Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Xiphophorus: [ 56 ] records

alvarezi, Xiphophorus helleri Rosen [D. E.] 1960:126, Figs. 19, 20, 23, 32 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 11945] Río Santo Domingo, a tributary of Río Jatate, Río Usumacinta system, Chiapas, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 177304. Paratypes: UMMZ 177305 (1, allotype). Other material: BMNH 1950.12.12.1-2 (2), UMMZ 160727 (2), J. Alvares coll. (16). •Synonym of Xiphophorus helleri Heckel 1848, but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus alvarezi Rosen 1960 -- (Rosen 1979:357 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:62 [ref. 27477], Kallman et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:254 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:17 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:368 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:143 [ref. 36941], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622], Quintana 2024:8 [ref. 41186]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus alvarezi Rosen 1960. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America: Atlantic slope (Guatemala and southern Mexico). Habitat: freshwater.

andersi, Xiphophorus Meyer [M. K.] & Schartl [M.] 1980:148, Figs. 1-2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 60 (nos 3/4) (for 1979); ref. 8688] Río Atoyac at Finca St. Anita near Chico, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: SMF 15118. Paratypes: SMF 15119-21 (1, 1, 1). •Valid as Xiphophorus andersi Meyer & Schartl 1980 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Kallman et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807] dating to 1979, Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:254 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:22 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:371 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:143 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus andersi Meyer & Schartl 1980. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Atoyac basin, Veracruz, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

aurata, Platypoecilus maculatus Stoye [F. H.] 1932:35, Plate 4 [ ref. 34705] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Also in Stoye 1935:51 [ref. 19824]. Described earlier by Schreitmüller 1928:68 [ref. 20640]. Probably based on an aquarist-made variety. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

aurata, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1928:68 [1st. ed.; ref. 20640] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Probably based on an aquarist-made variety. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

birchmanni, Xiphophorus montezumae Lechner [P.] & Radda [A. C.] 1987:191, Figs. 3-5 [Aquaria v. 34 (no. 12); ref. 9181] Río Talol-River Tempoal subsystem of Río Panuco systems, Orizatlán village, Hidalgo, Mexico, elevation 400 meters. Holotype: SMF 21154. Paratypes: SMF 21155-56 (11, 4). •Valid as Xiphophorus birchmanni Lechner & Radda 1987 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:255 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:22 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:372 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:143 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus birchmanni Lechner & Radda 1987. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: highlands of Atlantic slope of Hidalgo, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí and Veracruz (Mexico) endemic. This species hybridizes with X. malinche Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990, forming a hybrid zone in the western part of the range of X. birchmanni. Habitat: freshwater.

brevis, Xiphophorus Regan [C. T.] 1907:65 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 109) (art. 6); ref. 15174] Stann Creek, Belize. Syntypes: BMNH 1890.9.8.18-19 (2). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067] as helleri, Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Meyer 2015:383 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:143 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

carnea, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1928:68 [1st. ed.; ref. 20640] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Probably based on an aquarist-made variety. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

clemenciae, Xiphophorus Álvarez [J.] 1959:69 [Ciencia (Mexico City) v. 19 (nos 4-5); ref. 11974] Cascada Stream, tributary of Río Sarabia, close to junction with Río Coatzacoalcos, 24 kilometers east of Palomares, Oaxaca, Mexico. Holotype: ENCB-IPN P403a. Paratypes: (29) AMNH 28598 (2). •Valid as Xiphophorus clemenciae Álvarez 1959 -- (Rosen 1979:357 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:62 [ref. 27477], Kallman et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:255 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:17 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:374 [ref. 34698], Gómez-González et al. 2014:975 [ref. 37383], Huber 2019:143 [ref. 36941], López-Segovia et al. 2020:111 [ref. 38151], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus clemenciae Álvarez 1959. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper watersheds of southern Gulf of Mexico, Chiapas, Oaxaca and Veracruz (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

continens, Xiphophorus Rauchenberger [M.], Kallman [K. D.] & Morizot [D. C.] 1990:9, Fig. 5 [American Museum Novitates No. 2975; ref. 15688] Río Ojo Frío at El Quince, north of Rascón, Río Gallinas - Río Pánuco drainage, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: AMNH 88335. Paratypes: AMNH 75942 (24). Additional material: AMNH (25 lots, 608). •Valid as Xiphophorus continens Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:256 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:22 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:375 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:144 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus continens Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper Panuco River basin, Atlantic slope of Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

