CAS Ichthyology Primary Types Imagebase

CAS 76377 (IU 05501) Aphyocarax heteresthes Ulrey [A. B.], 1894 Syntype  [Collection database record]
heteresthes, Aphyocarax Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:612 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil. Syntypes: (6, all juveniles) CAS 76377 (4), CAS-SU 2161 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:21 [ref. 12291]. Original genus should have been Aphyocharax. Species was also described as new in Ulrey 1895:293 [ref. 12371]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon heteresthes (Ulrey 1894) -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:137 [ref. 27061], Dagosta et al. 2014:366 [ref. 33382]). •Species inquirenda -- (Lima et al. 2024:205 [ref. 40817]). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Still known only from the type locality, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 2161 Aphyocarax heteresthes Ulrey [A. B.], 1894 Syntype  [Collection database record]
heteresthes, Aphyocarax Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:612 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil. Syntypes: (6, all juveniles) CAS 76377 (4), CAS-SU 2161 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:21 [ref. 12291]. Original genus should have been Aphyocharax. Species was also described as new in Ulrey 1895:293 [ref. 12371]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon heteresthes (Ulrey 1894) -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:137 [ref. 27061], Dagosta et al. 2014:366 [ref. 33382]). •Species inquirenda -- (Lima et al. 2024:205 [ref. 40817]). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Still known only from the type locality, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 47059 Aphyocarax maxillaris Ulrey [A. B.], 1894 Syntype  [Collection database record]
maxillaris, Aphyocarax Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:611 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil [probably eastern Pará State]. Syntypes: (10) CAS-SU 2170 (1), 47059 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:21 [ref. 12291]. Original genus should have been Aphyocharax. Species was also described as new in Ulrey 1895:293 [ref. 12371]. •Valid as Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey 1894) -- (Géry et al. 1991:60 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:334 [ref. 22818], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:237 [ref. 22743], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:509 [ref. 31006], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Guimarães et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35965], Conde-Saldaña et al. 2019:446 [ref. 36937], Lima et al. 2021:344 [ref. 38293], Koerber et al. 2022:35 [ref. 39235], Lima 2024:257 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey 1894). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Orinoco and coastal river drainages of the Guianas and Brazil, Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Venezuela (Guiana Mangrove Province). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59697 (IU 10028) Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
anisitsi, Aphyocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:517 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 59697 [ex IU 10028]. Paratypes: CAS 59718 [ex IU 10027] (1). Paratypes or additional material: AMNH 1007 (2), CAS 59716 [ex IU 10029] (3), 59717 [ex IU 10026] (orig. 6, now 4), 59719 [ex IU 10024] (orig. 9, now 5), 59720 [ex IU 10031] (1); FMNH 52670 (2); IU 10025 (orig. 1); NMW 62800 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:9 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:45 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:180 [ref. 25838], Lima in Reis et al. 2003:197 [ref. 27061], Willink et al. 2003:3 [ref. 26755], López et al. 2003:20 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:89 [ref. 28130], Menni2004:76 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:526 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:xx [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:43, 183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:17 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:412 [ref. 34561], Terán et al. 2016:2 [ref. 35096], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:25 [ref. 35267], Brito et al. 2018:398 [ref. 36071], Brito et al. 2019:514 [ref. 37042], Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364], Giora & Wingert 2023:124 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Aphyocharax anisitsi Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 59722 (IU 10032) Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
dentatus, Aphyocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:516 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Laguna del Río Paraguay, Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 59722 [ex IU 10032]. Paratypes: AMNH 1469 (2); CAS 59723 [ex IU 10036] (orig. 4, now 3), 59724 [ex IU 10037] (1), 59725 [ex IU 10038] (orig. 4, now 2), 59726 [ex IU 10034-35] (3), 76471 [ex IU 10033] (2 not 1); NMW 62798 (1). •Valid as Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:45 [ref. 24147], Lima in Reis et al. 2003:198 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:20 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:526 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:43, 183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:17 [ref. 35117], Terán et al. 2016:2 [ref. 35096], Koerber et al. 2017:25 [ref. 35267], Brito et al. 2018:398 [ref. 36071], Brito et al. 2019:515 [ref. 37042], Reis et al. 2020:457 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Aphyocharax dentatus Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 76467 Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
rathbuni, Aphyocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:10 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Arroyo Chagalalina, Paraguay basin. Holotype (unique): CAS 76467 [ex IU 10025]. •Valid as Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907 -- (Fernández & Butí 1996:252 [ref. 22775], Britski et al. 1999:45 [ref. 24147], Lima in Reis et al. 2003:198 [ref. 27061], Willink et al. 2003:3 [ref. 26755], López et al. 2003:21 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:76 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:43, 183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:17 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:26 [ref. 35267], Brito et al. 2018:398 [ref. 36071], Brito et al. 2019:515 [ref. 37042], Koerber et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38894], Koerber et al. 2023:4 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin (Bolivia, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 76472 (IU 10030) Aphyocharax stramineus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
stramineus, Aphyocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 76472 [ex IU 10030]. •Synonym of Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907 -- (Lima in Reis et al. 2003:198 [ref. 27061], Mirande & Koerber 2015:17 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:26 [ref. 35267], Souza-Lima 2024:90 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Aphyocharax rathbuni Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 38987 (IU 10005) Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1921 Syntype  [Collection database record] See syntype lot CAS 38998.
paraguayensis, Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1921:256, Pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 3); ref. 12359] Rio Paraguay and upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987-96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43, 10293] (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1), 39000 [ex IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286] (8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); CM 3274 and 3287 missing. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:12 [ref. 12367]. Subjectively invalid secondarily preoccupied by Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler 1918 in Astyanax; replaced by Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry 1972. •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920]). •In the synonymy of Astyanax asuncionensis Géry 1972 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622]). •Valid as Astyanax paraguayensis Eigenmann 1921 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004]). •Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875) -- (Lucena & Soares 2016:104 [ref. 34169], Koerber & Litz 2016:3 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 38988 (IU 10006) Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1921 Syntype  [Collection database record] See syntype lot CAS 38998.
paraguayensis, Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1921:256, Pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 3); ref. 12359] Rio Paraguay and upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987-96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43, 10293] (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1), 39000 [ex IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286] (8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); CM 3274 and 3287 missing. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:12 [ref. 12367]. Subjectively invalid secondarily preoccupied by Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler 1918 in Astyanax; replaced by Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry 1972. •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920]). •In the synonymy of Astyanax asuncionensis Géry 1972 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622]). •Valid as Astyanax paraguayensis Eigenmann 1921 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004]). •Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875) -- (Lucena & Soares 2016:104 [ref. 34169], Koerber & Litz 2016:3 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 38998 (IU 10247) Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1921 Syntype  [Collection database record]
paraguayensis, Astyanax (Poecilurichthys) bimaculatus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1921:256, Pls. 62 (fig. 5), 92 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 3); ref. 12359] Rio Paraguay and upper Rio Tocantins. Syntypes: (179) CAS 38987-96 and 38999 [ex IU 10005-10010, 10239, 10241-43, 10293] (44), 38997 [IU 10244] (1), 38998 [ex IU 10247] (1), 39000 [ex IU 11083] (1); FMNH 54643-49 [ex CM 3280-3286] (8, 9, 5, 2, 10, 1, 2); CM 3274 and 3287 missing. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:12 [ref. 12367]. Subjectively invalid secondarily preoccupied by Bertoniolus paraguayensis Fowler 1918 in Astyanax; replaced by Astyanax bimaculatus asuncionensis Géry 1972. •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:49 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920]). •In the synonymy of Astyanax asuncionensis Géry 1972 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:107 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:14 [ref. 33622]). •Valid as Astyanax paraguayensis Eigenmann 1921 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004]). •Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875) -- (Lucena & Soares 2016:104 [ref. 34169], Koerber & Litz 2016:3 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632]). Current status: Synonym of Astyanax lacustris (Lütken 1875). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 73206 Astyanax bimaculatus novae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1911 Holotype  [Collection database record] Orig. 2 specimens with labels indicating 2 localities. Freitas et al 2015 confirm that both are originally from CM 3278 and therefore from rio Sapão, Prazeres. 2nd specimen removed to CAS 238889.
novae, Astyanax bimaculatus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1911:175, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 8 (no. 1) (art. 3); ref. 1226] Rio Sapon at Prazeres, Bahia, Brazil. Lectotype: CAS 73706 [FMNH 54641] [ex CM 3278, figured type]. Paralectotypes: (25, CM) FMNH 54641-42 (10, 10). Type catalog: Henn 1928:60 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:12 [ref. 12367]. Lectotype selected by Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061]. •Mention -- (Géry et al. 1996:8 [ref. 22155]). •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Garutti 1998:120 [ref. 23797], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920]). •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2015:2 [ref. 33698]). •Valid as Astyanax novae Eigenmann 1911 -- (Bertaco & Garutti 2007:28 [ref. 29172], Garutti & Venere 2009:377 [ref. 30493], Garutti & Langeani 2009:375 [ref. 30985], Freitas et al. 2015:184 [ref. 34055], Koerber et al. 2022:37 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax novae Eigenmann 1911. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 23726 Astyanax integer Myers [G. S.], 1930 Holotype  [Collection database record]
integer, Astyanax Myers [G. S.] 1930:67 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 43; ref. 12360] Guaicaramo, at junction of Río Guavio and Río Upía, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 23726. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:22 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Astyanax integer Myers 1930 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:27 [ref. 37559], Taphorn 1992:113 [ref. 23654], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745] as cf. integer, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax integer Myers 1930. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 71433 (IU 05192) Astyanax megalops Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
megalops, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:29 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Itaituba, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 71433 [ex IU 5192]. •Valid as Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Lucena & Lucena 1999:235 [ref. 24225], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:43 [ref. 28287], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares et al. 2017:256 [ref. 35237], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:51 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:80 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia megalops (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Colombia, Peru and possibly Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 39355 (IU 10246) Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a lo-res photograph. No indication that fig. spec. is type.
