Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Iniistius: [ 55 ] records

aneitensis, Novacula Günther [A.] 1862:176 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 4; ref. 1969] Aneiteum Island, Vanuatu, southwestern Pacific. Syntypes: BMNH 1860.7.18.18 (1), 1861.5.31.62 (1). •Valid as Xyrichtys aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:64 [ref. 6419], Randall et al. 1990:340 [ref. 15987], Francis & Randall 1993:122 [ref. 20996], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:310 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:340 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268] as Xyrichthys a., Randall & Cornish 2000:21 [ref. 24435], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1011 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:371 [ref. 25191], Allen 2000:114 [ref. 25868], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1011 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:379 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:391, 392 [ref. 26445] misspelled anietensis on p. 391, Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:49 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:418 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:439 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1396 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Randall 2007:349 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916], Allen & Erdmann 2024:753 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: East Africa (Tanzania), Maldives and Chagos Archipelago east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Samoa, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia) and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

auropunctatus, Iniistius Randall [J. E.], Earle [J. L.] & Robertson [D. R.] 2002:94, Figs. 1-4 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 2); ref. 26622] Ua Pou, bay on north side, west side of bay, Marquesas Islands, depth 16 meters. Holotype: BPBM 38681. Paratypes: AMS I.40875-001 (1); BPBM 9094 (1), 38904 (5); CAS 214225 (1); MNHN 2001-1184 (1); NSMT-P 61086 (1); ROM 72559 (1); USNM 365690 (1). •Valid as Iniistius auropunctatus Randall, Earle & Robertson 2002 -- (Randall 2005:418 [ref. 28239], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius auropunctatus Randall, Earle & Robertson 2002. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Marquesas Islands. Habitat: marine.

bakunawa, Iniistius Sorgon [K. E. S.], Tea [Y.-K.], Meren [J. C.] & Nañola [C. L., Jr.] 2023:512, Figs. 1-4 [Raffles Bulletin of Zoology v. 71; ref. 40451] Loay fish market, Bohol, Philippines. Holotype: PNM 15676. Paratypes: (8) AMS, CSIRO, KAUM-I, PNM, USNM. •Valid as Iniistius bakunawa Sorgon, Tea, Meren & Nañola 2023. Current status: Valid as Iniistius bakunawa Sorgon, Tea, Meren & Nañola 2023. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: Panay, Cebu, Bohol and Jolo, the Philippines and Dampier Archipelago, Western Australia. Habitat: marine.

baldwini, Hemipteronotus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:192 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50644. Paratypes and possible paratypes: AMNH 2290-91 (2); ANSP 24219-20 (1, 1), 28107-08 (1, 1); BPBM 1696-97 (1, 1); CAS 1495-96 (1, 1), 17719 [ex IU 10331-32] (2), 79639 [ex IU 10551-52] (2); FMNH 3961-62 (1, 1); MCZ 28898-99 (1, 1); USFC 2713-14 (2) ? now USNM; CAS-SU 7462 (now 10); USNM 50645 (1), 55359 (4), 126581 [ex USBF 1129] (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:116 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Xyrichtys baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:374 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:393 [ref. 26445], Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:350 [ref. 30952], Randall & Jonsson 2008:180 [ref. 31037], Ho & Shao 2011: 50 [ref. 31432], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], DiBattista et al. 2015:20 [ref. 35706] as cf. baldwini, Allen & Erdmann 2024:753 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western and central Pacific: Vietnam, Taiwan, Japan, New Guinea, American Samoa, Line Islands, Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.). Habitat: marine.

bimaculatus, Xyrichthys Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1829:43, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [Atlas zu der Reise im nördlichen Africa. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3843] Bay of Massawa, Eritrea, Red Sea. Syntypes: SMF 180 (2), MNHN A-3685 (1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:109 [ref. 19171]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Xyrichtys bimaculatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Dor 1984:210 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:55 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:291 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:200 [ref. 23922], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Satapoomin 2009:226 [ref. 30463], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:689 [ref. 31980], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:73 [ref. 37020], Psomadakis et al. 2020:526 [ref. 37272], Mohanty et al. 2021:506 [ref. 38154], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916], Allen & Erdmann 2024:754 [ref. 40796], Golani & Fricke 2026:152 [ref. 42831]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Persian Gulf east to Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

brevipinnis, Iniistius Randall [J. E.] 2013:10, Fig. 6 [Journal of the Ocean Science Foundation v. 7; ref. 32688] Eastern Cape, off Port Edward, 31°06.463'S, 30°14.657'E, South Africa, depth 46 meters. Holotype (unique): SAIAB 87705. •Valid as Iniistius brevipinnis Randall 2013 -- (Parenti & Randall 2018:18 [ref. 35964], Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius brevipinnis Randall 2013. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Southwestern Indian Ocean: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa) north to southern Mozambique. Habitat: marine.

