carpio, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:320 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.139 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:212 [ref. 13434]. •Valid as Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758 -- (Kner 1864:79 [ref. 39513], Starostin 1945:131 [ref. 40406], Berg 1949:831 [ref. 20661], Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:521 [ref. 6363], Ovchynnyk 1967:33 [ref. 37559], Chen & Huang 1977:411 [ref. 8497], Mai 1978:31 [ref. 13511], Lee et al. 1980:152 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:10 [ref. 22348], Villa 1982:110 [ref. 36708], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:95 [ref. 9277], Cadwallader & Backhouse 1983:161 [ref. 25473], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:58 [ref. 6441], Wang 1984:14 [ref. 22951], Kuang in Kuang et al. 1986:139 [ref. 26639], Lelek 1987:132 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:233 [ref. 37734], Robison & Buchanan 1988:176 [ref. 23393], Paxton et al. 1989:216 [ref. 12442], Smith 1986:121 [ref. 22186], Pequeño 1989:40 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:334 [ref. 25598], McAllister 1990:59 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:79 [ref. 24089], Allen & Coates 1990:56 [ref. 25561], Page & Burr 1991:64 [ref. 18983], Pethiyagoda 1991:63 [ref. 20075], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:184 [ref. 20764], Coad 1991:17 [ref. 15702], Liu in Pan et al. 1991:225 [ref. 23876], Wu & Wu 1992:516 [ref. 21205], Allen et al. 1992:298 [ref. 21400], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:161 [ref. 22809], Skelton 1993:188 [ref. 24071], Kottelat et al. 1993:35 [ref. 23448], La Rivers 1994:449 [ref. 23389], Ding 1994:414 [ref. 21531], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:272 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Baxter & Stone 1995:66 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:75 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:59 [ref. 23394], Zhu 1995:98 [ref. 25213], Sato 1995:48 [ref. 25531], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Brumley in McDowall 1996:101 [ref. 22909], Rainboth 1996:82 [ref. 22772], Gómez & Chebez 1996:57 [ref. 23791], Haro et al. 1996:6 [ref. 25004], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Sigler & Sigler 1996:70 [ref. 25943], Mettee et al. 1996:179 [ref. 25836], Cheng & Zhou 1997:184 [ref. 26385], Kottelat 1997:56 [ref. 22952], Murdy et al. 1997:84 [ref. 23144], Kim 1997:156 [ref. 24032], Kim 1997:508 [ref. 24032], Vu & Nguyen 1997:26 [ref. 26438], Takahashi et al. 1997:42 [ref. 24971], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:737 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:92 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Sato et al. 1998:30 [ref. 24972], Manimekalan 1998:434 [ref. 24989], Scott & Crossman 1998:407 [ref. 24570], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Sverlij et al. 1998:42 [ref. 27632], Fricke 1999:84 [ref. 24106], Fuller et al. 1999:67 [ref. 25838], Hay et al. 1999:42 [ref. 40428], Kullander et al. 1999:107 [ref. 23689], Mizuno et al. 1999:5 [ref. 25311], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296], Dyer 2000:89 [ref. 26678], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:72 [ref. 25191], Luo & Yue in Yue 2000:410 [ref. 25272], Lyons et al. 2000:47 [ref. 26594], Nakabo 2000:253 [ref. 25086], Rafique 2000:324 [ref. 25220], Tsigenopoulos & Berrebi 2000:172 [ref. 25489], Matsuura et al. 2000:78 [ref. 26000], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26178], Hutchins 2001:21 [ref. 25847], Kottelat 2001:45 [ref. 25780], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Sakai et al. 2001:87 [ref. 25693], Tang et al. 2001:13 [ref. 25373], Wang et al. 2001:163 [ref. 26566], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Kim & Park 2002:52 [ref. 25913], Allen et al. 2002:361 [ref. 25930], Ross et al. 2001:152 [ref. 25978], Choi et al. 2003:157, 501 [ref. 26218], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:125 [ref. 27816], Bailey et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27882], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:100 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:176 [ref. 27995], Hanel & Lusk 2005:268 [ref. 28804], Hammer et al. 2012:66 [ref. 32389], Khalaf 2013:5 [ref. 37897]). •Valid as Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758, sometimes as subspecies carpio Linnaeus 1758 -- (Zheng et al. 1989:231 [ref. 21202], Barus et al. in Bănărescu & Paepke 2002:115 [ref. 25856], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Skelton 2001:188 [ref. 27406], López et al. 2002:63 [ref. 26808], Moyle 2002:172 [ref. 26449], Nakabo 2002:253 [ref. 26001], Hanel 2003:53 [ref. 27894], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], López et al. 2003:9 [ref. 27366], Mirza 2003:12 [ref. 27265], Rafique et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27173], Seegers et al. 2003:34 [ref. 28087], Yadav 2003:9 [ref. 27711], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:61 [ref. 28183], Hammer & Walker 2004:91 [ref. 28129], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Menni 2004:71 [ref. 28131], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:151 [ref. 28379], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:168 [ref. 28369], Allen et al. 2006:346 [ref. 29004], Kottelat 2006:30 [ref. 28831], Fricke et al. 2007:39 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:147 [ref. 29996], McPhail 2007:72 [ref. 31199], Shrestha 2008:63 [ref. 29923], Allen et al. 2008:195 [ref. 30265], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:165 [ref. 31251], Fricke et al. 2009:23 [ref. 30213], Minckley & Marsh 2009:179 [ref. 31114], Coad 2010:175 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:369 [ref. 33391], Matsunuma et al. 2010:82 [ref. 31558], Page & Burr 2011:154 [ref. 31215], Fricke et al. 2011:355 [ref. 31242], Marshall 2011:119 [ref. 31755], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708], Gurung et al. 2013:4882 [ref. 32969], Kottelat 2013:94 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:991 [ref. 33194], Barriga Salazar 2014:104 [ref. 35745], Esmaeili et al. 2015:120 [ref. 35030], Litz & Koerber 2014:6 [ref. 33622], Parin et al. 2014:74 [ref. 33547], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Barbieri et al. 2015:51 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:144 [ref. 35151], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:70 [ref. 34894], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:870 [ref. 34062], McDowall & Stewart 2015:314 [ref. 34241], Mirande & Koerber 2015:10 [ref. 35117], Pietsch & Orr 2015:19 [ref. 34694], Bertaco et al. 2016:435 [ref. 34561], Koeda et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35333], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492], Nión et al. 2016:26 [ref. 35565], Petry et al. 2016:300 [ref. 34966], Esmaeili et al. 2017:46 [ref. 35254], Labatos 2017:3 [ref. 36239], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Esmaeili et al. 2018:26 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:59 [ref. 35805], Kuiter 2018:99 [ref. 36369], Robins et al. 2018:85 [ref. 35886], Ćaleta et al. 2019:153 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Ng et al. 2019:523 [ref. 36606], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:26 [ref. 36599], Zhang et al. 2019:346 [ref. 36699], Bayçelebi 2020:752 [ref. 37964], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:248 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:68 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:330 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[4] [ref. 37535], Quynh et al. 2020:142 [ref. 38778], Reis et al. 2020:456 [ref. 38364], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[10] [ref. 37627], Angulo 2021:15 [ref. 38913], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080], Bayhan 2021:242 [ref. 40683], Guo 2021:469 [ref. 38617], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Love et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39279], Rodrigues-Silva et al. 2021:151 [ref. 38097], Wada et al. 2021:36 [ref. 38521], Al-Faisal et al. 2022:1401 [ref. 39565], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Tudu et al. 2022:43 [ref. 40484], Angulo et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40676], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:3 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:8 [ref. 40740], Chan et al. 2023:135 [ref. 40365], Chen et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40668], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:458 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:14 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:363 [ref. 40625], Çiçek et al. 2023:152 [ref. 40728], Dyldin et al. 2023:[11] [ref. 40328], Jamandre 2023:165 [ref. 40455], Loureiro et al. 2023:177 [ref. 40506], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:356 [ref. 40348], Page et al. 2023:66 [ref. 40505], Saad et al. 2023:19 [ref. 40501], Shumka et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40747], Çiçek et al. 2024:144 [ref. 40789]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758. Cyprinidae: Cyprininae. Distribution: Western Europe [native to Black Sea basin, possibly also Caspian and Aral seas basins]. Widely introduced worldwide, also many multicolor varieties. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.