pelegrini, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:136, Pl. 40 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Paraguay River basin and Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Syntypes: AMNH 1447 (2); CAS 39350 [ex IU 10011] (1), CAS 39351 [ex IU 10014] (2), CAS 39352 [ex IU 10017] (1), CAS 39353 [ex IU 10053] (1), 39355 [ex 10246] (1). Fowler 1948:57 mentions that the locality "tipica" is Bahia Negra, Paraguay; the original description mentions only one specimen from that locality, but this is not regarded as establishing a lectotype. Subsequent lectotype designation not researched. CAS 39355 is the Bahia Negra specimen. In the original designation the derivation of the name is not given, so the name can remain pelegrini as it appeared in the text, key and plate legend and plate; spelled pellegrini by Eigenmann 1910:432 [ref. 1224] with Eigenmann as author. However Géry 2006:47 [ref. 30063] argues for using pellegrini and that spelling has been adopted by authors [although not mentioned, the species is obviously named after Jacques Pellegrin]. Authorship on p. 136 and on Pl. 40 is Eigenmann, but Eigenmann & Kennedy on p. 157. •Species inquirenda in Ctenobrycon -- (Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:127 [ref. 27061] as pelegrini). •Valid as Astyanax pellegrini Eigenmann 1907 (sometimes seen as pelegrini) -- (Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], López et al. 2003:24 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Mirande et al. 2006:14 [ref. 28757], Géry 2006:47 [ref. 30063], Mirande et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29333], Mirande 2010:517 [ref. 31006], Soneira et al. 2010:784 [ref. 31078], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35267], Terán et al. 2017:7 [ref. 35358]). •Valid as Psalidodon pellegrini (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594] as pelegrini, Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440] as pelegrini, Zanata et al. 2024:262 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon pellegrini (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay River basin, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 42485 (IU 15253) Astyanax scabripinnis intermedius Eigenmann [C. H.], 1908 Paralectotype  [Collection database record]
intermedius, Astyanax scabripinnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:98 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Rio Paraíba and Rio Santa Clara, Brazil. Lectotype: MCZ 20684. Paralectotypes: (many) CAS 42485 [ex MCZ 20939 & IU 15253] (1), CAS 42486 [MCZ 20684 & IU 15254] (4); MCZ 20635 (2), MCZ 20684 (6, now 5), 20919 (38), 20930 (2), 95545 (1). Lectotype selected by de Melo 2001:17 [ref. 27458]. •Synonym of Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587]). •Valid as Astyanax intermedius Eigenmann 1908 -- (de Melo 2001:17 [ref. 27458], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Vari & Castro 2007:159 [ref. 29039], Zanata & Camelier 2009:175 [ref. 30252], Bertaco et al. 2010:267 [ref. 30864], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:282 [ref. 33374], Marinho et al. 2015:576 [ref. 33708], Zanata et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35145], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984]). •Valid as Deuterodon intermedius (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Terán et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Deuterodon intermedius (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Paraíba do Sul River basin and coastal rivers of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 22555 (IU 11631) Astyanax scabripinnis paranae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
paranae, Astyanax scabripinnis var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1914:47 [Indiana University Studies No. 20; ref. 1230] Paraná, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 22555 [ex IU 11631]. Paratypes: CAS 22556 [ex IU 11632] (8). Additional material: CAS 63056 [ex IU] (3), FMNH (307, 10 localities). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:14 [ref. 12367] but most lots they list are not types, see also Oliveira et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36953]. •Synonym of Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns 1842), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Garutti & Britski 2000:85 [ref. 24769], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Triques et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27248], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Garavello & Sampaio 2010:861 [ref. 31053]). •Valid as Astyanax paranae Eigenmann 1914 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Lucena 2006:58 [ref. 28628], Tagliacollo et al. 2011:41 [ref. 31138], Ingenito & Duboc 2014:289 [ref. 33374], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:180 [ref. 35587], Zanata et al. 2018:486 [ref. 35984], Oliveira et al. 2019:237 [ref. 36953]). •Valid as Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann 1914) -- (Alves et al. 2020:810 [ref. 38167], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606] as cf. paranae, Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37440]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon paranae (Eigenmann 1914). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Rio Tietê basin, upper Paraná River basin (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 39493 Astyanax scintillans Myers [G. S.], 1928 Syntype  [Collection database record]
scintillans, Astyanax Myers [G. S.] 1928:88 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 3100] Playa Matepalma, Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Syntypes: CAS 39493 [ex IU uncat.] (2). •Valid as Astyanax scintillans Myers 1928 -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Garutti & Venere 2009:378 [ref. 30493], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35633], Dagosta & Marinho 2022:12 [ref. 39122]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax scintillans Myers 1928. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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CAS 62100 (IU 15860) Astyanax simulatus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record]
simulatus, Astyanax Eigenmann [C. H.] in Pearson 1924:41 [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Creek at Puerto Bermudez, Río Marañon system, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 62100 [ex IU 15860] (orig. 10, now 6), MCZ 31875 [ex IU 16860] (2), USNM 167811 [ex IU 15860] (2). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. Author is C. H. Eigenmann. Appeared first as above with brief characterization, then in Eigenmann & Pearson in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:523, Pl. 57 (fig. 3) [ref. 1263]. Usually dated to 1929 but dates to 1924. •See Planquette et al. 1996:316 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann 1924) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2004:23 [ref. 28038], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Carvalho et al. 2014:378 [ref. 33383], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Marinho & Benine 2024:235 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia simulata (Eigenmann 1924). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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SU 36489 Astyanax superbus Myers [G. S.], 1942 Holotype  [Collection database record]
superbus, Astyanax Myers [G. S.] 1942:92, Fig. 2 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Small brook tributary to Río Tamanaco at Camoruco, 20 kilometers northeast of San Carlos, Cojedes state, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 36489. Paratypes: CAS-SU 36490 (3, now 2), USNM 130640 [ex CAS-SU 36490] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:22 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:8 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Astyanax superbus Myers 1942 -- (Taphorn 1992:122 [ref. 23654], Garutti 1998:121 [ref. 23797], Garutti 1999:587 [ref. 24920], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:112 [ref. 27061], Ruiz-C. et al. 2011:51 [ref. 31365], Marinho & Birindelli 2013:46 [ref. 32569], Marinho & Ohara 2013:476 [ref. 32713], Ruiz-C. et al. 2018:22 [ref. 35787], Ruiz-C. et al. 2023:198 [ref. 40361]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax superbus Myers 1942. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Apure River drainage, Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 41736 (IU 17673) Atopomesus pachyodus Myers [G. S.], 1927 Holotype  [Collection database record]
pachyodus, Atopomesus Myers [G. S.] 1927:112 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Cacuhy, Rio Negro, on the Colombian border, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 41736 [ex IU 17673]. •Valid as Atopomesus pachyodus Myers 1927 -- (Malabarba 1998:231 [ref. 23844], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Esguícero & Castro 2016:242 [ref. 34949], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Atopomesus pachyodus Myers 1927. Characidae: Spintherobolinae. Distribution: Amazon River basin: Brazil and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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SU 16940 Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke [J. E.], 1952 Holotype  [Collection database record]
eugeniae, Aulixidens Böhlke [J. E.] 1952:775 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 5 (no. 56) (art. 81); ref. 592] Río Curamoni, Canal de Casiquiare, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 16940. Paratypes: Géry coll. [ex CAS-SU] (1), CAS-SU 16941 (2), 16942 (now 7, orig. 10), 16943 (2); USNM 157368 [ex CAS-SU 16942] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:22 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:8 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke 1952 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:113 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:537 [ref. 31006], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Aulixidens eugeniae Böhlke 1952. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 39507 (IU 17349) Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a photograph no better than ours.