cacatua, Iniistius Waite [E. R.] 1901:41, Pl. 7 [Records of the Australian Museum v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 14772] Lord Howe Island, 31°33'S, 159°05'E, western Pacific. Holotype (unique): AMS I.4498. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

caeruleopunctatus, Hemipteronotus Yu [M.-J.] 1968:129, Fig. 54 [Biological Bulletin Department of Biology College of Science Tunghai University Ichthyol. Ser. No. 4; ref. 19775] Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Holotype: THUP 03187 (now at NMMBP). Paratypes: THUP 03388 (more than 40) (now at NMMBP). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]. Originally as caeruleo-punctatus. •Synonym of Xyrichtys verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

carneoflava, Novacula (Xirichthys) Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:843 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1876; ref. 3454] Dana Island [Ndana Island, Fiji]. Holotype: ZMB 9502. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

celebica, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1856:61 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1 (6); ref. 352] Makassar, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3). •Valid as Xyrichtys celebicus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Kuiter 2010:382 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius celebicus (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:395 [ref. 26445], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:419 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:343 [ref. 28867], Randall 2007:351 [ref. 30952], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:690 [ref. 31980], Koeda et al. 2016:77 [ref. 35333], Allen & Erdmann 2024:754 [ref. 40796], Motomura & Sato 2025:4 [ref. 42055]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius celebicus (Bleeker 1856). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western and Central Pacific: Sulawesi (Indonesia) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Cook Islands, north to Kyushu (Japan), south to Middleton Reef (Australia), Chesterfield Islands and Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia). Habitat: marine.

cyanifrons, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:46 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Puducherry, India. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-6261 (2). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:110 [ref. 19171]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Xyrichthys cyanifrons Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:41 [ref. 27712], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Randall & Victor 2022:218 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: India. Habitat: marine.

cyanirostris, Xirichthys Guérin-Méneville [F. E.] 1829-38:27, Pl. 43 (fig. 3) [Iconographie du Règne animal de G. Cuvier IV, Poissons; ref. 18162] Puducherry, India. Appeared as Xirichthys cyanirostris Cuv. 1837:156, Pl. 50 (fig. 2) [ref. 26488]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

dea, Xirichthys Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1845:171, Pl. 87 [Fauna Japonica Parts 7-9; ref. 4373] Seas of Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D1196 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D1197-98 (2, stuffed), 2334 (1). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:142 [ref. 12876]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Xyrichtys dea Temminck & Schlegel 1845 -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:212 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:63 [ref. 6419], Allen & Swainston 1988:120 [ref. 25477], Kuiter 1993:295 [ref. 23929], Lee & Kim 1996:42 [ref. 25726], Allen 1997:194 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:136 [ref. 26476] with date as 1846, Kuiter 1997:310 [ref. 25488], Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1010 [ref. 25182], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1010 [ref. 26193], Choi et al. 2003:368, 638 [ref. 26218] as Xyrichthys, Park et al. 2007:138 [ref. 36291], Kuiter 2010:375 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel 1845) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Allen et al. 2006:1396 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:690 [ref. 31980], Motomura et al. 2017:184 [ref. 35490], Fukui in Kimura et al. 2018:232 [ref. 36460], Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:1029 [ref. 42393], Sonoyama et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37637], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:247 [ref. 41223], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451], Allen & Erdmann 2024:755 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: Indonesia east to Philippines and Taiwan, north to southern Korea and Japan, south to Queensland, Australia. Habitat: marine.

