foetens, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] 1766:513 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] South Carolina, U.S.A., 32°47'34.80"N, 79°39'46.80"N, depth 10 meters. Neotype: USNM 405413. Original spelling fötens. Based on multiple sources, including the 'Whiting' in a manuscript description by A. Garden [South Carolina], and the 'Saurus ex cinereo nigricans' of Catesby 1743:2, Pl. 2, fig. 2 (v. 2) [ref. 774] [(South) Carolina]. Neotype designated by Frable et al. 2013:134 [ref. 32553]. •Valid as Synodus foetens (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Uyeno & Aizawa in Uyeno et al. 1983:164 [ref. 14275], Smith 1986:399 [ref. 22186], Robins & Ray 1986:80 [ref. 23100], Cervigón 1991:149 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:70 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:446 [ref. 23827], Andreata & Séret 1996:583 [ref. 16204], Murdy et al. 1997:79 [ref. 23144], McEachran & Fechhelm 1998:610 [ref. 23897], Aguilera 1998:47 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:149 [ref. 25013], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:151 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Figueiredo & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:49 [ref. 27192], Russell 2003:928 [ref. 27004], Smith et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:88 [ref. 27807], García-Hernández et al. 2009:91 [ref. 37265], Carvalho-Filho et al. 2010:33 [ref. 30983], Frable et al. 2013:134 [ref. 32553], Page et al. 2013:88 [ref. 32708], Pinheiro et al. 2015:8 [ref. 34324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36103], Carneiro et al. 2019:108 [ref. 37250], Ribeiro et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36717], Balushkin & Prirodina 2020:23 [ref. 37828], Robertson et al. 2020:163 [ref. 38098], Caires in Marceniuk et al. 2021:179 [ref. 38945], Robertson et al. 2022:87 [ref. 39353], Carvalho-Filho 2023:76 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40463], Page et al. 2023:92 [ref. 40505]). Current status: Valid as Synodus foetens (Linnaeus 1766). Synodontidae: Synodontinae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Puerto Rico and Saint Martin (West Indies), including Gulf of Mexico and northern Caribbean Sea; records from northern Brazil need verification. IUCN (2015): Least concern. Habitat: brackish, marine.
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