cortezi, Xiphophorus montezumae Rosen [D. E.] 1960:96, Figs. 10, 11, 13, 30 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 11945] Arroyo Matlapa at Comoca, north of Axtla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 177302. Paratypes: UMMZ 177303 (1, allotype). Other material: UMMZ 108602 (21), 108678 (1), 108679 (3), 124174 (4), 124331 (312), 124341 (46), 124353 (55), 124364 (9), 124374 (128), 194958 (53), 196923 (67), 196930 (37). •Synonym of Xiphophorus montezumae Jordan & Snyder 1899, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus cortezi Rosen 1960 -- (Rosen 1979:357 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:54 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Meyer & Schartl 2003:63 [ref. 27477], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:256 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:22 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:376 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:144 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:466 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus cortezi Rosen 1960. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Panuco River basin, Atlantic slope of Hidalgo and San Luis Potosí (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

couchiana, Limia Girard [C. F.] 1859:116 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 27410] Río San Juan at Cadereita and Monterey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Possible syntypes USNM 3507 (2, from Cadereita) not located. Poecilia couchii in an unjustified emendation. •Valid as Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard 1859) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:63 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:353 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266] as cochianus, Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Kallman et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:257 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:378 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:144 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard 1859). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: San Juan River basin, Nuevo Léon, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Extinct in the wild. Habitat: freshwater.

couchii, Poecilia Günther [A.] 1866:347 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] •Unjustified emendation of Limia couchiana Girard 1859. •Synonym of Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard 1859) -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:144 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard 1859). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

cyanellus, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Meinken [H.] 1934:261, Fig. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 45 (no. 14); ref. 13901] Río Pánuco, Mexico. no types known. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:145 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsalis, Platypoecilus variatus Stoye [F. H.] 1932:1, Fig. [The Home Aquarium Bulletin v. 2 (no. 10); ref. 36955] Tampico, Mexico. No types known. Description induced by a miscommunication with C. L. Hubbs, see Stoye 1933:306 [ref. 36956]. •Synonym of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904) -- (Huber 2019:145 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dorsalis, Platypoecilus variatus Stoye [F. H.] 1933:307 [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 44 (no. 18); ref. 36956] Río Canzones, Vera Cruz, Mexico. No types known. Nomen nudum, not available. Not the same as Platypoecilus variatus dorsalis Stoye 1932. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904) -- (Huber 2019:145 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elegans, Xiphophorus Paepke [H.-J.] & Seegers [L.] 1986:175 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 62 (no. 1); ref. 19981] Not available; name in museum catalog included in type catalog by Paepke & Seegers 1986:175 [ref. 19981]. •Species inquirenda in Poeciliidae -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061]). Nomen Nudum. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

evelynae, Xiphophorus variatus Rosen [D. E.] 1960:87, Figs. 1, 4, 7 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 11945] Side branch of the Río Xaltepuztla, Puebla, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 177306. Paratypes: UMMZ 177307 (1, allotype). Other material (or paratypes): UMMZ 124303 (12), 124309 (1), 124312-13 (25, 20), 124317-18 (40, 9), 124321 (17). •Synonym of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904), but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus evelynae Rosen 1960 -- (Rosen 1979:354 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Chen & Borowsky 2004:27 [ref. 27672] doubtfully distinct from variatus, Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:257 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:380 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:145 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus evelynae Rosen 1960. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Tecolutla basin, Puebla and Veracruz, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

gordoni, Xiphophorus Miller [R. R.] & Minckley [W. L.] 1963:538, Figs. 1, 3-5 [Copeia 1963 (no. 3); ref. 5040] Laguna Santa Tecla, about 10 miles south-southeast of El Candido, Cuarto Ciénegas, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 179866. Paratypes: UMMZ 179867 (1, allotype), 179868 (193). •Synonym of Xiphophorus couchianus (Girard 1859), but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:63 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus gordoni Miller & Minckley 1963 -- (Rosen 1979:353 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:105 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:258 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:381 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus gordoni Miller & Minckley 1963. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Cuatro Ciénegas valley, Coahuila, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