bolivianus, Bryconamericus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:43, Pl. 10 (fig. 4) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Colorado, Lower Bopi, Bolivia. Syntypes: (9) CAS 39506 [ex IU 17349] (1), CAS 39507 [ex IU 17349] (4), ?UMMZ 66513 (3). Additional original material: CAS 39508 [ex IU 17350] (2) & CAS 39509 [ex IU 17351] (now 5). •Valid as Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:125 [ref. 32807], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:435 [ref. 33665], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Román-Valencia et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus bolivianus Pearson 1924. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Beni River basin (Bolivia) and Urubamba and Pirotón River drainages, Loreto (Peru). Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 39616 (IU 17353) Bryconamericus hemigrammus Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record]
hemigrammus, Bryconamericus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:44 [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Popoi, Upper Beni, Bolivia [possibly village Popoy, circa 15°38'24"S, 67°09'56"W]. Syntypes: CAS 39616 [ex IU 17353] (7), UMMZ 66499 (4). •Valid as Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson 1924) -- (Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:115 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus hemigrammus (Pearson 1924). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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CAS 40828 (IU 15915) Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.], 1942 Holotype  [Collection database record]
osgoodi, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Allen [W. R.] 1942:225, Pl. 14 (fig. 6) [Fishes of western South America; ref. 1246] Río Huallaga basin, Upper Amazon, Moyabamba, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 40828 [ex IU 15915]. Non-types: FMNH 15328-30 (3). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:18 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:117 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:126 [ref. 32807], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:108 [ref. 33608], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893] genus uncertain, Román-Valencia et al. 2023:25 [ref. 40431]). Current status: Valid as Bryconamericus osgoodi Eigenmann & Allen 1942. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Huallaga River drainage, Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 40833 (IU 11519) Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1908 Lectotype  [Collection database record]
stramineus, Bryconamericus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:105 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Piracicaba, Brazil. Lectotype: CAS 40833 [ex IU 11519]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 32748 (2) [Uruguay River]. Additional original material: CAS 61334 [ex IU 11629] (2). Lectotype selected by Eigenmann 1927:370 [ref. 12292]. See Planquette et al. 1996:240 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann 1908 -- (Malabarba & Kindel 1995:680 [ref. 21922], Casatti & Castro 1998:232 [ref. 23663], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Braga 1998:26 [ref. 24111], Britski et al. 1999:32 [ref. 24147], Casatti et al. 2001:5 [ref. 25929], Azpelicueta & Almirón 2001:280 [ref. 26007], Almirón et al. 2001:35 [ref. 26609], Miquelarena et al. 2002:70, 77 [ref. 26517], Román-Valencia 2003:24 [ref. 26840], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], da Silva 2004:55 [ref. 27870], Almirón et al. 2004:8 [ref. 27986], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Langeani et al. 2005:389 [ref. 28234], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:127 [ref. 32807], Litz & Koerber 2014:13 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Dagosta & Netto-Ferreira 2015:440 [ref. 33665], Mirande & Koerber 2015:21 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506]). •Valid as Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Koerber et al. 2015:2 [ref. 35179], Bertaco et al. 2016:414 [ref. 34561], Koerber & Litz 2016:2 [ref. 35098], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Jerep & Shibatta 2017:10 [ref. 35610], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], Koerber et al. 2019:4 [ref. 36736], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606] as cf. stramineus, Reis et al. 2020:461 [ref. 38364] as aff. stramineus, Brandão et al. 2023:103 [ref. 40464], Loureiro et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40506], Lima 2024:254 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piabarchus stramineus (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata and São Francisco River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44216 Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers [G. S.], 1928 Holotype  [Collection database record]
ternetzi, Bryconamericus Myers [G. S.] 1928:89 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 10) v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 3100] Amazon, Comanáos Rapids, Upper Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 44216 [ex IU]. •Valid as Bryconamericus ternetzi Myers 1928 -- (Silva in Reis et al. 2003:118 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Bryconamericus heteresthes Eigenmann 1908 -- (Román-Valencia 2003:43 [ref. 26840]). •Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908) -- (Ferreira 2024:212 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Knodus heteresthes (Eigenmann 1908). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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CAS 40848 (IU 13154) Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann [C. H.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
obtusirostris, Ceratobranchia Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:4 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Chauchamago [Chanchamayo], Junín, Peru [probably La Merced, Río Chanchamayo, 11°3'51.9"S, 75°19'44.5"W]. Holotype (unique): CAS 40848 [ex IU 13154]. •Valid as Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann 1914 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Chernoff & Machado-Allison 1990:278 [ref. 19495], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:121 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Netto-Ferreira 2024:126 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann 1914. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Peru, Ecuador and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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CAS 27615 (IU 09961) Characinus squamosus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
squamosus, Characinus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:525 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Laguna Pasito, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 27615 [ex IU 9961]. •Synonym of Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Menezes 1976:24 [ref. 7073], Menezes 1987:7 [ref. 8072], Braga 1994:12 [ref. 27878], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:202 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:18 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:28 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes 1837). Characidae: Characinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 15682 (IU 09969) Charax caliurus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a poor photograph.
caliurus, Charax Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:142, Pl. 43 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Laguna Pasito, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 15682 [ex IU 9969]. •Valid as Cynopotamus caliurus (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1907) -- (Menezes 1976:25 [ref. 7073], Menni 2004:74 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes 1837) -- (Menezes 1987:7 [ref. 8072], Braga 1994:12 [ref. 27878] as calliurus, Britski et al. 1999:52 [ref. 24147], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:202 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:18 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:28 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Cynopotamus argenteus (Valenciennes 1837). Characidae: Characinae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 41300 (IU 15027) Charax metae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922 Holotype  [Collection database record]
metae, Charax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:238, Pl. 25 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Barrigón, Río Meta, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 41300 [ex IU 15027]. Paratypes: FMNH 55145 (10); CAS 69117 [ex IU 15027] (30 or 34, now 16); CAS-SU 60707 [ex IU 15028] (8); UMMZ 160226 (1); USNM 83631 [ex IU 15027] (4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:22 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:13 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Charax metae Eigenmann 1922 -- (Lucena 1987:44 [ref. 17724], Lucena 1989:104 [ref. 12852], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:201 [ref. 27061], Menezes & Lucena 2014:211 [ref. 33369], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:47 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Charax metae Eigenmann 1922. Characidae: Characinae. Distribution: Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 59762 (IU 15509) Cheirodon australe Eigenmann [C. H.], 1928 Holotype  [Collection database record]
australe, Cheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1928:44, Pl. 9 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 1245] Puerto Varas, Chile. Holotype: CAS 59762 [ex IU 15509]. Paratypes: (187) CAS 59763 [ex IU 15509] (127 + 3 c&s), 69186 [ex IU 15509] (24); USNM 84317 [ex IU] (12), 221998 [ex USNM 84317] (2, c&s). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:14 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Cheirodon australis Eigenmann 1928 [often seen as australe] -- (Campos 1982:146 [ref. 8500], Pequeño 1989:40 [ref. 14125], Campos et al. 1996:69 [ref. 23440], Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:216 [ref. 27061] dated 1927, Mantinian et al. 2008:38 [ref. 34297]). Current status: Valid as Cheirodon australis Eigenmann 1928. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: Pacific versant basins in middle Chile. Habitat: freshwater.
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CAS 59760 (IU 15506) Cheirodon galusdae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1928 Holotype  [Collection database record]
galusdae, Cheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1928:44, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 1245] Río Locomilla at San Xavier, Chile. Holotype: CAS 59760 [ex IU 15506]. Paratypes: (110) CAS 59761 [ex IU 15506] (27); ?FMNH 77551 (3); USNM 84319 [ex IU] (9), 221997 [ex USNM 221997] (1, c&s). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:23 [ref. 12367], Vari & Howe 1991:14 [ref. 19022]. Named for Piedro Galusda, a man. The spelling galusdae is acceptable as early workers almost certainly Latinized the name first, and then added an "e" (Art. 31.1.1) [WNE, 12 Mar. 2012] -- suggest using galusadae. •Valid as Cheirodon galusdae [sic] Eigenmann 1928 -- (Campos 1982:141 [ref. 8500], Pequeño 1989:40 [ref. 14125], Casciotta et al. 1992:10 [ref. 21059], Ruiz & Berra 1994:14 [ref. 21384], Campos et al. 1996:69 [ref. 23440], Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Dyer 2000:84 [ref. 26678], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:216 [ref. 27061] dated 1927, López et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27366] as cf. galusdae, Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Mantinian et al. 2008:37 [ref. 34297] as galusdai). Current status: Valid as Cheirodon galusdae Eigenmann 1928. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: Pacific versant basins in southern Chile; possibly Argentina. Habitat: freshwater.
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SU 17515 Cheirodon interruptus ibicuhiensis Eigenmann [C. H.], 1915 Syntype  [Collection database record]
ibicuhiensis, Cheirodon interruptus var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:74 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 1231] Cacequy [Cacequi], Rio Ibicuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Syntypes: CAS-SU 17515 [ex CM 6816] (1), FMNH 57833 [ex CM 6816] (7), 98573 [ex FMNH 57833] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:23 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:23 [ref. 12367]. Lectotype listed as FMNH 57883 [ex 6861] by Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:216 [ref. 27061] but does not meet the requirements of the 1999 Code unless the code is emended. •Valid as Cheirodon ibicuhiensis Eigenmann 1915 -- (Malabarba 1989:133 [ref. 14217], Casciotta et al. 1992:10 [ref. 21059], Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:216 [ref. 27061], Mantinian et al. 2008:38 [ref. 34297], Miquelarena et al. 2008:61 [ref. 29829], Koerber 2011:2 [ref. 31122], Koerber 2014:3 [ref. 33621], Litz & Koerber 2014:11 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:19 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:301 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Giora & Wingert 2023:129 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:59 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Cheirodon ibicuhiensis Eigenmann 1915. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: Laguna dos Patos, Uruguay and Tramandaí River basins (Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater, brackish.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59780 (IU 11092) Cheirodon micropterus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
micropterus, Cheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:9 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 59780 [ex IU 11092]. •Valid as Serrapinnus micropterus (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Malabarba 1998:215 [ref. 23844], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:219 [ref. 27061], Jerep & Malabarba 2014:307 [ref. 33376], Malabarba & Jerep 2014:58 [ref. 33440], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Jerep et al. 2016:291 [ref. 34362], Jerep et al. 2024:276 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrapinnus micropterus (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59778 (IU 10229) Cheirodon ribeiroi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
ribeiroi, Cheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:9 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Puerto Max, Río Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 59778 [ex IU 10229]. Additional material: CAS 59779 [ex IU 11263] (1) questionably included therefore not a type. See Malabarba 1998:231 [ref. 23844]. •Valid as Mixobrycon ribeiroi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Reis et al. 2016:13 [ref. 34496], Koerber et al. 2017:42 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Mixobrycon ribeiroi (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Characids incertae sedis. Distribution: Paraguay River basin, Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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CAS 30419 (IU 17682) Creagrudite maxillaris Myers [G. S.], 1927 Holotype  [Collection database record]
