P.] 1852:93 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16831] Bogor, Tjipannas Island, Java; Pajacombo, Solok, Sumatra, Indonesia. Syntypes: Not researched. •Synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

circumcinctus, Mastacembelus Hora [S. L.] 1924:475, Fig. 3 [Memoirs of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 6 (pt 9); ref. 15450] Mouth of the Patelung River, inner portion of Talé Sap, Thailand. Holotype (unique): ZSI F10342/1. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:161 [ref. 20743]. See Das 2003:370 [ref. 27706]. •Valid as Macrognathus circumcinctus (Hora 1924) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:99 [ref. 5802], Kottelat 2001:147 [ref. 25780], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Parenti & Lim 2005:193 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:533 [ref. 36606], Ng & Tan 2020:175 [ref. 37671], Taki et al. 2021:349 [ref. 39830], Chungthanawong et al. 2025:70 [ref. 41920]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus circumcinctus (Hora 1924). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo, Thailand to Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

dhanashorii, Rhynchobdella Hora [S. L.] 1921:205, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Records of the Indian Museum (Calcutta) v. 22 (pt 3, no. 19); ref. 2202] Dhanashori stream, about 1 mile from Dimapur, Assam, India. Holotype (unique): ZSI F9989/1. Type catalog: Menon & Yazdani 1968:161-162 [ref. 20743]. See Das 2003:370 [ref. 27706]. •Questionably a synonym of Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1026 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:301 [ref. 24904] as dhanshorii, Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Uncertain as Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dhanzei, Macrognathus Arunkumar [L.] 2020:46, Fig. 3 [International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies v. 8 (no. 5A); ref. 37761] Assam and Tripura, north-eastern India. no types known. No designation of types, not available. Current status: Unknown. Mastacembelidae.

dictyogaster, Mastacembelus maculatus var. Bleeker [P.] 1852:93 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 16831] Blitong, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH. •Synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsiocellatus, Macrognathus Britz [R.] 2010:296, Fig. 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30685] Roadside stream about 64 kilometers on road Taungoo-Nyaunglaybin, 18°19'05"N, 96°30'07"E, Bago Division, Myanmar. Holotype: NRM 60293. Paratypes: many at BMNH 2009.7.3.1-2 (2), 2009.7.3.3-4 (2), NRM, USNM. •Valid as Macrognathus dorsiocellatus Britz 2010 -- (Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus dorsiocellatus Britz 2010. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Macrognathus Plamoottil [M.] & Abraham [N. P.] 2014:49, Figs. 1-6 [Journal of Experimental Zoology of India v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 33147] Karuthavadasserikkara, Manimala River, Kerala, India. Holotype: ZSI/WGRC/IR 2422. Paratypes: ZSI/WGRC/IR 2423 (3). •Valid as Macrognathus fasciatus Plamoottil & Abraham 2014 -- (Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Arunkumar 2020:45 [ref. 37761]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus fasciatus Plamoottil & Abraham 2014. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Manimala River drainage, Kerala, India. Habitat: freshwater.

guentheri, Mastacembelus Day [F.] 1865:37 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1865 (pt 1) (art. 1); ref. 17367] Cochin, India. Syntypes and/or Day specimens: AMS B.8048 (1, non-type); BMNH 1865.7.17.26-27 (2) Malabar, 1975.9.30.24 (1, dry); ZSI 2150 (1, figured specimen), 2993 (1, lost). Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:162 [ref. 23762], Ferraris et al. 2000:297 [ref. 25110]. Also appeared in Day 1865:154, Pl. 11 [ref. 1074]. Reasons for loss of ZSI type specimens during WWII see Chopra 1947:349-350 [ref. 33077]. •Questionably a synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus malabaricus (Jerdon 1849) -- (Menon 1999:302 [ref. 24904]). •Valid as Mastacembelus guentheri Day 1865 -- (Indra 1993:190 [ref. 24009] as Mastocembelus guntheri). •Valid as Macrognathus guentheri (Day 1865) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1027 [ref. 20764], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Raju Thomas et al. 2002:51 [ref. 26359], Yadav 2003:23 [ref. 27711], Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:44 [ref. 30097], Plamoottil & Abraham 2013:9 [ref. 33148], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Arunkumar 2020:45 [ref. 37761]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus guentheri (Day 1865). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: India. Habitat: freshwater.