guntheri, Xiphophorus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1896:702 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2443] Río Chisoy, basin of Río Usumacinta, Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.26.185 (1), 1894.1.26.193 (1). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848, but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067], as helleri guentheri). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer 2015:382 [ref. 34698] as guentheri, Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hellerii, Xiphophorus Heckel [J. J.] 1848:291, Pl. 8 (figs. 1-3) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 1 (pt 1-5) [1848]; ref. 2069] Orizaba, Mexico [Atlantic]. Syntypes: NMW 60543 (8). •Valid as Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:362 [ref. 22796], Lee et al. 1980:554 [ref. 22416], Paxton et al. 1989:348 [ref. 12442], Page & Burr 1991:234 [ref. 18983], Pethiyagoda 1991:194 [ref. 20075], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Kottelat et al. 1993:91 [ref. 23448], Skelton 1993:281 [ref. 24071] as helleri, McDowall in McDowall 1996:120 [ref. 22909], Rema Devi et al. 1996:140 [ref. 24021], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:126 [ref. 22947], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Fricke 1999:114 [ref. 24106], Keith et al. 1999:94 [ref. 24548], Rema Devi et al. 1999:161 [ref. 24758], Fuller et al. 1999:316 [ref. 25838], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:72 [ref. 25191], Sakai et al. 2001:89 [ref. 25693], Morgan & Gill 2001:349 [ref. 25843], Hutchins 2001:25 [ref. 25847], Skelton 2001:281 [ref. 27406], Allen et al. 2002:367 [ref. 25930], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lim et al. 2002:00 [ref. 28310], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:61 [ref. 27477], Kallman et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27790] as helleri, Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:295 [ref. 28379], Miller et al. 2006:258 [ref. 28615], Hoese & Gates 2006:744 [ref. 28997], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Fricke et al. 2009:32 [ref. 30213], Minckley & Marsh 2009:257 [ref. 31114], Matamoros et al. 2009:15 [ref. 31241] as helleri, Esmaeili et al. 2010:375 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:442 [ref. 31215], Fricke et al. 2011:371 [ref. 31242], Marshall 2011:200 [ref. 31755] as helleri, Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Kottelat 2013:300 [ref. 32989], Larson et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32988], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Barriga Salazar 2014:117 [ref. 35745], Morgan et al. 2014:42 [ref. 36567], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:304 [ref. 34894], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:895 [ref. 34062], McDowall & Stewart 2015:975 [ref. 34275], Meyer 2015:382 [ref. 34698], Koeda et al. 2016:21 [ref. 35367] as heller, Esmaeili et al. 2017:92 [ref. 35254], Bruton et al. 2018:110 [ref. 36373], Esmaeili et al. 2018:75 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:109 [ref. 35805], Robins et al. 2018:234 [ref. 35886], Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:271 [ref. 37983], dos Reis et al. 2020:474 [ref. 38364], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Çiçek et al. 2022:5 [ref. 38985], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[8] [ref. 39245] as helleri, Terán et al. 2022:3 [ref. 39112], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Chan et al. 2023:151 [ref. 40365], Çiçek et al. 2023:470 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:438 [ref. 40625], Koerber et al. 2023:5 [ref. 40368] as helleri, Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Çiçek et al. 2024:341 [ref. 40789], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622], Koerber et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41721], Ntokoane et al. 2024:[10] 324 [ref. 42593], Quintana 2024:8 [ref. 41186] as helleri, Sarmento-Soares et al. 2024:561 [ref. 42662] as helleri, Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:58 [ref. 41258], Freyhof et al. 2025:770 [ref. 42718], Goren 2025:20 [ref. 42464], Iftime & Oţel 2025:45 [ref. 42600] as helleri, Kaya et al. 2025:23 [ref. 42689], Oliveira et al. 2026:8 [ref. 42855]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America: Atlantic slope (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico). IUCN (2019): Least Concern. Introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

immaculatus, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Myers [G. S.] 1922:15 [The aquarium and its denizens; ref. 34713] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. Holotype (unique): AMNH 8109 [not found]. Type specimen designated by Myers 1922:89 [ref. 18467], at which time Myers stated, "It is doubtful if this subspecies is a natural one. It has probably been developed by German aquarists, from whom specimens were secured in 1921." The name is not available (not known to occur in nature (Art. 1a of 1985 edition; less precisely included in 1999 edition in Art. 1.1)) unless it is found to occur naturally. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