evides, Hemipteronotus Jordan [D. S.] & Richardson [R. E.] 1909:196, Pl. 72 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 4); ref. 2493] Kaohsiung [Takao], Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 52197 [ex CM 343] (not found in 1996). Paratypes: CAS-SU 21255 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:96 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:45 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]. Type designated in Pl. 72. •Valid as Hemipteronotus evides Jordan & Richardson 1909 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:239 [ref. 19754]). •Valid as Xyrichtys evides (Jordan & Richardson 1909) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:486 [ref. 27969] in Xyrichthys, Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1012 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1012 [ref. 26193], Randall & Jonsson 2008:180 [ref. 31037], Kuiter 2010:375 [ref. 35285]). •Synonym of Xyrichtys baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:394 [ref. 26445], Randall 2007:350 [ref. 30952], Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]). •Valid as Iniistius evides (Joredan & Richardson 1909) -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:691 [ref. 31980], Yoshida et al. 2013:176 [ref. 34464], Hata in Motomura et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38121], Abidin et al. 2024:8 [ref. 42079], Allen & Erdmann 2024:755 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius evides (Jordan & Richardson 1909). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Malaya (Malaysia) east to China and Taiwan, north to Japan. Habitat: marine.

geisha, Xyrichtys Araga [C.] & Yoshino [T.] 1986:75, Fig. 1 [Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory v. 31 (nos 1-2) (art. 5); ref. 8115] Outer margin of Okinawa trough, Japan, depth about 100 meters (from Itoman fish market). Holotype: URM-P 7165. Paratypes: NSMT-P 44107 (1); FAKU 62119-21 [ex SMBL 73428-30] (3). •Valid as Xyrichtys geisha Araga & Yoshino 1986 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1011 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1011 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:380 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius geisha (Araga & Yoshino 1986) -- (Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Aikake et al. 2021:45 [ref. 38441], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:16 [ref. 39607], Wibowo et al. 2025:5 [ref. 41935]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius geisha (Araga & Yoshino 1986). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: northern Sulawesi (Indonesia) north to Okinawa Trough (Japan). Habitat: marine.

gmelini, Hemipteronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:214, 218 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Mers d'Asie [Seas of Asia]. No types known. Unnecessary replacement name for Coryphaena hemiptera Linnaeus 1766. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:255, 261 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

griffithsi, Iniistius Randall [J. E.] 2007:10, Figs. 1-3 [Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity, Bulletin No. 7; ref. 29193] South coast of Mauritius, 0.5 kilometers south of mouth of Riviére des Anguilles, about 1 kilometer offshore from point at 20°31.2'S, 57°33'E, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean, depth 120 meters. Holotype: BPBM 40486. Paratypes: AMS I.43854-001 (1), USNM 388078 (1). Figured specimens (Figs. 2-3) from Madagascar technically are probably paratypes [see addendum] but were not captured. •Valid as Iniistius griffithsi Randall 2007 -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:691 [ref. 31980], Randall 2013:12 [ref. 32688], Fricke et al. 2018:286 [ref. 35805], Randall & Victor 2022:218 [ref. 39916], Allen & Erdmann 2024:755 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius griffithsi Randall 2007. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Madagascar and Mascarenes (Mauritius); probably Christmas Island (Australia). Habitat: marine.

hypospilus, Hemipteronotus Schultz [L. P.] in Schultz et al. 1960:150, Fig. 97 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 202, v. 2; ref. 3972] Makasser Market, Sulawesi, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): USNM 152989. •Synonym of Xyrichtys bimaculatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Randall 1995:290 [ref. 22896] as hypsospilus, Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Xyrichtys twistii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Kuiter 2010:382 [ref. 35285]). •Synonym of Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

immaculata, Novacula Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:75 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5775. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:104 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Fricke 1999:448 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Randall & Victor 2022:219 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

jacksonensis, Novacula Ramsay [E. P.] 1881:198 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2); ref. 18590] Manly Beach, Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Holotype (unique): AMS A.9956. •Valid as Xyrichtys jacksonensis (Ramsay 1881) -- (Kuiter 1993:294 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Johnson 1999:745 [ref. 25471] as jacksoniensis, Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Kuiter 2010:376 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius jacksonensis (Ramsay 1881) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen et al. 2006:1396 [ref. 29095], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Fukui 2018:259 [ref. 36340], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius jacksonensis (Ramsay 1881). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Southwestern Pacific: eastern Australia (Fraser Bay, Queensland to Cape Banks Bay, New South Wales). Habitat: marine.

javanica, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1862:305 [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 13; ref. 16995] Java, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 2342. •Valid as Xyrichtys javanicus (Bleeker 1862) -- (Dor 1984:210 [ref. 29757], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Iniistius javanicus (Bleeker 1862) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830]). •Probably invalid, locality may be incorrect -- (Randall et al. 2008:157 [ref. 29753], Kuiter 2010:369 [ref. 35285]). •Status doubtful -- (Parenti & Randall 2011:37 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Uncertain as Iniistius javanicus (Bleeker 1862). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Red Sea, Indian Ocean: East Africa east to western Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

jenkinsi, Hemipteronotus Snyder [J. O.] 1904:530, Pl. 10 (fig. 19) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 4149] Puako Bay, Hawaii Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50879. •Synonym of Xyrichtys baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:393 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:350 [ref. 30952], Randall & Jonsson 2008:181 [ref. 31037]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

leucozonus, Iniistius Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:54, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6137. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:352 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

liogenys, Hemipteronotus Fowler [H. W.] 1904:539, Pl. 20 (lower fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: ANSP 27730. Paratypes: ANSP 27731-33 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:392 [ref. 26445], Randall 2007:349 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

maculosus, Hemipteronotus Fourmanoir [P.] 1967:268, Fig. 2 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (no. 2); ref. 7961] Vietnam. Holotype: MNHN 1965-0245. Paratypes: (9) IOI and MNHN. •Synonym of Xyrichtys baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius baldwini (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Randall 2007:350 [ref. 30952]). •Synonym of Iniistius evides (Jordan & Richardson 1909) -- (Randall & Jonsson 2008:180 [ref. 31037]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius evides (Jordan & Richardson 1909). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

margaritatus, Xyrichthys Fourmanoir [P.] 1967:267, Fig. 1 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 39 (no. 2); ref. 7961] Vietnam. Holotype: IOI. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys dea Temminck & Schlegel 1845 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius dea (Temminck & Schlegel 1845). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

melanopus, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1857:82 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6624 (2 of 3). •Valid as Hemipteronotus melanopus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Dor & Fraser-Brunner 1977:135 [ref. 21144]). •Valid as Xyrichtys melanopus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Dor 1984:210 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1012 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1012 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:381 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius melanopus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:691 [ref. 31980], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:1030 [ref. 42393], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451], Allen & Erdmann 2024:756 [ref. 40796], Golani & Fricke 2026:152 [ref. 42831]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius melanopus (Bleeker 1857). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Bali (Indonesia) east to Mariana Islands, north to the Philippines, Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands (Japan) and southern Japan. IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

mundicorpus, Iniistius Gill [T. N.] 1862:145 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 14 (nos 3-4); ref. 1662] Cape San Lucas, Baja California, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 7338. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Fricke et al. 2024:552 [ref. 41622]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

naevus, Iniistius Allen [G. R.] & Erdmann [M. V.] 2012:1142, Figs. 1-3 [Reef fishes of the East Indies.; ref. 31980] South Sentinel Island, 10°58.391'N, 92°13.523'E, Andaman Islands. Holotype: WAM P.33445-002. Paratypes: BPBM 41085 (2), P.33445-004 (4). Plus sight records. •Valid as Iniistius naevus Allen & Erdmann 2012 -- (Allen & Erdmann 2012:692 [ref. 31980], Daly et al. 2018:5 [ref. 35897], Parenti & Randall 2018:18 [ref. 35964], Allen & Erdmann 2024:756 [ref. 40796]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius naevus Allen & Erdmann 2012. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indian Ocean: Tanzania; Amirantes (Seychelles); Andaman Islands (India). Habitat: marine.

nigra, Novacula (Iniistius) Steindachner [F.] 1900:176 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 37 (no. 16) (for 21 June 1900); ref. 20498] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): UMB 160 [RK UMB 4635]. Type catalog: Wahlert 1955:325 [ref. 21527]. Species later illustrated and described in detail in Steindachner 1900:505 Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [ref. 14892]; on p. 23 of separate. •Valid as Xyrichtys niger (Steindachner 1900) -- (Dor 1984:211 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:212 [ref. 6441], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Nakabo 2000:1011 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1011 [ref. 26193]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Randall 2005:419 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Mundy 2005:441 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:352 [ref. 30952], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Golani & Fricke 2026:152 [ref. 42831]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

nigromaculatus, Hemipteronotus Herre [A. W. C. T.] 1933:20 [Copeia 1933 (no. 1); ref. 2106] Jolo, Sulu Archipelago, Philippines. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 25513. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys twistii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856) based on current placement of twistii. Current status: Synonym of Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

