melannotus, Chaetodon Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:224 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1253. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:60 [ref. 24282]. Spelled melanotus by authors. See Chaetodon melanotus Cuvier 1831. •Valid as Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801 -- (Burgess 1978:673 [ref. 700], Allen 1980:158 [ref. 22764], Dor 1984:174 [ref. 29757], Ida in Masuda et al. 1984:185 [ref. 6441], Heemstra 1986:629 [ref. 5660], Blum 1989:13 [ref. 37553], Winterbottom et al. 1989:42 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:224 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:220 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:163 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:47 [ref. 25356], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:405 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:152 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:121 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:216 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:224 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:164 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:334 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:739 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:89 [ref. 37268], Pyle in Randall & Lim 2000:623 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:894 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:297 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:166 [ref. 25480], Allen 2000:106 [ref. 25868], Shimizu 2001:32 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:265 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:36 [ref. 25847], Pyle 2001:3243 [ref. 26117], Nakabo 2002:894 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:42 [ref. 26830], Smith et al. 2003:303 [ref. 27125], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S112 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:630 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:117 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:18 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:122 [ref. 27715], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Randall 2005:315 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1292 [ref. 29090], Fricke et al. 2009:72 [ref. 30213], Satapoomin 2009:187 [ref. 30463], Motomura et al. 2010:136 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:93 [ref. 39915], Zuo & Tang 2011:1004 [ref. 32151], Allen & Erdmann 2012:525 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:262 [ref. 32706], Fricke et al. 2014:100 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:54 [ref. 35333], Koeda et al. 2016:8 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:238 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:109 [ref. 36273], Dalleau-Coudert et al. 2019:152 [ref. 40104], Fricke et al. 2019:185 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:83 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 22 [ref. 38321], Dewa et al. 2022:19 [ref. 40001], Heemstra & Heemstra 2022:456 [ref. 39746]). Current status: Valid as Chaetodon melannotus Bloch & Schneider 1801. Chaetodontidae: Chaetodontinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar, Saint Brandon's Shoals (Cargados Carajos) and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Tonga, north to Kagoshima Prefecture (southern Japan), south to Western Australia and New South Wales (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.