maxillaris, Creagrudite Myers [G. S.] 1927:118 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Sandbank on the Colombian border at Cucuhy, Rio Negro, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 30419 [ex IU 17682]. Paratypes: CAS 30420 [ex IU 17684] (2), CAS-SU 18071 [ex IU 17683] (1), MCZ 31572 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:23 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers 1927) -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:142 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:124 [ref. 27061], Dagosta & Pastana 2014:578 [ref. 33181], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150], Flausino & Lima 2019:7 [ref. 36726]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus maxillaris (Myers 1927). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin and rivers draining the Guiana Shield, upper Negro River in Venezuela, and other localities: Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 41339 (IU 17679) Creagrutus atrisignum Myers [G. S.], 1927 Holotype  [Collection database record]
atrisignum, Creagrutus Myers [G. S.] 1927:116 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Upper Rio Maranhão, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 41339 [ex IU 17679]. Paratypes: CAS 41340 [ex IU 17680] (7), MCZ 31571 (1). •Valid as Creagrutus atrisignum Myers 1927 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:69 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:122 [ref. 27061], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira & Moreira 2018:255 [ref. 35759]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus atrisignum Myers 1927. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Maranhão River basin in Tocantins River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44210 (IU 17681) Creagrutus phasma Myers [G. S.], 1927 Lectotype  [Collection database record]
phasma, Creagrutus Myers [G. S.] 1927:117 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Mouth of Curamuni, Río Cassiquiare, Venezuela. Lectotype: CAS 44210 [ex IU 17681]. Paralectotypes: CAS 209191 [ex CAS 44210 and IU 17681] (1). Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:188 [ref. 25842]. •Valid as Creagrutus phasma Myers 1927 -- (Vari & Harold 2001:186 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Cala 1997:149 [ref. 30645], Mirande et al. 2013:763 [ref. 33366], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2018:352 [ref. 36150]). Current status: Valid as Creagrutus phasma Myers 1927. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Upper Negro River basin north to Orinoco River basin: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44226 (IU 09265) Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
iguape, Deuterodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:140, Pl. 41 (fig. 3) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Iguapé, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 44226 [ex IU 9265]. •Valid as Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann 1907 -- (Lucena & Lucena 2002:129 [ref. 26205], Lucena et al. in Reis et al. 2003:127 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:502 [ref. 31006], Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364]). Current status: Valid as Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Ribeira de Iguapé River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44286 (IU 17291) Gephyrocharax major Myers [G. S.], 1929 Lectotype  [Collection database record]
major, Gephyrocharax Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:479 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Popoi [Popoy River], Upper Río Beni, Amazon system, Bolivia, circa 15°37'0.12"S, 67°17'60.0"W, elevation 532 meters. Lectotype: CAS 44286 [ex IU 17291]. Paralectotypes: CAS 236011 [ex IU 17291] (8). Additional non-type material: CAS 46027 [ex IU 17290] (9), 46028 [ex IU 17293] (1), 46029 [ex IU 17292] (5), 78813 [ex IU 17289] (23). Lectotype selected by Vanegas-Ríos 2016:45 [ref. 34359]. •Valid as Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929 -- (Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:224 [ref. 27061], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1333 [ref. 34415], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745] as Gephyocharax, Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:38 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax major Myers 1929. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44297 (IU 15131) Gephyrocharax valencia Eigenmann [C. H.], 1920 Holotype  [Collection database record]
valencia, Gephyrocharax Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:11 [Indiana University Studies v. 7 (no. 44); ref. 11120] Lake Valencia, Maracay, Venezuela, ca. 10°13'0.85"N, 67°37'11.82"W, altitude 448 meters. Holotype: CAS 44297 [ex IU 15131]. Paratypes: CAS 44294 [ex IU 15129] (99), 44295 [ex IU 15130] (2), 44296 [ex IU 15131] (3). •Valid as Gephyrocharax valencia Eigenmann 1920 -- (Taphorn 1992:188 [ref. 23654], Bonilla Rivero & López Rojas 1995:33 [ref. 38623], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Phillip et al. 2013:16 [ref. 32896], Vanegas-Ríos & Phillip 2013:1329 [ref. 34415], Thomaz et al. 2015: Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Vanegas-Ríos 2016:68 [ref. 34359], Vanegas-Ríos 2017:6 [ref. 35531], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:55 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Ferreira et al. 2018:170 [ref. 35911], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Gephyrocharax valencia Eigenmann 1920. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia, Venezuela and Trinidad). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44333 (IU 17321) Hemibrycon beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a photograph no better than ours. See also syntype lot CAS 44334.
beni, Hemibrycon Pearson [N. E.] 1924:42, Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (48) CAS 44333 [ex IU 17321] (29), 44334 [ex IU 17321] (now 60); UMMZ 66504 (16); USNM 117543 [ex UMMZ 66504 and IU 17321] (2). Additional material: CAS 44335 [ex IU 17347] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. Not treated by Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], added in Corrigenda (2005). •Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924 -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:739 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Río Beni drainage, upper río Madeira basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44334 (IU 17321) Hemibrycon beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record] See also syntype lot CAS 44333.
beni, Hemibrycon Pearson [N. E.] 1924:42, Pl. 2 (fig. 6) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (48) CAS 44333 [ex IU 17321] (29), 44334 [ex IU 17321] (now 60); UMMZ 66504 (16); USNM 117543 [ex UMMZ 66504 and IU 17321] (2). Additional material: CAS 44335 [ex IU 17347] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:23 [ref. 19022]. Not treated by Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:129 [ref. 27061], added in Corrigenda (2005). •Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924 -- (Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:739 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:117 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon beni Pearson 1924. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Río Beni drainage, upper río Madeira basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 23727 Hemibrycon metae Myers [G. S.], 1930 Holotype  [Collection database record]
metae, Hemibrycon Myers [G. S.] 1930:68 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 43; ref. 12360] Guaicaramo, at junction of Río Guavio and Río Upía, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 23727. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Hemibrycon metae Myers 1930 -- (Taphorn 1992:197 [ref. 23654], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Román-Valencia & Ruiz-C. 2007:129 [ref. 29189], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2008:74 [ref. 29744], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2009:78 [ref. 30718], Román-Valencia & Arcila-Mesa 2010:340 [ref. 30721], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:752 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:119 [ref. 33572], García-Alzate et al. 2015:90 [ref. 33838], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35773], Román-Valencia et al. 2018:40 [ref. 36348], Ardila Rodríguez 2020:14 [ref. 37579], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon metae Myers 1930. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: southern flank of the Andean Orinoco River basin (Colombia), and Orinoco River and Caribbean basins (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44358 (IU 13723) Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922 Holotype  [Collection database record]
tridens, Hemibrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:152 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Río Apurimac at Uruhuasi, southeastern Peru. Holotype: CAS 44358 [ex IU 13723]. •Valid as Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann 1922 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:130 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2007:256 [ref. 29278], Bertaco & Malabarba 2010:765 [ref. 31076], Román-Valencia et al. 2014:120 [ref. 33572], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann 1922. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Río Apurimac drainage, upper Ucayali River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 11984 (IU 10182) Hemigrammus anisitsi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype & Paratype  [Collection database record] Holotype may be the largest specimen.
anisitsi, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:16 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Villa Rica [Villarica, Guairá Department, Río Tebicuary] Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 11984 [ex IU 10182] (1 of 3). Paratypes: BMNH 1907.4.27.5-6 (2),1909.6.15.10 (1); CAS 11984 [ex IU 10182] (2 of 3), 44366 [ex IU 9995] (orig. 10, now 7 or less). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Malabarba 1989:134 [ref. 14217], Fernández & Butí 1996:252 [ref. 22775], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:43 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:134 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:100 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Almirón et al. 2004:674 [ref. 27987], Miquelarena & López 2006:824 [ref. 29070], Almirón et al. 2006:895 [ref. 29163], Mirande 2010:515 [ref. 31006] in Astyanax clade, Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Koerber et al. 2020:3 [ref. 37480], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Terán et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37440], Koerber et al. 2021:3 [ref. 38894], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40355], Loureiro et al. 2023:75 [ref. 40506], Zanata et al. 2024:258 [ref. 40718]). Current status: Valid as Psalidodon anisitsi (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Paraná and Uruguay River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Introduced in Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44368 (IU 13423) Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
barrigonae, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1914:232 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 24); ref. 11067] Barrigona, upper Río Meta drainage, Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 44368 [ex IU 13423]. Paratypes: (65) AMNH 5320 (4), CAS 44369 [ex IU 13424] (orig. 61). •Valid as Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:203, 269 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:24 [ref. 28749], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Ota et al. 2014:278 [ref. 33373], Zarske 2015:8 [ref. 33782], Petrolli et al. 2016:168 [ref. 34395], Soares & Bührnheim 2016:398 [ref. 34972], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:86 [ref. 35773], Reia & Benine 2019:413 [ref. 36527], Ota et al. 2019:345 [ref. 36619], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus barrigonae Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44379 (IU 11073) Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
boulengeri, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:15 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS 44379 [ex IU 11073]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Malabarba 1989:134 [ref. 14217], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Malabarba 2005:86 [ref. 28297], Bertaco et al. 2007:248 [ref. 29277], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Nión et al. 2016:30 [ref. 35565] dated 1918 without parentheses, Reis et al. 2020:459 [ref. 38364], Giora & Wingert 2023:134 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:78 [ref. 40506]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon boulengeri (Eigenmann 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: coastal river drainages of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42675 (IU 12651) Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin [M. L.], 1918 Syntype  [Collection database record]
cupreus, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:168, Pl. 20 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Jatuarana, Silves, Lago Saracá, Amazon system, Brazil [= Barreirinha, Amazon River and Lago Saracá, Amazonas, Brazil, about 2°50'S, 58°14'W]. Syntypes: (11 + 6) CAS 42675 [ex IU 12651, MCZ 20952] (2); ?MCZ 21067 (6), ?21069 (9?, orig. 6), 89964 (orig. 11). Author is M. L. Durbin. Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin 1918 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:131 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Lima & Marinho 2024:174 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin 1918. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Brazil and ? Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42676 (IU 12648) Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin [M. L.], 1918 Syntype  [Collection database record]
hyanuary, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1918:151, Pl. 18 (fig. 4) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Lake Hyanuary. Syntypes: (8) CAS 42676 [ex IU 12648; MCZ 20955] (2), MCZ 20955 (now 4). Author is M. L. Durbin. Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin 1918 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin 1918. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Sout merica: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44420 (IU 10016) Hemigrammus kennedyi Eigenmann [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
kennedyi, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903:520 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Campo Grande, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 44420 [ex IU 10016]. Paratypes: (41) AMNH 1464 (4, 2 c&s), ANSP 37129 (1); BMNH 1907.4.27.3-4 (2), 1909.6.15.8-9 (2); FMNH 52626 (4); CAS 44419 [ex IU 10012] (6), 44421 [ex IU 10018] (1), 44422 [ex IU 10019] (8), 44423 [ex IU 10063] (5); ZMB 17001 (1), 17145 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann 1903) -- (Fernández & Butí 1996:253 [ref. 22775], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:40 [ref. 24147], Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:154 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:28 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:109 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:517 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Mirande & Koerber 2015:25 [ref. 35117], Petry et al. 2016:302 [ref. 34966], Melo et al. 2016:375 [ref. 35317], Koerber et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:7 [ref. 37809], Koerber et al. 2022:38 [ref. 39235], Vieira et al. 2023:17 [ref. 40759], Dagosta 2024:264 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Psellogrammus kennedyi (Eigenmann 1903). Characidae: Characids incertae sedis. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and São Francisco River basins, Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42678 (IU 15260) Hemigrammus levis Durbin [M. L.], 1908 Syntype  [Collection database record]