niveilatus, Xyrichthys Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:194 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50646. Paratypes: AMNH 2292 (1), FMNH 3960 (1), MCZ 28900 (1), CAS-SU 7463 (1), USFC 2715 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:87 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:85 [ref. 12367]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys martinicensis Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:392 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:439 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:349 [ref. 30952], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius aneitensis (Günther 1862). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

opalus, Iniistius Fukui [Y.] 2018:262, Figs. 5-7 [Ichthyological Research v. 66 (no. 2); ref. 36340] North of Port Hedland, Western Australia, Australia, 19°31-32'S, 118°34-35'E, depth 36 meters. Holotype: CSIRO CA 2974. Paratypes: CSIRO, NSMT, NTM, QM, WAM. •Valid as Iniistius opalus Fukui 2018 -- (Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:247 [ref. 41223], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius opalus Fukui 2018. Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Eastern Indian Ocean: Montebello Islands, Western Australia through Northern Territory to Gulf of Carpentaria, northern Queensland (Australia). Habitat: marine.

panamensis, Xyrichthys Fowler [H. W.] 1944:267, Fig. 234 [Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia No. 6; ref. 1448] Ensenada Honda, Pedro Gonzalez, Perlas Islands, Panama. Holotype: ANSP 70246. Paratypes: ANSP 70247 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:117 [ref. 13621]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Questionably a synonym of Hemipteronotus pavoninus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bussing 1987:96 [ref. 21800]). •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

pavo, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:61, Pl. 394 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean; Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Syntypes: MNHN A-9088 to 9089 (1, 1). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:110-111 [ref. 19171]. Genus should have been Xyrichtys. Based on specimens from Mauritius and Réunion, and a drawing by Delisse (Jacques Delisse, 1773-1856, French explorer and botanist). •Valid as Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:211 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:212 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:706 [ref. 5706], Shen & Yeh 1987:63 [ref. 6419], Allen & Swainston 1988:120 [ref. 25477], Winterbottom et al. 1989:57 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:341 [ref. 15987], Francis 1993:165 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:208 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Gomon in Fischer et al. 1995:1225 [ref. 22830], Allen 1997:194 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:310 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:341 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:447 [ref. 24106], Randall 1999:23 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:91 [ref. 37268] as Xyrichthys pavo, Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1011 [ref. 25182], Thomson et al. 2000:184 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:18 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:103 [ref. 26368], Victor et al. 2001:282 [ref. 25613], Hutchins 2001:39 [ref. 25847], Baldwin & McCosker 2001:91 [ref. 25779], Victor et al. 2001:106 [ref. 26031], Westneat 2001:3466 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1011 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:378 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Shibukawa et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:153 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:22 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:155 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:136 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:419 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Allen et al. 2006:1396 [ref. 29095], Randall 2007:12 [ref. 29193], Randall 2007:351 [ref. 30952], Fricke et al. 2009:87 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:193 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:692 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:160 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2014:134 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:7 [ref. 33988], Francis & Duffy 2015:483 [ref. 36161], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:448 [ref. 34668], Fourrière et al. 2016:Suppl. p. 13 [ref. 42488], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:610 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:77 [ref. 35333], Bogorodsky & Randall 2018:[21] 259 [ref. 36492], Fricke et al. 2018:286 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:232 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:158 [ref. 36626], Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:1030 [ref. 42393], Psomadakis et al. 2020:527 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:86 [ref. 37637], Durville et al. 2021:313 [ref. 38802], Kovačić et al. 2021:69 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:177 [ref. 39279], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:247 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:21 [ref. 41326], Randall & Victor 2022:219 [ref. 39916], Page et al. 2023:174 [ref. 40505], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40981], Allen & Erdmann 2024:757 [ref. 40796], Fricke et al. 2024:552 [ref. 41622], Victor et al. 2024:80 [ref. 42021], Motomura & Sato 2025:4 [ref. 42055], Eagderi et al. 2026:125 [ref. 42824], Golani & Fricke 2026:152 [ref. 42831]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to central Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Montague Island (New South Wales, Australia), Lord Howe Island (Australia), northern New Zealand, Kermadec Islands and Society Islands (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of central Baja California (Mexico) south to Panama, including southwestern and central eastern Gulf of California (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador); Mediterranean Sea (Red Sea immigrant). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

pavoninus, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:63 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Hawaiian Islands. No types known. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:112 [ref. 19171]. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Valid as Hemipteronotus pavoninus (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Bussing 1987:96 [ref. 21800]). •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Randall 1986:706 [ref. 5706], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Julidinae. Habitat: marine.

pentadactyla, Coryphaena Linnaeus [C.] 1758:261 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] In India [erroneous, is Indonesia]. Syntypes: UUZM 183 (1). Neotype designation by Fricke 1999:449 [ref. 24106] is invalid; see Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Syntype at UUZM from Åhlander (pers. comm. 4/18/07) -- the Ankarcrona 1741 specimen was taken by Linnaeus from the Academy of Sciences and brought to Uppsala in 1741. •Synonym of the carangid Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:377 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644]). •Valid as the labrid Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Dor 1984:211 [ref. 29757], Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Randall 1986:706 [ref. 5706], Shen & Yeh 1987:65 [ref. 6419], Winterbottom et al. 1989:57 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:341 [ref. 15987], Goren & Dor 1994:56 [ref. 25356], Allen 1997:196 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:341 [ref. 25919], Myers 1999:195 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:448 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1012 [ref. 25182], Westneat 2001:3467 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1012 [ref. 26193], Fricke et al. 2009:90 [ref. 30213], Kuiter 2010:380 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S114 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:635 [ref. 27495], Randall 2005:418 [ref. 28239], Allen et al. 2006:1397 [ref. 29095], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:693 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:126 [ref. 36273], Fricke et al. 2019:233 [ref. 36673], Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:1031 [ref. 42393], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:247 [ref. 41223], Randall & Victor 2022:220 [ref. 39916], Sorgon et al. 2023:518 [ref. 40451], Allen & Erdmann 2024:758 [ref. 40796], Golani & Fricke 2026:152 [ref. 42831]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Philippines, New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) and Vanuatu, north to southern Japan and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Queensland (Australia). IUCN (2010): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

punctulata, Novacula Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:73 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-3448 (2, poor condition). Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:104 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys bimaculatus Rüppell 1829 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829) -- (Randall & Victor 2022:217 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius bimaculatus (Rüppell 1829). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

puniceus, Xyrichthys Richardson [J.] 1846:261 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:216, Pl. 25a [ref. 11606]). Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

quinquemaculata, Coryphaena Shaw [G.] 1803:218 [General zoology or systematic natural history v. 4; ref. 4014] Indian seas. Originally as quinque-maculata. An unneeded new name for Coryphaena pentadactylus of earlier authors. •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

quinquemaculatus, Hemipteronotus Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:214, 215 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] China; Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Original spelling quinque-maculatus. Unnecessary replacement name for Coryphaena pentadactyla Linnaeus 1758. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:255, 256 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •In the synonymy of Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:378 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:741 [ref. 18644] with genus as Hemitripteronotus). •Synonym of Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (authors). •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall & Victor 2022:220 [ref. 39916]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

rajagopalani, Xyrichtys Venkataramanujam [K.], Venkataramani [V. K.] & Ramanathan [N.] 1987:47, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Marine Biological Association of India v. 24 (no. 1-2) [1982]; ref. 20189] Tuticorin Bay, Tamil Nadu, India. Holotype: ? now RMS [Fish Collection Raffles Mus.] LA154. Paratypes: BSRM (3), ?RMS (10). •Valid as Xyrichtys rajagopalani Venkataramanujam, Venkataramani & Ramanathan 1987 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Parenti & Randall 2011:37 [ref. 31299]). •Valid as Iniistius rajagopalani (Venkataramanujam, Venkataramani & Ramanathan 1987) -- (Joe Rowlett pers. commun. 19 July 2018). Current status: Valid as Iniistius rajagopalani (Venkataramanujam, Venkataramani & Ramanathan 1987). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: India. Habitat: marine.