jalapae, Xiphophorus Meek [S. E.] 1902:107, Pl. 26 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 3 (no. 6); ref. 2957] Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: FMNH 3724. Paratypes: ?BMNH 1905.12.6.512-520 and 591-600; CAS 22775 [ex IU 10953] (8), 22776 [ex IU 10992] (11); FMNH 3725 (97), 14465 (1), 72586 (13); UMMZ 162464 (10). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067] as helleri, Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer 2015:383 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

kallmani, Xiphophorus Meyer [M. K.] & Schartl [M.] 2003:59, Figs. 2-4 [Zoologische Abhandlungen; Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde in Dresden v. 53; ref. 27477] Estuary zone of a small brook, 1.5 kilometers north of Ojoxapan, Lake Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: MTD F 27815. Paratypes: MTD F 27816 (1), F 27817-19 (3), F 27820-22 (3), F 27823 (1), F 27824-25 (2); SMF 29697 (1). Type catalog: Zarske 2003:28 [ref. 27474]. •Valid as Xiphophorus kallmani Meyer & Schartl 2003 -- (Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:385 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus kallmani Meyer & Schartl 2003. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Lake Catemaco drainage, Veracruz (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

kosszanderi, Xiphophorus Meyer [M. K.] & Wischnath [L.] 1981:130, Figs. 1-3 [Aquaria v. 28 (no. 8); ref. 8441] Arroyo Chapultepec, 7 kilometers northeast of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: SMF 16200. Paratypes: SMF 16201-03 (1, 1, 1). •Valid as Xiphophorus kosszanderi Meyer & Wischnath 1981 -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205]). •A hybrid between Xiphophorus variatus and X. xiphidium -- (Meyer 1983:286 [ref. 34714], Meyer 2015:411 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Hybrid. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

maculatus, Platypoecilus Günther [A.] 1866:350 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 6; ref. 1983] Mexico [Central America]. Syntypes: BMNH 1857.7.31.11-12 (2). See Gordon 1927:259 [ref. 34715] for an account of the various named color forms. •Valid as Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:63 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:356 [ref. 22796], Lee et al. 1980:555 [ref. 22416], Paxton et al. 1989:348 [ref. 12442], Page & Burr 1991:234 [ref. 18983], Pethiyagoda 1991:196 [ref. 20075], Gamboa Pérez 1992:317 [ref. 38704], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Kottelat et al. 1993:91 [ref. 23448], McDowall in McDowall 1996:122 [ref. 22909], Coad 1996:85 [ref. 25304], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:128 [ref. 22947], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Fricke 1999:115 [ref. 24106], Castro et al. 1998:79 [ref. 24271], Rema Devi et al. 1999:161 [ref. 24758], Fuller et al. 1999:317 [ref. 25838], Allen et al. 2002:367 [ref. 25930], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Skelton 2002:172 [ref. 26839], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:63 [ref. 27477], Kallman et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:296 [ref. 28379], Miller et al. 2006:259 [ref. 28615], Hoese & Gates 2006:744 [ref. 28997], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Minckley & Marsh 2009:258 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:443 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Larson et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:300 [ref. 32989], Meyer 2015:387 [ref. 34698], Fricke et al. 2018:109 [ref. 35805], Robins et al. 2018:235 [ref. 35886], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800], Angulo 2021:7 [ref. 38913], Jamaluddin et al. 2022:[8] [ref. 39245], Koerber et al. 2022:77 [ref. 39235], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Chan et al. 2023:151 [ref. 40365], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:219 [ref. 40377], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Alharti et al. 2024:7 [ref. 41725] as Xiphiphorus maculatus, Çiçek et al. 2024:342 [ref. 40789], Escobar Camacho et al. 2024:8 [ref. 40892], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622], Quintana 2024:8 [ref. 41186], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:58 [ref. 41258], Freyhof et al. 2025:771 [ref. 42718], Iftime & Oţel 2025:45 [ref. 42600], Kaya et al. 2025:23 [ref. 42689]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America, Central America: Atlantic slope (Mexico, Belize and Guatemala). Introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

malinche, Xiphophorus Rauchenberger [M.], Kallman [K. D.] & Morizot [D. C.] 1990:10, Fig. 7 [American Museum Novitates No. 2975; ref. 15688] Río Clara at Tlatzintla, River Pánuco drainage, Hidalgo, Mexico. Holotype: AMNH 88336. Paratypes: AMNH 88338 (284, published as 266), UMMZ 223206 [ex AMNH 88338] (9). Additional material: AMNH (4 lots, 271). •Valid as Xiphophorus malinche Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:259 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:390 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:148 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]), Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus malinche Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Pánuco River drainage, Hidalgo, Querétaro and Veracruz, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. This species hybridizes with X. birchmanni Lechner & Radda 1987, forming a hybrid zone in the eastern part of the range of X. malinche. Habitat: freshwater.