levis, Hemigrammus Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:100 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Lago Maximo [small lake near Parintins], Villa Bella and Lake Jose Assu, Brazil. Syntypes: (over 300) CAS 42677 [ex IU 12647 & MCZ 20738] (5), CAS 42678 [ex IU 15260 & MCZ 20749] (7); MCZ 89961-62 (64, 18), 20738 (194), 20749 (28), 20829 (3); USNM 120266 [ex MCZ 20738] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:24 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. Lectotype established as MCZ 20738 by Eigenmann 1918:149 but lot with more than 1 specimen so lectotype designation is not valid. •Valid as Hemigrammus levis Durbin 1908 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Zarske et al. 2006:24 [ref. 28749], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Melo et al. 2016:132 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:937 [ref. 36872], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:32 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus levis Durbin 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44436 (IU 11438) Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann [C. H.], 1918 Holotype  [Collection database record]
matei, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1918:152, Pl. 19 (fig. 1) [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 2); ref. 1240] Argentina [aquarium specimen]. Holotype: CAS 44436 [ex IU 11438]. Additional material or paratype: CAS 44437 [ex IU 11438] (1). Appeared first in Eigenmann 1910:436 [ref. 1224] without description. •Valid as Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann 1918 -- (Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:26 [ref. 27366] as mattei, Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131] as mattei, Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117]). •Species inquirenda -- (Lima & Marinho 2024:181 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Hemigrammus matei Eigenmann 1918. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Argentina [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44381 (IU 10039) Hemigrammus melasopterus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
melasopterus, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:518 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Aguada, near Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 44381 [ex IU 10039]. Paratypes: (6) AMNH 1035 (1), CAS 44382 [ex IU 10040] (1), CAS [ex IU 10041] (orig. 5, not found); FMNH 52668 (2); ZMB 17147 (2). The spelling melasopterus possibly in error for melanopterus. •Synonym of Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner 1882) -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:224 [ref. 22743], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:148 [ref. 24509], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:136 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44438 (IU 10802) Hemigrammus micropterus Meek [S. E.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
micropterus, Hemigrammus Meek [S. E.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:15 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Los Castillos, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): CAS 44438 [ex IU 10802]. •Valid as Hemigrammus micropterus Meek 1907 -- (Taphorn 1992:212 [ref. 23654], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132 [ref. 27061], Marinho et al. 2008:58 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:48 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus micropterus Meek 1907. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 47759 Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke [J. E.], 1955 Holotype  [Collection database record]
mimus, Hemigrammus Böhlke [J. E.] 1955:229, Fig. 2 [Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 12265] Camanáos on the Rio Negro, about 0°10'S, 66°55'W, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 47759. Paratypes: CAS-SU 47760 (1). •Valid as Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke 1955 -- (Taphorn 1992:218 [ref. 23654] as cf. mimus, Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:132-133 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2007:13 [ref. 29231], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Mendonça & Wosiacki 2011:214 [ref. 31415], Ota et al. 2014:278 [ref. 33373], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Lima & Marinho 2024:178 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus mimus Böhlke 1955. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: middle Negro and Amazon river basins; upper Orinoco River basin: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44467 (IU 17643) Hemigrammus paipayensis Pearson [N. E.], 1929 Holotype  [Collection database record]
paipayensis, Hemigrammus Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:533 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Paipay, Río Crisnejas drainage, Amazonas system, Andes of northern Peru. Syntypes: CAS 44467 [ex IU 17643] (now 1). Additional original material: CAS 44468 [ex IU 17643] (now 216), ZMA [ex IU 17643] 114207 (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson 1929) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:115 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus paipayensis (Pearson 1929). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon basin, Peru and Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 58609 (IU 11262) Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
tridens, Hemigrammus Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:15 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Arroyo Pypucu, Río Paraguay basin, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 58609 [ex IU 11262]. Paratypes: CAS 61474 [ex IU 11262a] (1) Arroyo Pypucu (= Arroyo Piry-Pucu). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon tridens (Eigenmann 1907) -- (Zarske & Géry 2002:26 [ref. 26553]). •Valid as Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann 1907 -- (Britski et al. 1999:40 [ref. 24147], Lima & Oyakawa in Reis et al. 2003:133 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Carvalho 2005:147 [ref. 28675], Marinho et al. 2008:59 [ref. 29547], Carvalho et al. 2010:253 [ref. 30862], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2017:67 [ref. 35220], Koerber et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:4 [ref. 35632], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[8] [ref. 35679], Koerber et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36736], Albornoz-Garzón et al. 2019:938 [ref. 36872], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basins (Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina and Bolivia). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 57151 (IU 10896) Holopristes riddlei Meek [S. E.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
riddlei, Holopristes Meek [S. E.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Los Castillas, Orinoco River, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 57151 [ex IU 10896]. Paratypes: CAS 57152 [ex IU uncat.] (1), FMNH 43152 (3, missing?). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:47 [ref. 12367]. Types reported as missing (Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]) but they are apparently in FMNH 43152. Original genus should have been Holopristis. Footnote indicates species was described from one specimen, anal count of 21-23 implies more specimens; types determined from information in catalogs. Apparently appeared as Hemigrammus riddlei by mistake in key on p. 13 with lower anal ray count of 19. •Synonym of Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey 1894) -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:237 [ref. 22743] but with wrong original genus, Lima 2024:257 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pristella maxillaris (Ulrey 1894). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 51789 (IU 17678a) Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers [G. S.], 1927 Holotype  [Collection database record]
balbus, Hyphessobrycon Myers [G. S.] 1927:115 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Planaltina, Lagoa Fervedeira, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 51789 [ex IU 17678a]. Paratypes: ANSP 134780 (1, c&s), CAS 60463 [ex IU 17678] (13), CAS-SU 18069 (10, now 9), MCZ 31570 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:43 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers 1927 -- (Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Bertaco & Malabarba 2005:86 [ref. 28297], Bertaco et al. 2007:248 [ref. 29277], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Carvalho et al. 2014:248 [ref. 33371], Teixeira et al. 2016:474 [ref. 34088], Burger et al. 2019:377 [ref. 36718]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon balbus Myers 1927. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42682 (IU 12654) Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin [M. L.], 1908 Syntype  [Collection database record]
bentosi, Hyphessobrycon Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:101 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Amazon River at Obidos, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (21) CAS 42682 [ex IU 12654 & MCZ 20995] (3), MCZ 20842 (15), USNM 120270 [ex MCZ 20842a] (3). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin 1908 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:239 [ref. 23654], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:226 [ref. 22743], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:145 [ref. 24509], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:150 [ref. 24506], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Hein 2009:9 [ref. 30362], García-Alzate et al. 2010:55 [ref. 30716], García-Alzate et al. 2011:709 [ref. 31266], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Zarske 2014:143 [ref. 33403], García-Alzate et al. 2015:222 [ref. 33855], Pastana & Ohara 2016:396 [ref. 34716], García-Alzate et al. 2017:125 [ref. 35253], Ohara et al. 2017:10 [ref. 35494], Pastana et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35596], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Guimarães et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35965], Guimarães et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37899], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:38 [ref. 39235] unconfirmed). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 48710 Hyphessobrycon cardinalis Myers [G. S.] & Weitzman [S. H.], 1956 Holotype  [Collection database record]
cardinalis, Hyphessobrycon Myers [G. S.] & Weitzman [S. H.] 1956:1 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 7 (no. 1); ref. 12214] Stream near Tomar [Thomar], about 0°25'S, 63°55'S, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 48710. Paratypes: (10) CAS-SU 48711 (now 5), 48712 (2, c&s). •Synonym of Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz 1956) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:153 [ref. 27061], Marinho 2024:247 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz 1956). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 60476 (IU 17665) Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers [G. S.], 1929 Holotype  [Collection database record]
coelestinus, Hyphessobrycon Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:535 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Lagoa Bonita, into São Bartholomeu, Goiás State, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 60476 [ex IU 17665]. Paratypes: CAS 57602 [ex IU 17666] (15). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers 1929 -- (Zarske & Géry 1997:310 [ref. 23715], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2004:36 [ref. 28039], Zarske & Géry 2006:47 [ref. 28750], García-Alzate et al. 2008:48 [ref. 29671], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Marinho et al. 2014:263 [ref. 33372], Marinho et al. 2016:519 [ref. 34591]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon coelestinus Myers 1929. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42683 (IU 12653) Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin [M. L.], 1908 Syntype  [Collection database record]
copelandi, Hyphessobrycon Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:101 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Tabatinga, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (100) CAS 42683 [ex IU 12653] (5), MCZ 20771 (88), USNM 120271 [ex MCZ 20771] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin 1908 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Géry et al. 1991:58 [ref. 21021], Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302], Planquette et al. 1996:288 [ref. 22818], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:226 [ref. 22743], Weitzman & Palmer 1997:145 [ref. 24509], Keith et al. 2000:13 [ref. 24547], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:135 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Ohara et al. 2017:10 [ref. 35494], Pastana et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35596], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:49 [ref. 35633], Guimarães et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35965], Guimarães et al. 2020:106 [ref. 37899], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:18 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru and French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 61602 (IU 13105a) Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
ecuadoriensis, Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:9 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Los Ríos, forest pool near Vinces, western Ecuador (ca. 1°33'S, 79°44'W). Holotype: CAS 61602 [ex IU 13105a]. Paratypes: AMNH 5329 (18); BMNH 1924.3.3.44-45 (2); CAS 32454 [ex IU 13105] (1853); FMNH 10290-313 (total 23), 56601 (83); MCZ 30951 (29); MNHN 1980-1439 [ex CAS 13105] (1); CAS-SU 22776 (17); UMMZ 160151 (16); ZMA 113819 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Nijssen et al. 1982:19 [ref. 19236], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:48 [ref. 12367]. Apparently not the same as Megalamphodus ecuadorensis Eigenmann 1915. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:231 [ref. 22743], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:136 [ref. 27061], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:139 [ref. 34894], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[9] [ref. 35679], Ota et al. 2020:432 [ref. 37391]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 47167 (IU 17343) Hyphessobrycon ellisi Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Syntype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a photograph no better than ours.
