nigritus, Serranus Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:177, Pl. 25 (fig. 2) [Ichthyology of South Carolina; ref. 2184] Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 13468. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:155 [ref. 13621]. Also appeared in second edition, 1860:173, Pl. 25 (fig. 2). •Valid as Epinephelus nigritus (Holbrook 1855) -- (Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:299 [ref. 14275], Robins & Ray 1986:134 [ref. 23100], Bullock & Smith 1991:116 [ref. 36591], Cervigón 1991:333 [ref. 24472], Boschung 1992:106 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:429 [ref. 23827], Heemstra & Randall 1993:201 [ref. 21042], Bussing & López S. 1994:92 [ref. 23101], Grace et al. 1994:28 [ref. 25512], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:285 [ref. 24545], Aguilera 1998:48 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:264 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:210 [ref. 25013], Musick et al. 2000:16 [ref. 24959], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:157 [ref. 27754], Heemstra et al. 2003:1346 [ref. 27060], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:76 [ref. 27192], Nelson et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:149 [ref. 28815]). •Valid as Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook 1855) -- (Craig & Hastings 2007:17 [ref. 29046], Craig et al. 2011:276 [ref. 32786], Page et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32708], Pinheiro et al. 2015:14 [ref. 34324], Ma & Craig 2018:455 [ref. 36100], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Parenti & Randall 2020:85 [ref. 37354], Carvalho-Filho et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:521 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:118 [ref. 40480], Martínez-Servín et al. 2023:117 [ref. 40726]). Current status: Valid as Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook 1855). Epinephelidae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea. Habitat: marine.