marmoratus, Xiphophorus Obregón-Barboza [H.] & Contreras-Balderas [S.] 1988:95, Fig. 2 [Publicaciones biológicas. Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas y Facultat de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. v. 2 (no. 3); ref. 20908] Cascada La Alberca, sw of Múzquiz, road to airport, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 8077. Paratypes: AMNH 47836 (2); TU 157267 [UANL 7275] (2); UMMZ 215479 [ex UANL 7275] (2); UNAL 7275 (orig. 229), 7280 (25), 7285 (29), 7290 (62), 7304 (29), 7397 (5, cleared), 7398 (4, cleared), 7399 (4, cleared), 8052 (17), 8057 (39), 8061 (20), 8069 (15), 8071 (3), 8078 (1, allotype), 8079 (24); USNM 308112 [ex UNAL 7275] (2). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:53 [ref. 20906], Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:5 [ref. 23752], Parenti et al. 1999:18-19 [ref. 24072]. •Valid as Xiphophorus marmoratus Obregón-Barboza & Contreras-Balderas 1988 -- (Parenti et al. 1999:18 [ref. 24072]). •Species inquirenda in Poeciliidae -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Xiphophorus meyeri Schartl & Schröder 1988 -- (Meyer 2015:393 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:148 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus meyeri Schartl & Schröder 1988. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mayae, Xiphophorus Meyer [M. K.] & Schartl [M.] 2002:60, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 13 (no. 1); ref. 26066] Castillo de San Felipe, near hotel Marimonte, Lago de Izabal, Guatemala. Holotype: SMF 28885. Paratypes: SMF 28886 (9). •Valid as Xiphophorus mayae Meyer & Schartl 2002 -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:61 [ref. 27477], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Matamoros et al. 2009:15 [ref. 31241], Meyer 2015:391 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:148 [ref. 36941], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Lardizabal et al. 2025:507 [ref. 42619]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus mayae Meyer & Schartl 2002. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Central America: Atlantic slope (Guatemala and Honduras). IUCN (2020): Least Concern. Habitat: freshwater.

meyeri, Xiphophorus Schartl [M.] & Schröder [J. H.] 1988:312, Figs. 1-2 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 68 (nos 4/6); ref. 16280] Near Múzquiz, Coahuila, Mexico. Holotype: SMF 21192. Paratypes: SMF 21193-95 (1, 1, 1). Plus other material. •Valid as Xiphophorus meyeri Schartl & Schröder 1988 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:55 [ref. 22290], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:260 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:392 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:148 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus meyeri Schartl & Schröder 1988. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: springs in the vicinity of Múzquiz, Coahuila, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Extinct in the Wild. Habitat: freshwater.

milleri, Xiphophorus Rosen [D. E.] 1960:89, Figs. 8-10 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 11945] Small tributary of Laguna Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 177308. Paratypes: UMMZ 177309 (1, allotype). Other material: UMMZ 177310 (241), 184556 (93 or 94). •Valid as Xiphophorus milleri Rosen 1960 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:356 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:260 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:394 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:149 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus milleri Rosen 1960. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: streams tributary to Lago de Catemaco, Veracruz, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

mixei, Xiphophorus Kallman [K. D.], Walter [R. B.], Morizot [D. C.] & Kazianis [S.] 2004:9, Figs. 1A-B, 4B [American Museum Novitates No. 3441; ref. 27790] Tributary to the Rio Cuchara, 16°58.42'N, 95°17.31'W, Rio Aguacatengo drainage, Oaxaca, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 15253. Paratypes: IBUNAM 13100 (10); UANL 15254-55 (1, 1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Xiphophorus mixei Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis 2004 -- (Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:17 [ref. 30398], Meyer 2015:395 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:149 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus mixei Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis 2004. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río del Sol basin, Oaxaca, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