ellisi, Hyphessobrycon Pearson [N. E.] 1924:39, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (55) CAS 47167 [ex IU 17343] (37), CAS-SU 24660 [ex IU 17343] (3), UMMZ 66505 (14), USNM 117544 [ex UMMZ 66505, orig. IU 17343] (1). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:24 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:26 [ref. 19022]. First appeared as ellisi; named after Mrs. Marion Durbin Ellis, the correct species epithet would be ellisae. Not to be corrected (ICZN). •Valid as Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson 1924) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:7 [ref. 9708], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:115 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:381 [ref. 31395], Barriga Salazar 2014:106 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893]). Current status: Valid as Bryconacidnus ellisi (Pearson 1924). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin: Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 61751 (IU 13421) Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
metae, Hyphessobrycon Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1914:233 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 24); ref. 11067] Barrigona, Río Meta, Orinoco system, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 61751 [ex IU 13421]. Paratypes: (66) CAS 61752 (62). •Valid as Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Taphorn 1992:242 [ref. 23654], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:138 [ref. 27061], García-Alzate & Román-Valencia 2008:14 [ref. 30008], García-Alzate et al. 2010:39 [ref. 30724], García-Alzate et al. 2010:55 [ref. 30716], García-Alzate et al. 2010:456 [ref. 31066], García-Alzate et al. 2011:709 [ref. 31266], Carvalho & Langeani 2013:526 [ref. 32913], Lima et al. 2014:177 [ref. 33535], Ohara & Lima 2015:570 [ref. 33846], García-Alzate et al. 2015:223 [ref. 33855], Zarske 2015:295 [ref. 34028], Marinho et al. 2016:248 [ref. 34376], Dagosta et al. 2016:258 [ref. 34377], Marinho et al. 2016:519 [ref. 34591], Zarske 2016:110 [ref. 34774], García-Alzate et al. 2017:126 [ref. 35253], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773], Faria et al. 2020:374 [ref. 37543], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:455 [ref. 40760]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon metae Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42684 (IU 12652) Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin [M. L.], 1908 Syntype  [Collection database record]
serpae, Hyphessobrycon Durbin [M. L.] in Eigenmann 1908:100 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Serpa (= Amazon River at Itacoatiara), Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: (46) CAS 42684 [ex IU 12652 & MCZ 20985] (5), MCZ 20985 (now 34), USNM 120269 [ex MCZ 20985] (6). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:27 [ref. 19022]. Author is M. L. Durbin. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin 1908 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:2 [ref. 24302]). •Valid as Hyphessobyson cf. serpae Durbin 1908 -- (Fuller et al. 1999:184 [ref. 25838]). •Synonym of Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner 1882) -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:148 [ref. 24509], Britski et al. 1999:41 [ref. 24147], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:136 [ref. 27061], Casciotta et al. 2003:102 [ref. 28130], Litz & Koerber 2014:15 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:26 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:41 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Synonym of Hyphessobrycon eques (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 61845 (IU 17668) Knodus megalops Myers [G. S.], 1929 Holotype  [Collection database record]
megalops, Knodus Myers [G. S.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:527 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Río Pichis, Puerto Bermudez, Peru. Holotype (unique): CAS 61845 [ex IU 17668]. •Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Silva in Reis et al. 2003:143 [ref. 27061], Zarske 2008:169 [ref. 29918], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Esguícero & Castro 2014:47 [ref. 33506], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Knodus megalops Myers 1929. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: upper Amazon River basin (Peru and Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 55297 (IU 13100) Landonia latidens Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
latidens, Landonia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] in Eigenmann, Henn & Wilson 1914:2 [Indiana University Studies No. 19; ref. 1259] Vinces, Colimes, Río Daule, western Ecuador. Holotype: CAS 55297 [ex IU 5409]. Paratypes: (14) CAS 55298 [ex IU 13100] (13), FMNH 56593 (2). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:50 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:29 [ref. 37559], Weitzman & Menezes 1998:180 [ref. 23843], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:280 [ref. 24413], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:225 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:145 [ref. 34894], Meza-Vargas et al. 2019:853 [ref. 36992], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566]). Current status: Valid as Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Pacific slope (Ecuador and northern Peru). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 98917 (IU 17348) Megalamphodus rogoaguae Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Holotype  [Collection database record]
rogoaguae, Megalamphodus Pearson [N. E.] 1924:33, Pl. 10 (fig. 3) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Lagoons, Lake Rogoagua, Beni, Bolivia (ca. 13°58'S, 66°53'W). Holotype (unique): CAS 98917 [ex IU 17348]. •Valid as Megalamphodus rogoaguae Pearson 1924 -- (Géry et al. 1991:61 [ref. 21021]). •Synonym of Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann 1915) -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:231 [ref. 22743], Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:138 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:47 [ref. 35004]). Current status: Synonym of Hyphessobrycon megalopterus (Eigenmann 1915). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 47171 (IU 17642) Microgenys lativirgatus Pearson [N. E.], 1927 Syntype  [Collection database record]
lativirgatus, Microgenys Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann 1927:355 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 4); ref. 12292] Rio Pusoc [probably Río Púsac], above Balsas, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 47171 [ex IU 17642] (4). The gender is evidently feminine, so name changed to lativirgata. •Valid as Microgenys lativirgata Pearson 1927 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708] as lativirgatus, Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:144 [ref. 27061], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Netto-Ferreira 2024:218 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microgenys lativirgata Pearson 1927. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Maranon River drainage, upper Amazon River basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 17491 Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke [J. E.], 1953 Holotype  [Collection database record]
callops, Microschemobrycon Böhlke [J. E.] 1953:846, Pl. 20 (fig. 2) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 71) (art. 85); ref. 12366] Camanaos Rapids, Rio Negro, Brazil, about 0°10'S, 66°55'W. Holotype: CAS-SU 17491. Paratypes: ANSP 131519 [ex CAS-SU 17492] (1, c&s); CAS 20691 (2); CAS-SU 17492 (orig. 2), 17493-96 (1, 5, 1, 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke 1953 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35633], Marinho 2024:219 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microschemobrycon callops Böhlke 1953. Characidae: Characinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco, Negro and Madeira River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 17497 Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke [J. E.], 1953 Holotype  [Collection database record]
casiquiare, Microschemobrycon Böhlke [J. E.] 1953:843, Pl. 20 (fig. 1) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 71) (art. 85); ref. 12366] São Gabriel Rapids, at São Gabriel village, Rio Negro, Brazil, 0°08'03"S, 67°03'28"W. Holotype: CAS-SU 17497. Paratypes: ANSP 131517-18 (2, c&s), 131520 (1, skeleton); CAS 20689-90 (10, 5); CAS-SU 17498-512 (8, 3, 11, 2, 1, 1, 11, 2, 1, 8, 4, 6, 1, 27, 2), Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke 1953 -- (Taphorn 1992:263 [ref. 23654], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:145 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:529 [ref. 31006], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:86 [ref. 35773], Ohara et al. 2019:333 [ref. 36615], Marinho 2024:219 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Microschemobrycon casiquiare Böhlke 1953. Characidae: Characinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco river basins, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 60477 (IU 17641) Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson [N. E.], 1929 Syntype  [Collection database record]
crisnejas, Moenkhausia Pearson [N. E.] in Eigenmann & Myers 1929:524 [Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 43 (pt 5); ref. 1263] Paipay, Río Crisnejas, Amazon System, Peru. Syntypes: CAS 60477 [ex IU 17641] (24). Probably in another genus (Marinho 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). •Valid as Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson 1929 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:146 [ref. 27061], Marinho & Benine 2024:226 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia crisnejas Pearson 1929. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Crisnejas River drainage, western Amazon basin, Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 42760 (IU 15259) Moenkhausia lepidurus latus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1908 Syntype  [Collection database record]
latus, Moenkhausia lepidurus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1908:103 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 52 (no. 6); ref. 1221] Northern part of Rio Tapajós, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (many) CAS 42760 [ex IU 15259 & MCZ 20860] (5, missing), MCZ 20860 (19), USNM 120278 [ex MCZ 20860] (4). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:30 [ref. 19022]. See Planquette et al. 1996:308 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann 1908 -- (Géry 1992:72 [ref. 20972], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:148 [ref. 27061], Géry & Zarske 2004:42 [ref. 28287], Marinho & Langeani 2010:60 [ref. 30941], Marinho & Langeani 2010:887 [ref. 30927], Petrolli & Benine 2015:417 [ref. 33887], Oliveira & Marinho 2016:573 [ref. 34342], Marinho & Langeani 2016:348 [ref. 34416], Azevedo-Santos & Benine 2016:208 [ref. 34837], Soares et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35237], Bogotá-Gregory et al. 2020:1400 [ref. 37878], Marinho & Benine 2024:229 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia lata Eigenmann 1908. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon, Tapajós, Madeira and Oyapock River basins (Brazil, Colombia and French Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 55610 (IU 15026a) Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922 Holotype  [Collection database record]
metae, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:234, Pl. 34 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Barrigón, Río Meta, Orinoco System, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 55610 [ex IU 15026a]. Paratypes: (20) CAS 55609 [ex IU 15026] (now 8), CAS 55608 [ex IU 13951] (6), FMNH 55214 (4). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:57 [ref. 12367]. Also appeared at same time in Eigenmann 1922:167 [ref. 12408]. •Valid as Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann 1922 -- (Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Marinho & Benine 2024:231 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia metae Eigenmann 1922. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: upper Meta River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 62059 (IU 15136) Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann [C. H.], 1920 Holotype  [Collection database record]
pittieri, Moenkhausia Eigenmann [C. H.] 1920:10, Pl. 3 [Indiana University Studies v. 7 (no. 44); ref. 11120] Concejo, Río Tiquirito, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS 62059 [ex IU 15136]. Paratypes: CAS 62060 [ex IU 15136] (27), 70732 [ex IU 15137] (1). •Valid as Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920 -- (Weitzman & Palmer 1997:238 [ref. 22743], Lima & Gerhard 2001:112 [ref. 25355], Benine in Reis et al. 2003:149 [ref. 27061], Bertaco et al. 2011:60 [ref. 31234], Marinho 2017:1 [ref. 35491], Marinho 2022:[3] [ref. 39339], Marinho & Benine 2024:234 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Moenkhausia pittieri Eigenmann 1920. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Lake Valencia basin (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59792 (IU 15348) Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann [C. H.], 1924 Lectotype  [Collection database record]
pearsoni, Monotocheirodon Eigenmann [C. H.] in Pearson 1924:34, Fig. 3; Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Espia, Bolivia. Syntypes: (10) CAS 59792 [ex IU 15348] (7), UMMZ 66484 (4). Additional original material: CAS 70832 [ex IU 17334] (3), 70833 [es IU 17333] (now 5), 70835 [ex IU 17335] (2). Author is C. H. Eigenmann. •Valid as Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann 1924 -- (Chang & Ortega 1995:3 [ref. 24302], Malabarba 1998:231 [ref. 23844], Malabarba & Weitzman 2000:278 [ref. 24413], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:150 [ref. 27061]. Menezes et al. 2013:129 [ref. 32808], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Carvalho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40982]). Current status: Valid as Monotocheirodon pearsoni Eigenmann 1924. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Beni River drainage, Madeira River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.