jammuensis, Macrognathus Malhotra [Y. R.] & Dutta [P. S.] 1975:153 [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. v. 45 (B) (3); ref. 33270] Gadigarh, Jammu, India. Dept. Biosci. Univ. Jimmu. •Synonym of Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1026 [ref. 20764], Menon 1999:301 [ref. 24904], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

keithi, Mastacembelus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1940:24, Pl. 19 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 16; ref. 2130] Brook flowing into Segaliud River, Borneo, Malaysia. Holotype: CAS-SU 33016. Paratypes: (8) BMNH 1938.12.1.267 [from Herre] (1), FMNH 51536 (1), CAS-SU 33017 (orig. 8). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:143 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:55 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Macrognathus keithi (Herre 1940) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Kottelat et al. 1993:167 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:249 [ref. 23210], Martin-Smith & Tan 1998:593 [ref. 23647], Parenti & Lim 2005:193 [ref. 28285], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:36 [ref. 35802], Ng & Tan 2020:175 [ref. 37671]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus keithi (Herre 1940). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Borneo (Sabah and North Borneo). Habitat: freshwater.

kris, Macrognathus Ng [H. H.] & Tan [H. H.] 2020:171, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4819 (no. 1); ref. 37671] Rungan River, Kahayan River drainage, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo, 02°02.016'S, 113°47.091'E, Indonesia. Holotype: MZB 10978. Paratypes: CMK, MZB, NSMT, ZRC. •Valid as Macrognathus kris Ng & Tan 2020. Current status: Valid as Macrognathus kris Ng & Tan 2020. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Kahayan River basin, Kalimantan Tengah, Borneo (Indonesia). Habitat: freshwater.

lineatomaculatus, Macrognathus Britz [R.] 2010:304, Fig. 7 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30685] Jorau River, a tributary of the Sankosh at Laskapara, Barobisha town outskirts, 26°28'52"N, 89°49'30"E, Jalpaiguri district, West Bengal, India. Holotype: BMNH 2009.7.3.7. Paratypes: BMNH 2009.7.3.8-12 (5); CAS 42592 (28), 50302 (1), 50331 (3) •Valid as Macrognathus lineatomaculatus Britz 2010 -- (Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Arunkumar 2020:45 [ref. 37761], Limbu et al. 2026:227 [ref. 42945]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus lineatomaculatus Britz 2010. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South Asia: India and Nepal. IUCN (2010): Data Deficient. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Mastacembelus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:461 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Molucca Islands [in error, East Indies]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5378 (2). Also appeared in Griffith & Smith 1834:Pl. 47 (fig. 2) (opp. p. 190) [ref. 1908]. •Valid as Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Alfred 1966:58 [ref. 42625], Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439], Lim et al. 1990:51 [ref. 16753] with author Valenciennes). •Valid as Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Kottelat et al. 1993:167 [ref. 23448], Kottelat & Lim 1996:249 [ref. 23210], Rainboth 1996:178 [ref. 22772], Ng & Tan 1999:364 [ref. 24159], Tan & Lim 2004:111 [ref. 27716], Grinang & Lim 2004:291 [ref. 28551], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:169 [ref. 28284], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989], Sulaiman et al. 2018:36 [ref. 35802], Ng et al. 2019:533 [ref. 36606], Ng & Tan 2020:176 [ref. 37671], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[7] [ref. 39245], Ahmad et al. 2023:120 [ref. 41243]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Cambodia and Vietnam to Malaysia, Sumatra and Borneo (Sabah and Sarawak). IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

meklongensis, Macrognathus Roberts [T. R.] 1986:99, Fig. 1a [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 5802] Kwae Noi River, Kao Lam Dam area, Mekong River basin, Thailand. Holotype: NMR 24780. Paratypes: NIFI (uncat.), NRM 24781 (2 or 4). •Valid as Macrognathus meklongensis Roberts 1986 -- (Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Britz 2010:307 [ref. 30685], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus meklongensis Roberts 1986. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Mekong River basin, Thailand. Habitat: freshwater.

morehensis, Macrognathus Arunkumar [L.] & Tombi Singh [H.] 2000:119, Fig. 3 [Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society v. 97 (pt 1); ref. 25674] Maklang River near Moreh Bazar, Chandel district, Manipur, India. Holotype: MUMF 203/1A [or 620/1A]. Paratypes: MUMF 203/8A (3). •Valid as Macrognathus morehensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000 -- (Britz 2010:303 [ref. 30685], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Gurung et al. 2013:4884 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:104 [ref. 33317], Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Dhanze et al. 2018:372 [ref. 37780], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336], Arunkumar 2020:47 [ref. 37761], Shangningam & Kosygin 2022:61 [ref. 39587], Chen et al. 2024:133 [ref. 41792]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus morehensis Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Chindwin and Irrawaddy River basins (India, Bhutan and Myanmar). Habitat: freshwater.