montezumae, Xiphophorus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1899:131, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 2501] Río Verde near Rascon, San Luis Potosi, eastern Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 6145. Paratypes: ANSP 210904 (288, received from SU), 27159 (51, received from SU); BMNH 1900.9.29.158-167 (10); NMW 81679 (57); CAS-SU 7146 (31, 4 c&s), 6194 (105). •Valid as Xiphophorus montezumae Jordan & Snyder 1899 -- (Rosen 1979:357 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Kallman et al. 2004:9 [ref. 27790], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:261 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:23 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:396 [ref. 34698] with date 1900, Huber 2019:149 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus montezumae Jordan & Snyder 1899. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Panuco basin, San Luis Potosi, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

monticolus, Xiphophorus Kallman [K. D.], Walter [R. B.], Morizot [D. C.] & Kazianis [S.] 2004:11, Figs. 1C-D, 4C [American Museum Novitates No. 3441; ref. 27790] Rio Cahuitepec, upper Rio del Sol, Rio Coatzacoalcos basin, Oaxaca, Mexico. Holotype: UNAL 15256. Paratypes: IBUN-AM 13101 (5), UANL 15257 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Xiphophorus monticolus Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis 2004 -- (Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:17 [ref. 30398], Meyer 2015:397 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:149 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2025:suppl. Tab. 1, p. 27 [ref. 42574]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus monticolus Kallman, Walter, Morizot & Kazianis 2004. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper Río del Sol basin, Oaxaca (Mexico) endemic. IUCN (2025): Not Assessed. Habitat: freshwater.

multilineatus, Xiphophorus Rauchenberger [M.], Kallman [K. D.] & Morizot [D. C.] 1990:15, Fig. 13 [American Museum Novitates No. 2975; ref. 15688] Río Coy near confluence with Río Tampaón, Río Pánuco drainage, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: AMNH 88337. Paratypes: AMNH 45322 (85, 6 c&s). Additional material: AMNH (6 lots, 214). •Valid as Xiphophorus multilineatus Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807] as mutilineatus, Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:261 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:399 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:149 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:469 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus multilineatus Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Coy, Río Panuco basin, San Luis Potosí, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

nezahualcoyotl, Xiphophorus Rauchenberger [M.], Kallman [K. D.] & Morizot [D. C.] 1990:6, Fig. 4 [American Museum Novitates No. 2975; ref. 15688] Arroyo Gallitos, 0.5 kilometers west of Gallitos, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Holotype: AMNH 88334. Paratypes: AMNH 75845 (orig. 30), ?UMMZ 223205 [ex AMNH 75845] (4). Additional material: AMNH (22 lots, 1070). •Valid as Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:262 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:401 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:150 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus nezahualcoyotl Rauchenberger, Kallman & Morizot 1990. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper tributaries of Río Panuco basin, San Luis Potosí and Tamaulipas, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

nigra, Platypoecilus Brind [W. L.] 1914:22 [Domesticated fish; ref. 21099] Mexico. No types known. Described earlier as a variety by Gerlach 1912:677 [ref. 34711]. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigra, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Gerlach [G.] 1912:677, Fig. 1 [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 23 (no. 42); ref. 34711] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Can be based on an aquarist-made variety or a natural one. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrensis, Xiphophorus pygmaeus Rosen [D. E.] 1960:100, Figs. 10, 11, 14, 15, 31 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 11945] Nacimiento del Río Choy, San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 177301. Paratypes: LSUMZ 6264 (1), 6265 & 6388 (6); UMMZ 202825 (now 25). •Synonym of Xiphophorus pygmaeus Hubbs & Gordon 1943, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus nigrensis Rosen 1960 -- (Rosen 1979:356 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:262 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:403 [ref. 34698], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus nigrensis Rosen 1960. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Choy, Río Panuco basin, San Luis Potosí, Atlantic Slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

pseudomontezumae, Xiphophorus Ahl [E.] 1938:53, Figs. 1-2 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 3-4); ref. 17128] Mexico [?]. Holotype: ZMB 21083 (spec. in Fig. 1, dry). Paratypes: ZMB 21083 (1, dry). Type catalog: Paepke & Seegers 1986:175-176 [ref. 19981] as syntypes. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:95 [ref. 21847]. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Gordon 1938:21 [ref. 36222], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). •Species inquirenda in Poeciliidae -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061]). •Hybrid of Xiphophorus hellerii x Xiphophorus maculatus or possibly Xiphophorus hellerii x Xiphophorus variatus -- (Kallman & Atz 1967:118 [ref. 36224]). Hybrid. Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