	To Do	To Do
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59790 (IU 11086) Odontostilbe microcephalus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
microcephalus, Odontostilbe Eigenmann [C. H.] in Eigenmann & Ogle 1907:10 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Mission de San Francisco, Río Pilcomayo, La Plata system, Bolivia. Holotype: CAS 59790 [ex IU 11086]. Paratypes: CAS 59791 [ex IU 11086a] (1). Information on type locality see Koerber & Terán 2021:138 [ref. 38314]. •Valid as Odontostilbe microcephala Eigenmann 1907 -- (Casciotta et al. 1992:14 [ref. 21059] as microcephalus, Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Butí & Cancino 1999:72 [ref. 25277] as microcephalus, Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:218 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Bührnheim & Malabarba 2006:193 [ref. 28728], Miquelarena et al. 2008:82 [ref. 29829], Mirande 2010:532 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:12 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:19 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:30 [ref. 35267], Chuctaya et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35862], Chuctaya et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37856], Koerber & Terán 2021:138, 140 [ref. 38314], Chuctaya & Malabarba 2024:240 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Odontostilbe microcephala Eigenmann 1907. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59785 (IU 09988) Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
paraguayensis, Odontostilbe Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:512 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Asuncion, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 59785 [ex IU 9988]. Paratypes: (3) AMNH 1062 (1), CAS 59786 [ex IU 10111] (orig. 3, now 1), FMNH 52613 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:61 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Casciotta et al. 1992:14 [ref. 21059], Britski et al. 1999:47 [ref. 24147], Liotta et al. 2001:153 [ref. 39259], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:218 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Bührnheim & Malabarba 2006:193 [ref. 28728] Miquelarena et al. 2008:83 [ref. 29829], Mirande 2010:532 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:19 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:30 [ref. 35267], Chuctaya & Malabarba 2024:241 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Odontostilbe paraguayensis Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and lower Paraná River basins (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59787 (IU 09987a) Odontostilbe trementinae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
trementinae, Odontostilbe Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:513 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 59787 [ex IU 9987a]. Paratypes: (9) CAS 59788 [ex IU 9987] (orig. 9, now 3), FMNH 52605 (2). Plus additional material: (3). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:61 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Odontostilbe pequira (Steindachner 1882) -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:218 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:12 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:19 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:30 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Holoshesthes pequira (Steindachner 1882). Current status: Synonym of Holoshesthes pequira (Steindachner 1882). Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 62272 (IU 17317) Piabina beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Lectotype  [Collection database record] Fig. is a photograph no better than ours.
beni, Piabina Pearson [N. E.] 1924:45, Pl. 10 (fig. 5) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Río Popoi, Upper Beni, Amazon system, Bolivia. Lectotype: CAS 62272 [ex IU 17317]. Paralectotypes: (10) CAS 87389 [ex CAS 62272] (6); UMML 66495 (3). Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Creagrutus beni Eigenmann 1911, replaced by Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988. Lectotype selected by Vari & Harold 2001:180 [ref. 25842]. •Objective synonym of Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988 -- (Vari & Harold 1998:256 [ref. 23845], Vari & Harold 2001:178 [ref. 25842], Vari & Harold in Reis et al. 2003:125 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Creagrutus pearsoni Mahnert & Géry 1988. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 18636 Planaltina myersi Böhlke [J. E.], 1954 Holotype  [Collection database record]
myersi, Planaltina Böhlke [J. E.] 1954:267, Fig. 3 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 594] "Sarandi brook," Planaltina, Goiás, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 18636. •Valid as Planaltina myersi Böhlke 1954 -- (Weitzman & Menezes 1998:184 [ref. 23843], Weitzman in Reis et al. 2003:226 [ref. 27061], Menezes et al. 2003:561 [ref. 27327], Weitzman et al. 2005:357 [ref. 28384], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], Deprá et al. 2018:17 [ref. 35939]). Current status: Valid as Planaltina myersi Böhlke 1954. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: Rio Paranaíba drainage, upper Paraná River basin and São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 55102 (IU 10001) Poecilurichthys moenkhausii Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903 Holotype  [Collection database record]
moenkhausii, Poecilurichthys Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:522 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Brook near Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 55102 [ex IU 10001]. Paratypes: AMNH 1463 (2); CAS 55103 [ex IU 10002] (1), 55104 [IU 10003] (orig. 9, now 4); FMNH 52601 (2). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:68 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Ferreira & Lima 2006:637 [ref. 28919], Ferreira & Netto-Ferreira 2010:470 [ref. 30882], Román-Valencia et al. 2013:130 [ref. 32807], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745] as cf. moenkhausii, Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35267], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36506], Dos Anjos de Sousa et al. 2020:583 [ref. 37361], Reis et al. 2020:460 [ref. 38364], Deprá et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38180], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727] as cf. moenkhausii). Current status: Valid as Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903). Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Paraná and Jequitinhonha River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, ?Ecuador, Colombia, Paraguay and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 17472 Prodontocharax alleni Böhlke [J. E.], 1953 Holotype  [Collection database record]
alleni, Prodontocharax Böhlke [J. E.] 1953:661 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 6 (no. 69) (art. 64); ref. 10330] Río Ucayali, Cashiboya, about 7°31'S, 74°55'W, Peru. Holotype: CAS-SU 17472. Paratypes: CAS-SU 17473 (15; 1 c&s), 17474 (2), 19050 (9); USNM 157366 (1). Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:35 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Prodontocharax alleni Böhlke 1953 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:218 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). •Synonym of Amblystilbe howesi Fowler 1940 -- (Bertaco et al. 2023:21 [ref. 40512]). Current status: Synonym of Amblystilbe howesi Fowler 1940. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 59793 (IU 17331) Prodontocharax melanotus Pearson [N. E.], 1924 Lectotype  [Collection database record]
melanotus, Prodontocharax Pearson [N. E.] 1924:36, Fig. 4; Pl. 12 (figs. 1-2) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Tumupasa, 30 miles northwest of Rurrenabaque, Bolivia, elevation about 1000 feet. Lectotype: CAS 59793 [ex IU 17331]. Paralectotypes: (should be 55) CAS 59794 [ex IU 17332] (2), 208888 (28); CAS-SU 17471 (6, 1 c&s); UMMZ 66491 (12). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291]. Lectotype selected by Böhlke 1953:660 [ref. 10330] as lecto-holotype. •Valid as Prodontocharax melanotus Pearson 1924 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:218 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:531 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Netto-Ferreira & Vari 2017:373 [ref. 35453], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298], Bertaco et al. 2023:13 [ref. 40512]). Current status: Valid as Prodontocharax melanotus Pearson 1924. Characidae: Cheirodontinae. Distribution: South America: Beni, Itenez and upper Madre de Dios River basins, upper Madeira basin, Bolivia, Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 11089 Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers [G. S.], 1944 Holotype  [Collection database record]
negrensis, Rhinobrycon Myers [G. S.] 1944:589, Fig. [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 23 (no. 39); ref. 3122] Santa Isabel, Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 11089. Paratypes: CAS 11090 (orig. 30, now 26), CAS-SU 37076 (9), USNM 123038 [ex CAS 11090] (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:37 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers 1944 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:155 [ref. 27061], Baicere-Silva et al. 2011:383 [ref. 31395], Thomaz et al. 2015:Add. 5 [ref. 33893], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:59 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:19 [ref. 39298]). Current status: Valid as Rhinobrycon negrensis Myers 1944. Characidae: Stevardiinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 62221 (IU 13419) Rhoadsia minor Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1914 Holotype  [Collection database record]
minor, Rhoadsia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.] 1914:231 [Indiana University Studies v. 2 (no. 24); ref. 11067] Mindo, Pichincha Province, western Ecuador, elevation 4000 feet (about 1260 meters). Holotype: CAS 62221 [ex IU 13419]. Paratypes: (91) CAS 32457 [ex IU 13420] (95). •Valid as Rhoadsia minor Eigenmann & Henn 1914 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559] as Roadsia minor, Cardoso in Reis et al. 2003:214 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:157 [ref. 34894], Aguirre et al. 2016:555 [ref. 34674], Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892], Reis 2024:269 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Rhoadsia minor Eigenmann & Henn 1914. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: Esmeraldas River basin, Pacific drainage (northwestern Ecuador). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 71099 (IU 12934) Roeboides caucae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922 Holotype  [Collection database record]
caucae, Roeboides Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:160, 162 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Cartago, Colombia. Holotype: CAS 71099 [ex IU 12934]. Paratypes and additional material: CAS 71097 [ex IU 12934] (59); FMNH 56385 (27), 56372-74 (10, 35, 2), 69634 (96), 79755 (128). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:76 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Roeboides dayi (Steindachner 1878) -- (Lucena 2000:24 [ref. 24559], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:205 [ref. 27061], Lucena 2024:271 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Roeboides dayi (Steindachner 1878). Characidae: Characinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 71123 (IU 12950) Roeboides magdalenae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922 Syntype  [Collection database record]