obscurus, Macrognathus Britz [R.] 2010:300, Fig. 4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30685] Hpa Lap Chaung just south of Yuzana Myaing village, 8 kilometers left from Myitkina Myitzon road kilometer 11, 25°31'57"N, 97°22'15" [or 45"]E, Kachi State, Myanmar. Holotype: NRM 36330. Paratypes: USNM 372502 (2). •Valid as Macrognathus obscurus Britz 2010 -- (Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus obscurus Britz 2010. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Northern Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellata, Rhynchobdella Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:445, [Pl. 239?] [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-4810 (1, dry), A-4811 (1, dry). Apparently an unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Ophidium aculeatum Bloch 1786 [now Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786)]. The plate (Pl. 239) that is referenced to the name Rhynchobdella ocellata (in two places) bears the name Rhynchobdella aral, which also might be available from this work and independent of Rhynchobdella aral Bloch & Schneider 1801; needs research. See also Macrognathus ocellats Hamilton 1822. •Objective synonym of Macrognathus aral (Bloch & Schneider 1801) -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellatus, Macrognathus Hamilton [F.] 1822:29 [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Gangetic Provinces, in ponds. No types known. Mentioned by Roberts, Copeia 1980 (no. 3):389, but otherwise an overlooked name. Text somewhat unclear but regarded as available. A secondary senior homonym of Rhynchobdella ocellata Cuvier 1832. Unnecessary replacement name for Ophidium aculeatus Bloch 1786. •Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1789) -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

orientalis, Rhynchobdella Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:478 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Kali Brantas basin, channelled stream through drained area at Campurdarat south to Tulungagung, 8°10'S, 111°20'E, Java Timur, Java, Indonesia. Neotype: ZRC 49866. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:98 [ref. 24282]. Unneeded replacement name for Ophidium aculeatum Bloch 1786 according to Paepke 1999; Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:43 [ref. 30097] suggest it is not a replacement name. It is a new name to include the type specimen of aculeatus (W.N.E.) but not technically a replacement name. After type selection of the same specimen for aculeata and orientalis, then orientalis is a junior objective synonym of aculeatus. •Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786) -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:43 [ref. 30097], Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

orthosemos, Macrognathus Britz [R.] & Kottelat [M.] 2020:2, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 30 (no. 1): IEF-1138; ref. 37336] Chaung Gyi stream, tributary of Khamaungthawe stream, near upper Seikphyone village, Tenasserim drainage, Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar, 14°20'06"N, 98°26'07"E, elevation 220 meters. Holotype: MHNG 2784.082. Paratypes: BMNH 2019.10.16.1 (1), CMK. •Valid as Macrognathus orthosemos Britz & Kottelat 2020. Current status: Valid as Macrognathus orthosemos Britz & Kottelat 2020. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Tanintharyi Region, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

pancalus, Macrognathus Hamilton [F.] 1822:30, 364, Pl. 22 (fig. 7) [An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] Ganges River drainage, India. No types known. Hamilton's original illustration reproduced by Britz 2019:Pl. 20 [ref. 37532]. •Valid as Mastacembelus pancalus (Hamilton 1822) -- (Shrestha 1978:41 [ref. 15970], Ataur Rahman 2003:286 [ref. 31338]). •Valid as Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822 -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Ataur Rahman 1989:263 [ref. 24860], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1027 [ref. 20764], Sen 1995:597 [ref. 23778], Banik & Choudhury 1996:580 [ref. 24736], Rema Devi et al. 1999:165 [ref. 24758], Menon 1999:302 [ref. 24904], Rafique 2000:327 [ref. 25220], Karmakar 2000:35 [ref. 25662] as puncalus, Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:118 [ref. 25674], Mirza 2003:25 [ref. 27265], Shrestha 2008:211 [ref. 29923], Ahmed et al. 2013:287 [ref. 32872], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147] as puncalus, Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:104 [ref. 33317], Arunkumar 2016:2006 [ref. 35770], Arunkumar & Manimekalan 2018:1739 [ref. 36172], Dhanze et al. 2018:371 [ref. 37780], Suresh et al. 2018:171 [ref. 36495], Arunkumar 2020:48 [ref. 37761], Kosygin et al. 2022:671 [ref. 40736], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484], Gupta et al. 2024:101 [ref. 41453], Limbu et al. 2026:228 [ref. 42945]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South Asia: Pakistan, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

paucispinis, Mastacembelus Fowler [H. W.] 1939:75, Fig. 23 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91; ref. 17188] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 68517. Paratypes: ANSP 68518 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:127 [ref. 13621]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Mastacembelus paucispinis Boulenger 1899. Replaced by Macrognathus tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005. •In the synonymy of Mastacembelus tapirus (Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005) -- (Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:168 [ref. 28284]). •In the synonymy of Macrognathus tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005 -- (Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005. Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

pavo, Macrognathus Britz [R.] 2010:301, Fig. 5 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30685] Kyeintali Chaung, Han Thet Aung, Rakhine State, Myanmar. Holotype: BMNH 2009.7.3.5. Paratypes: BMNH 2009.7.3.6 (1), 2009.11.3.1-7 (7), 2009.12.14.1-6 (6), 2009.12.14.7-8 (2). •Valid as Macrognathus pavo Britz 2010 -- (Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Britz & Kottelat 2020:[5] [ref. 37336]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus pavo Britz 2010. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Kyeintali Chaung, Rakhine Yoma mountain range, Myanmar. Habitat: freshwater.

pentophthalmos, Mastacembelus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:172 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Kalu River at Modara Ela, Kalutara, 6°35'N, 79°58'E, Sri Lanka, elevation 2 meters. Neotype: NMSL FF 137. Neotype designated by Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:39, 45 [ref. 30097]. Original locality "Ceilona" [= Ceylon, = Sri Lanka] •Valid as Macrognathus pentophthalmos (Gronow 1854) -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 2008:38, 44 [ref. 30097], Britz 2010:307 [ref. 30685], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Sudasinghe et al. 2024:94 [ref. 41357]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus pentophthalmos (Gronow 1854). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South Asia: Sri Lanka. Habitat: freshwater.

perakensis, Mastacembelus Myers [G. S.] in Herre & Myers 1937:74, Pl. 7 [Bulletin of the Raffles Museum No. 13; ref. 2123] Bukit Merah Reservoir, Krian District, Perak, Malaysia. Holotype: CAS-SU 30972. Paratypes: USNM 101189 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:143 [ref. 12291]. From the text, authorship of the freshwater part was by Herre and Myers, but this is in conflict with a statement on p. 53 that the descriptive matter is the work of the senior author excepting in Danio, Encheloclarias, and Mastacembelus. The latter statement is accepted for purposes of authorship of this taxon. •Valid as Mastacembelus perakensis Myers 1937 -- (Alfred 1966:58 [ref. 42625]). •Valid as Macrognathus perakensis (Myers 1937) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989]). •Synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Ng et al. 2019:533 [ref. 36606], Ng & Tan 2020:174 [ref. 37671]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Mastacembelus Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1832:463 [Histoire naturelle des poissons; ref. 1000] Calcutta, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5384. •Synonym of Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822 -- (Menon 1999:302 [ref. 24904]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822. Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

rostratum, Ophidium Shaw [G.] 1803:73, Pl. 7 (lower) [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Holotype (unique): BMNH 2006.4.5.4. •Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786) -- (Kottelat 2013:311 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus aculeatus (Bloch 1786). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

semiocellatus, Macrognathus Roberts [T. R.] 1986:99, Figs. 1 (b-d) [Japanese Journal of Ichthyology v. 33 (no. 2); ref. 5802] Ubon Ratchatani market ("presumably caught in Mun River, near Ubon Ratchatani, Mekong basin"), Thailand. Holotype: NRM 24782. Paratypes: BMNH 1985.8.21.3-12 (11), CAS 57350-51 (11, 10), IRSNB 729 (10), KUMF (4 lots), MNHN 1985-0800 (10), NRM 24783-85 (6, 69, 1), NIFI (8 lots), TNRC (Thailand Nat. Res. Council, Bangkok) (8 lots), UMMZ 213430-40 (1, 1, 2, 20, 4, 2, 4, 1, 14, 9, 31). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:46 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Macrognathus taeniagaster (Fowler 1935) -- (Rainboth 1996:179 [ref. 22772]). •Valid as Macrognathus semiocellatus Roberts 1986 -- (Kottelat 1998:117 [ref. 23436], Freyhof et al. 2000:97 [ref. 25184], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Kottelat 2001:147 [ref. 25780], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:49 [ref. 33971], Taki et al. 2021:349 [ref. 39830]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus semiocellatus Roberts 1986. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Mae Klong, Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. Habitat: freshwater.

siamensis, Rhynchobdella aculeata var. Günther [A.] 1861:540 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Pachebore [Petchaburi], Thailand. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1861.10.8.14. •Valid as Macrognathus siamensis (Günther 1861) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:103 [ref. 5802], Rainboth 1996:179 [ref. 22772], Kottelat 1998:117 [ref. 23436], Freyhof et al. 2000:97 [ref. 25184], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Kottelat 2001:149 [ref. 25780], Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005:168 [ref. 28284], Britz 2010:307 [ref. 30685], Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Page & Burr 2011:466 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:115 [ref. 32708], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Kottelat 2015:49 [ref. 33971], Robins et al. 2018:246 [ref. 35886], Taki et al. 2021:348 [ref. 39830], Page et al. 2023:126 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus siamensis (Günther 1861). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam; established in Florida, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater.

siangensis, Macrognathus Arunkumar [L.] 2016:2004, Fig. 1 [Journal of Research in Biology v. 6 (no. 3); ref. 35770] Siang river at Pasighat, East Siang district, Brahmaputra river basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India, 28°05'17"N, 95°19'54"E, elevation about 150 meters. Holotype: MUM NH 43. Paratypes: MUM. •Valid as Macrognathus siangensis Arunkumar 2016 -- (Arunkumar 2020:48 [ref. 37761]). •Synonym of Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822 -- (Vishwanath 2021:328 [ref. 41793]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus pancalus Hamilton 1822. Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

taeniagaster, Mastacembelus Fowler [H. W.] 1935:136, Figs. 97-101 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 87; ref. 13881] Chantaboon [Chantaburi], southeastern Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 59852. Paratypes: ANSP 59853-58 (6), BMNH 1955.8.24.1 [ex ANSP 59859] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:127 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Macrognathus taeniagaster (Fowler 1935) -- (Rainboth 1996:179 [ref. 22772]). •Synonym of Macrognathus circumcinctus (Hora 1924) -- (Kottelat 2001:147 [ref. 25780] with question). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus circumcinctus (Hora 1924). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

tapirus, Macrognathus Kottelat [M.] & Widjanarti [E.] 2005:167, Fig. 14 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Suppl. no. 13; ref. 28284] Waterfall at Trang, Thailand. Holotype: ANSP 68517. Paratypes: ANSP 68518 (1). Replacement name for Mastacembelus paucispinis Fowler 1939, preoccupied by Mastacembelus paucispinis Boulenger 1899. •Valid as Macrognathus tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005 -- (Britz 2010:55 [ref. 30857], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Ng et al. 2019:533 [ref. 36606], Ng & Tan 2020:176 [ref. 37671], Ahmad et al. 2023:120 [ref. 41243]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus tapirus Kottelat & Widjanarti 2005. Mastacembelidae. Distribution: Southeast Asia: Thailand, Malaya (Malaysia), Sumatra (Indonesia), Borneo. IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

vaillanti, Mastacembelus Fowler [H. W.] 1905:491, Fig. 8 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 57; ref. 1370] Baram River, Sarawak state, Borneo, East Malaysia. Holotype (unique): ANSP 114888 [ex WIAP 14206 (not 14150)]. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:127 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Mastacembelus maculatus Cuvier 1832 -- (Roberts 1989:181 [ref. 6439]). •Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832) -- (Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Macrognathus maculatus (Cuvier 1832). Mastacembelidae. Habitat: freshwater.

zebrinus, Mastacembelus Blyth [E.] 1858:281 [Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal v. 27 (no. 3); ref. 476] Maulmein, Myanmar. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Doubtful as types: AMS B.8019 (1). •Valid as Macrognathus zebrinus (Blyth 1858) -- (Travers 1984:144 [ref. 5147], Roberts 1986:103 [ref. 5802], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:1028 [ref. 20764], Arunkumar & Tombi Singh 2000:121 [ref. 25674], Shrestha 2008:210 [ref. 29923], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:51 [ref. 33147], Kottelat 2013:312 [ref. 32989], Baker & Leong 2014:28 [ref. 41142], Plamoottil & Abraham 2014:104 [ref. 33317], Limbu et al. 2026:229 [ref. 42945]). Current status: Valid as Macrognathus zebrinus (Blyth 1858). Mastacembelidae. Distribution: South and Southeast Asia: Nepal, Myanmar and Indonesia. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Introduced in Singapore. Habitat: freshwater.