pulchra, Platypoecilus Brind [W. L.] 1914:22, Fig. [Domesticated fish; ref. 21099] Mexico. No types known. Appeared as Platypoecilus pulchra (Boul.). Probably not an original description. Described earlier as a variety by Schreitmüller 1910:759 [ref. 34712]. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

pulchra, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1910:759, Fig. [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 21 (no. 47); ref. 34712] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Appeared as Platypoecilus maculatus var. pulchra (Boul. in litt.). There is no description of Boulenger for this species. Could be based on an aquarist-made variety or a natural one. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:150 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pygmaeus, Xiphophorus Hubbs [C. L.] & Gordon [M.] 1943:31, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Copeia 1943 (no. 1); ref. 10860] Río Axtla of Río Panuco system, at Axtla, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 124365. Paratypes: UMMZ 108601 (1), 124366 (orig. 173, now 168, 5 c&s); USNM 214158 (29); ZMA [ex UMMZ] 109800 (5). Additional material: UMMZ 196924 [? ex UMMZ 12430] (1). Type catalog: Nijssen et al. 1982:72 [ref. 19236]. •Valid as Xiphophorus pygmaeus Hubbs & Gordon 1943 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:356 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:263 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:111 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:405 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus pygmaeus Hubbs & Gordon 1943. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper Pánuco River basin, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

rachovii, Xiphophorus Regan [C. T.] 1911:373 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 8) v. 8 (no. 45); ref. 5762] Porto Barrios between Lake Yzabal [Izabal] and Río Motagua, eastern coast of Guatemala. Syntypes: BMNH 1911.8.14.4-8 (6). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067], as helleri, Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Meyer 2015:383 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

reticulata, Xiphophorus helleri var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1928:65 [1st. ed.; ref. 20640] Aquarium specimen. No types known. Based on an aquarium variety, not available. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

roseni, Xiphophorus Meyer [M. K.] & Wischnath [L.] 1981:133, Figs. 4-6 [Aquaria v. 28 (no. 8); ref. 8441] Arroyo Cahpultepec, 7 kilometers northeast of Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: SMF 16204. Paratypes: SMF 16205-06 (1, 1), 16207 (1). •Valid as Xiphophorus roseni Meyer & Wischnath 1981 -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061]). •A hybrid between X. couchianus and X. variatus -- (Meyer 1983:287 [ref. 34714], Meyer 2015:409 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941]). Hybrid. Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

rubra, Platypoecilus var. Stansch [K.] 1914:196, Fig. [Die exotischen Zierfische in Wort und Bild; ref. 19661] Mexico (aquarium import). No types known. Mentioned earlier as a variety of Platypoecilus maculatus by Stansch 1911:404 [ref. 34710] and Gerlach 1912:677 [ref. 34711]. •Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubra, Platypoecilus Brind [W. L.] 1914:22 [Domesticated fish; ref. 21099] Mexico. No types known. Probably described earlier as a variety by Stansch 1914:196 [ref. 19661]. Named with Stanch [sic] as author. Not an original description. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:468 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

rubra, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Stansch [K.] 1911:404, Fig. [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 8 (no. 28); ref. 34710] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Originally as Platypoecilus maculatus, rote Varietät (var. rubra?). Nomen nudum, not available. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

rubra, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Gerlach [G.] 1912:677, Fig. 2 [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 23 (no. 42); ref. 34711] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Mentioned earlier by Stansch 1911:404 [ref. 34710]. Nomen nudum, not available. Could be based on an aquarist-made variety or a natural one. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:151 [ref. 36941]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

sanguinea, Platypoecilus maculatus var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1928:68 [1st. ed.; ref. 20640] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Probably based on an aquarist-made variety. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061], Huber 2019:147 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

sanguinea, Platypoecilus maculatus Stoye [F. H.] 1932:35 [ ref. 34705] Aquarium specimen, locality unknown. No types known. Also in Stoye 1935:51 [ref. 19824]. Not an original description, described earlier by Schreitmüller 1928:68 [ref. 20640]. Probably based on an aquarist-made variety. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:574 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther 1866). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

sanguinea, Xiphophorus helleri var. Schreitmüller [W.] 1928:65 [1st. ed.; ref. 20640] Aquarium specimen. No types known. Based on an aquarium variety, not available. •In the synonymy of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Huber 2019:146 [ref. 36941]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae.