magdalenae, Roeboides Eigenmann [C. H.] 1922:160, 161 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Soplaviento, Colombia. Syntypes: FMNH [ex CM 5202] (?); CAS 71123 [ex IU 12950] (35). Additional material: CAS 71100 [ex IU 12949] (42), 71120-21 [ex IU 12952-53] (4, 12), CAS 71122 [ex IU 12957] (7); FMNH 56386-56395 [ex CM 5202-5210] (210) (but not 5202 which are types). Type catalog: Henn 1928:70 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:77 [ref. 12367] but footnote indicated only 2 lots are types; most FMNH lots are other material. •Synonym of Roeboides dayi (Steindachner 1878) -- (Lucena 2000:24 [ref. 24559], Lucena & Menezes in Reis et al. 2003:205 [ref. 27061], Lucena 2024:271 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Roeboides dayi (Steindachner 1878). Characidae: Characinae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 25228 Stethaprion innesi Myers [G. S.], 1932 Holotype  [Collection database record]
innesi, Stethaprion Myers [G. S.] 1932:149, fig'd [The Aquarium v. 1 (no. 6); ref. 12369] Lower Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 25228. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291]. Appeared first as above, then in more detail in Myers 1933:604 [ref. 12370]. •Synonym of Stethaprion crenatum Eigenmann 1916 -- (Reis 1989:55 [ref. 14219], Reis in Reis et al. 2003:210 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Stethaprion crenatum Eigenmann 1916. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not based on type
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 57616 (IU 10158) Tetragonopterus alleni Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.], 1907 Holotype  [Collection database record]
alleni, Tetragonopterus Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:126, Pl. 40 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Corumba, río Otuquis, Ascunción, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 57616 [ex IU 10158]. Paratypes: CAS 57617 [ex IU 10159] (1), 57619 [ex IU 10161] (2), 57618 [ex IU 10160] (1); FMNH 52634 [ex IU] (1); ZMB 17010-11 and 13 (2, 1, 1), 23604 (2). •Valid as Ctenobrycon alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Britski et al. 1999:36 [ref. 24147], Benine & Cassati in Reis et al. 2003:126 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:25 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Benine et al. 2010:59 [ref. 31067], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], Bertaco et al. 2016:413 [ref. 34561] as cf. alleni). •Valid as Astyanax alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1052 [ref. 26511], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:258 [ref. 26608], Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Casciotta et al. 2003:332 [ref. 27401], Mirande et al. 2004:220 [ref. 27659], Mirande & Koerber 2015:23 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35267]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax alleni (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Paraguay River basin: Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 44415 (IU 05496) Tetragonopterus heterorhabdus Ulrey [A. B.], 1894 Syntype  [Collection database record]
heterorhabdus, Tetragonopterus Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:610 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Pará, Brazil [probably the outskirts of Belém]. Syntypes: (several) CAS 44415 [ex IU 5496] (9), 44416 [ex IU 5500] (6); CAS-SU 2174 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291]. Species was also described as new in Ulrey 1895:286 [ref. 12371]. •Valid as Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey 1894) -- (Zarske & Géry 1998:20 [ref. 23983], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928] as cf. heterorhabdus, Lima & Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:137 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2004:36 [ref. 28039], García-Alzate et al. 2008:48 [ref. 29671], García-Alzate et al. 2008:140 [ref. 29919], García-Alzate & Román-Valencia 2008:15 [ref. 30008], García-Alzate et al. 2010:39 [ref. 30724], García-Alzate et al. 2010:55 [ref. 30716], García-Alzate et al.2010:801 [ref. 30824], García-Alzate et al. 2011:709 [ref. 31266], García-Alzate et al. 2013:861 [ref. 32692], Barriga Salazar 2014:107 [ref. 35745], Lima et al. 2014:177 [ref. 33535], Marinho et al. 2014:263 [ref. 33372], Sarmiento et al. 2014:184 [ref. 35004], García-Alzate et al. 2015:223 [ref. 33855], Dagosta et al. 2016:258 [ref. 34377], García-Alzate et al. 2017:126 [ref. 35253], Moreira & Lima 2017:133 [ref. 35562], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774] as gr. heterorhabdus, Faria et al. 2020:282 [ref. 37838], Faria et al. 2021:1 [ref. 38179], Koerber et al. 2022:34 [ref. 39235]). Current status: Valid as Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey 1894). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon River basin (eastern Pará to the rio Curuá-Una basin and rio Cupari drainage, Tapajós River basin), Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 39222 (IU 11520) Tetragonopterus lineatus Perugia [A.], 1891 Syntype  [Collection database record]
lineatus, Tetragonopterus Perugia [A.] 1891:644 [44] [Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova (Serie 2) v. 10; ref. 3431] Cáceres (formerly Villa María), Río Paraguay, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: ?CAS 39222 [ex IU 11520] (1), MSNG 9233 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:183 [ref. 10343]. On p. 44 of separate. •Valid as Astyanax lineatus (Perugia 1891) -- (Miquelarena et al. 1997:67 [ref. 23469], Gómez & Chebez 1996:50 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:37 [ref. 24147], Azpelicueta et al. 2002:1053 [ref. 26511] as linneatus, Almirón et al. 2002:8 [ref. 26720], Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:110 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:23 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:333 [ref. 27401] as linneatus, Azpelicueta et al. 2003:11 [ref. 27696], Menni 2004:77 [ref. 28131], Miquelarena & Menni 2005:669 [ref. 28391], Mirande et al. 2006:58 [ref. 28784], Mirande 2010:519 [ref. 31006], Sarmiento et al. 2014:183 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:24 [ref. 35117], Koerber 2016:142 [ref. 35012], Koerber et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35267], da Graça et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35556], Oliveira et al. 2017:179 [ref. 35587], Careaga et al. 2020:75 [ref. 37774]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax lineatus (Perugia 1891). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: La Plata River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 2167 Tetragonopterus santaremensis Ulrey [A. B.], 1894 Syntype  [Collection database record]
santaremensis, Tetragonopterus Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:611 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (10) CAS-SU 2167 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291]. Species was also described as new in Ulrey 1895:283 [ref. 12371]. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061], Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:288 [ref. 40817]). Characidae. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 49907 Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman [S. H.], 1957 Holotype  [Collection database record]
boehlkei, Thayeria Weitzman [S. H.] 1957:391, Fig. 1 [Aquarium Journal v. 28 (no. 11); ref. 11960] No definitive locality [aquarium specimen]. Holotype: CAS-SU 49907. Paratypes: CAS-SU 49908 (5), 49909 (1, c&s). •Valid as Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman 1957 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:10 [ref. 9708], Lima & Moreira in Reis et al. 2003:157 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:508 [ref. 31006], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:185 [ref. 35004], Moreira & Lima 2017:146 [ref. 35664], see DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[11] [ref. 35679], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:20 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:36 [ref. 39235], Moreira 2024:282 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Thayeria boehlkei Weitzman 1957. Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon basin, Peru, Ecuador, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 16944 Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke [J. E.], 1953 Holotype  [Collection database record]
pectinifer, Thrissobrycon Böhlke [J. E.] 1953:169, Fig. 1 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 5 (art. 2); ref. 593] Upper Rio Negro at Cucuhy, São Antonio, Brazil, about 1°12'N, 66°51'W. Holotype: CAS-SU 16944. Paratype: CAS-SU 16945 (1, stained). •Valid as Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke 1953 -- (Malabarba in Reis et al. 2003:157 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:62 [ref. 35633], Moreira 2024:282 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Thrissobrycon pectinifer Böhlke 1953. Characidae: Characids incertae sedis. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, Colombia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

SU 36486 Xenagoniates bondi Myers [G. S.], 1942 Holotype  [Collection database record]
bondi, Xenagoniates Myers [G. S.] 1942:90, Fig. 1 [Stanford Ichthyological Bulletin v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 3121] Río Amana, 6 kilometers east of Santa Barbara, Monagas state, Venezuela. Holotype: CAS-SU 36486. Paratypes: CAS-SU 36487 (3, now 2), USNM 130641 [ex CAS-SU 36487] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:27 [ref. 12291], Vari & Howe 1991:41 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Xenagoniates bondi Myers 1942 -- (Taphorn 1992:355 [ref. 23654], Pavanelli in Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:527 [ref. 31006], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:52 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35773]). Current status: Valid as Xenagoniates bondi Myers 1942. Characidae: Aphyocharacinae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin and coastal drainages of Venezuela: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences

CAS 62258 (IU 12847) Zygogaster filiferus Eigenmann [C. H.], 1913 Holotype  [Collection database record]
filiferus, Zygogaster Eigenmann [C. H.] 1913:23 [Indiana University Studies No. 18; ref. 1229] Apulo, Colombia. Holotype (unique): CAS 62258 [ex IU 12847]. •Valid as Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann 1913) -- (Buckup in Reis et al. 2003:109 [ref. 27061], Ruiz-C. et al. 2011:48 [ref. 31365], Torres-Mejia et al. 2012:505 [ref. 32312], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:61 [ref. 35633]). Current status: Valid as Astyanax filiferus (Eigenmann 1913). Characidae: Stethaprioninae. Distribution: Magdalena River basin, Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.
Not Illustrated
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© 2001 California Academy of Sciences