pardalis, Monacanthus Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1837:57, Pl. 15 (fig. 3) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] El-Tor, Sinai coast, Egypt, Gulf of Suez, Red Sea. Holotype (unique): SMF 2957. •Valid as Cantherhines [sometimes as Cantherines] pardalis (Rüppell 1837) -- (Hutchins 1977:55 [ref. 2283], Dor 1984:279 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:360 [ref. 6441], Hutchins 1986:884 [ref. 5673], Allen & Swainston 1988:152 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:67 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:462 [ref. 15987], Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro 1990:1063 [ref. 19527], Kuiter 1993:399 [ref. 23929] in Cantherhinus, Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Goren & Dor 1994:73 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:396 [ref. 22896], Lindberg et al. 1997:91 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:242 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:462 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:285 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:592 [ref. 24106], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:30 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:94 [ref. 37268], Hutchins in Randall & Lim 2000:647 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1405 [ref. 25182], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:275 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Hutchins 2001:270 [ref. 25841], Hutchins 2001:47 [ref. 25847], Hutchins 2001:3939 [ref. 26316], Nakabo 2002:1405 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:64 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:650 [ref. 27495], Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:222 [ref. 27510], Parin 2003:S33 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:445 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:634 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1884 [ref. 29098], Randall 2007:479 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:118 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:330 [ref. 31171], Motomura et al. 2010:235 [ref. 31256], Randall 2011:19 [ref. 31468], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1073 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:272 [ref. 32706], Matsuura 2014:11 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:551 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2014:196 [ref. 33932], Koeda et al. 2016:18 [ref. 35354], Fricke et al. 2018:380 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:179 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:327 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:102 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:612 [ref. 37272], Fermon et al. 2022:308 [ref. 39448] misidentified, Hutchins 2022:434 [ref. 40252]). Current status: Valid as Cantherhines pardalis (Rüppell 1837). Monacanthidae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Australia, New Caledonia, Lord Howe Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia). Habitat: marine.