signum, Xiphophorus helleri Rosen [D. E.] & Kallman [K. D.] 1969:5, Figs. 1A, 2A, 3, 4A, 5-7 [American Museum Novitates No. 2379; ref. 7841] Río Semococh, tributary of Río Chajmaic, 15 kilometers by road south of Sebol, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Holotype: AMNH 27675. Paratypes or additional material: AMNH 27671 (413, 2 c&s), 27677-78 (18, 551); UMMZ 187935 (205), 187941 (441), 187951 (305). •Valid as Xiphophorus signum Rosen & Kallman 1969 -- (Rosen 1979:364 [ref. 22796], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061], Meyer & Schartl 2003:61 [ref. 27477], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Meyer 2015:407 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:152 [ref. 36941], Barrientos et al. 2023:274 [ref. 41235], Quintana 2024:8 [ref. 41186]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus signum Rosen & Kallman 1969. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Central America: Río de la Pasion basin, Alta Verapaz, Atlantic slope (Guatemala) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.

strigatus, Xiphophorus Regan [C. T.] 1907:65 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 19 (no. 109) (art. 6); ref. 15174] Veracruz and Oaxaca, southern Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1906.6.1.374-376 (3). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848, but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:66 [ref. 7067] as helleri). •Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848 -- (Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:573 [ref. 27061], Meyer 2015:383 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:152 [ref. 36941], Fricke et al. 2024:467 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Xiphophorus hellerii Heckel 1848. Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Habitat: freshwater.

variatus, Platypoecilus Meek [S. E.] 1904:146, Pl. 10 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 5; ref. 2958] Valles, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: FMNH 4501. Paratypes: FMNH 4449 (40), 4461 (6), 4471 (24), 4486 (18), 4501-02 (1, 10), 14360-61 (5, 1), 14435-36 (4, 3), 72570 (3). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:67 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904) -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:64 [ref. 7067], Rosen 1979:353 [ref. 22796], Lee et al. 1980:556 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:234 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:56 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Fuller et al. 1999:319 [ref. 25838], Morris et al. 2001:69 [ref. 25123], Sakai et al. 2001:89 [ref. 25693], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061], Chen & Borowsky 2004:27 [ref. 27672], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:296 [ref. 28379], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Miller et al. 2006:263 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Minckley & Marsh 2009:258 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:443 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:997 [ref. 33194], Meyer 2015:408 [ref. 34698], Robins et al. 2018:237 [ref. 35886], Huber 2019:152 [ref. 36941], Chan et al. 2023:151 [ref. 40365], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:470 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Atlantic slope from Tamaulipas south to Veracruz (Mexico). Introduced elsewhere, including regions parts in Mexico. Habitat: freshwater.

xiphidium, Platypoecilus Hubbs [C. L.] & Gordon [M.] in Friedman & Gordon 1934:447, Fig. 1 [American Naturalist v. 68 (no. 718); ref. 36954] Río Corona at La Corona, 15 miles north of Ciudad, Victoria, Río Soto la Marina system, Tamualipas, Mexico. Lectotype: UMMZ 97573. Paralectotypes: UMMZ 108663 (164), plus other specimens at UMMZ. As nomen nudum in Gordon 1932:287 [ref. 22232]. Lectotype selected by Rosen 1960:83 [ref. 11945]. •Synonym of Xiphophorus variatus (Meek 1904), but a valid subspecies -- (Rosen & Bailey 1963:65 [ref. 7067]). •Valid as Xiphophorus xiphidium (Hubbs & Gordon 1934) [author often seen as Gordon 1932] -- (Rosen 1979:354 [ref. 22796], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:57 [ref. 22290], Rodriguez 1997:674 [ref. 23266], Meyer & Schartl 2002:59 [ref. 26066], Lucinda in Reis et al. 2003:575 [ref. 27061], Nelson et al. 2004:106 [ref. 27807], Lucinda & Reis 2005:44 [ref. 29205], Scharpf 2007:24 [ref. 30398], Page et al. 2013:112 [ref. 32708], Meyer 2015:411 [ref. 34698], Huber 2019:152 [ref. 36941], Page et al. 2023:148 [ref. 40505], Fricke et al. 2024:471 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Valid as Xiphophorus xiphidium (Hubbs & Gordon 1934). Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae. Distribution: Southern North America: upper Soto La Marina River drainage, Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, Atlantic slope (Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater.