maculatus, Balistes Bloch [M. E.] 1786:25, Pl. 151 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 2; ref. 465] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Lectotype: ZMB 5904 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: ZMB 4140-41 (1, 2). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:49 [ref. 24282]. On p. 22 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 5 [ref. 21381]. Lectotype selected by Paepke 1999:49 [ref. 24282]. Canthidermis is feminine, so the correct spelling is maculata. •Valid as Canthidermis maculata (Bloch 1786) -- (Berry & Baldwin 1966:460 [ref. 20607], Moore 1967:695 [ref. 22820], Tortonese 1973:642 [ref. 7192], Kyushin et al. 1977:352 [ref. 19756], Fedoryako 1979:986 [ref. 8721], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:467 [ref. 14275], Dor 1984:275 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:359 [ref. 6441], Robins & Ray 1986:302 [ref. 23100], Smith & Heemstra 1986:878 [ref. 5714], Dennis & Bright 1988:12 [ref. 39782] as maculatus, Harmelin-Vivien & Quéro 1990:1058 [ref. 19527], Boschung 1992:181 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:265 [ref. 23827], Kuiter 1993:392 [ref. 23929], Allen & Robertson 1994:294 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:73 [ref. 25356], Bussing in Fischer et al. 1995:908 [ref. 22829], Cervigón 1996:77 [ref. 24489], Allen & Robertson 1997:834 [ref. 41086] as maculatus, Gill & Randall et al. 1997:27 [ref. 22948], Santos et al. 1997:113 [ref. 23531], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:66 [ref. 24545], Larson & Williams 1997:374 [ref. 23967], Lindberg et al. 1997:64 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:240 [ref. 23977], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:629 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:137 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:281 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:579 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:345 [ref. 25013], Johnson 1999:754 [ref. 25471], Matsuura in Randall & Lim 2000:647 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1401 [ref. 25182], Matsuura 2001:3924 [ref. 26315] as maculatus, Shimizu 2001:46 [ref. 25799], Nakabo 2002:1401 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:447, 691 [ref. 26218] as maculatus, Collette et al. 2003:126 [ref. 26784], Matsuura 2003:1969 [ref. 27119], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S123 [ref. 27377] as maculatus, Myers & Donaldson 2003:649 [ref. 27495] as maculatus, Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:108 [ref. 27192] as maculatus, Matsuura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:219 [ref. 27510], Parin 2003:S33 [ref. 28536], Randall et al. 2004:31 [ref. 27624] as maculatus, Nelson et al. 2004:184 [ref. 27807], Mundy 2005:523 [ref. 28379] as maculatus, McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:897 [ref. 28815], Allen et al. 2006:1872 [ref. 29098] as maculatus, Béarez & Séret 2009:151 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:116 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:232 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1062 [ref. 31980] as maculatus, Page et al. 2013:189 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:136 [ref. 32972], Larson et al. 2013:232 [ref. 32988] as maculatus, Sahayak et al. 2014:57 [ref. 37752], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:86 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:12 [ref. 33516], Matsuura 2014:7 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:550 [ref. 33547], Fricke et al. 2014:192 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:332 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:34 [ref. 34324], Matsuura in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3055 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:450 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:110 [ref. 35333], Nión et al. 2016:55 [ref. 35565] as maculatus, Motomura et al. 2017:230 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:377 [ref. 35805], Brown et al. 2019:182 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:228 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:321 [ref. 36673], Reiner 2019:303 [ref. 38139], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2020:172 [ref. 37680], Kim et al. 2020:197 [ref. 39118], Matsunuma et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37727], Psomadakis et al. 2020:607 [ref. 37272] as maculatus, Ray & Mohapatra 2020:104 [ref. 37299], Sonoyama et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37637], Akaike et al. 2021:31 [ref. 38809], Kim et al. 2021:226 [ref. 39117], Love et al. 2021:223 [ref. 39279], Parenti 2021:653 [ref. 38921], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:693 [ref. 38945], Fujiwara et al. 2022:93 [ref. 39094], Fermon et al. 2022:309 [ref. 39448], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:17 [ref. 39607], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:293 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Matsuura 2022:419 [ref. 40250], Moazzam & Osmany 2022:332 [ref. 39925], Bagley et al. 2023:324 [ref. 41241], Carvalho-Filho 2023:278 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:170 [ref. 40505], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:425 [ref. 40816], Abe et al. 2024:11 [ref. 41435]). Current status: Valid as Canthidermis maculata (Bloch 1786). Balistidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, Red Sea, South China Sea, East China Sea, Sea of Japan). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.