rufa, Novacula Day [F.] 1873:238 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1873 (pt 1) (art. 4) (for 4 Mar. 1873); ref. 18824] Madras, India. Holotype (unique): ZSI 1592. Type catalog: Whitehead & Talwar 1976:161 [ref. 23762]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys cyanifrons Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:48 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius cyanifrons (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

sexmaculata, Novacula Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:72 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mumbai, India. Holotype: MNHN A-9085. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:104 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Randall & Victor 2022:220 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

spilonotus, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1857:83 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (art. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: (2) ?BMNH 1862.2.28.61 (1), RMNH 6624 (2). •Synonym of Hemipteronotus melanopus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Dor & Fraser-Brunner 1977:135 [ref. 21144]). •Synonym of Novacula malanopus Bleeker 1857 -- (Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419]). •Synonym of Xyrichtys melanopus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Valid as Xyrichtys spilonotus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Kuiter 2010:381 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius spilonotus (Bleeker 1857) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius spilonotus (Bleeker 1857). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indonesia and Moluccas to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: marine.

stockumii, Novacula Reuvens [C. L.] 1895:131 [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos. 3-4) (art. 8); ref. 20445] Makasar Strait, Balabalangan Islands, Indonesia. Holotype: RMNH. •Questionably a synonym of Xyrichtys twistii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Questionably a synonym of Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856). Current status: Uncertain as Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indonesia. Habitat: marine.

temporalis, Novacula Regan [C. T.] 1905:392, Pl. 6 (fig. 3) [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 13; ref. 15384] Réunion, western Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MHNG 678.02. Type catalog: Mahnert 1976:474 [ref. 21535], Weber 1998:13 [ref. 32707]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Randall & Victor 2022:219 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

tessellata, Novacula Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-1870. Type catalog: Bauchot 1963:105 [ref. 19171]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Fricke 1999:448 [ref. 24106], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Randall & Victor 2022:219 [ref. 39916]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

tetrazona, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1858:169 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 16982] Boleling, Bali, Indonesia. Syntypes: RMNH 6618 (2). Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1862.2.28.87 (1). •Synonym of Xyrichtys pavo Valenciennes 1840 -- (Dor 1984:211 [ref. 29757], Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:378 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius tetrazona (Bleeker 1858) -- (Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:440 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:352 [ref. 30952], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

trivittatus, Xyrichtys Randall [J. E.] & Cornish [A. S.] 2000:19, Fig. 1 [Zoological Studies v. 39 (no. 1); ref. 24435] Lamma Island, west side, Ha Mei Wan, Hong Kong (from fisherman). Holotype: BPBM 38550. Paratypes: NTUM 7136 (1), USNM 330073 (1). Type catalog: Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Xyrichthys trivittatus Randall & Cornish 2000 -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:216 [ref. 25480], Kuiter 2010:374 [ref. 35285], Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]). •Valid as Iniistius trivittatus (Randall & Cornish 2000) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Yoshida et al. 2013:176 [ref. 34464], Satapoomin in Kimura et al. 2018:233 [ref. 36460], Hata in Motomura et al. 2021:56 [ref. 38121], Abidin et al. 2024:8 [ref. 42079]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius trivittatus (Randall & Cornish 2000). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Western Pacific: eastern Malaya (Malaysia), Vietnam, southern China, Taiwan. Habitat: marine.

twistii, Novacula Bleeker [P.] 1856:381 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 10; ref. 16853] Ternate, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Syntypes: BMNH 1862.2.28.62 (1), 1862.2.28.63 (1). •Valid as Xyrichtys twistii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen et al. 1986:72 [ref. 13818], Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1012 [ref. 25182], Westneat 2001:3403 [ref. 26277], Nakabo 2002:1012 [ref. 26193], Kuiter 2010:382 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Allen & Adrim 2003:50 [ref. 26830], Motomura et al. 2010:168 [ref. 31256], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Allen & Erdmann 2012:693 [ref. 31980], Akhilesh et al. 2012:1 [ref. 32173], Koeda in Koeda & Ho 2019:1032 [ref. 42393], Allen & Erdmann 2024:758 [ref. 40796], Motomura & Sato 2025:4 [ref. 42055]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius twistii (Bleeker 1856). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: India to Andaman Islands, Indonesia and Taiwan north to Kyushu (Japan). Habitat: marine.

umbrilatus, Hemipteronotus Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:53, Fig. 10 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6135. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291] as umbratilatus. •Valid as Xyrichtys umbrilatus (Jenkins 1901) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Kuiter 2010:374 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius umbrilatus (Jenkins 1901) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:399 [ref. 26445], Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Mundy 2005:441 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:353 [ref. 30952], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius umbrilatus (Jenkins 1901). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Hawaiian Islands. Habitat: marine.

verater, Iniistius Jenkins [O. P.] 1901:55, Fig. 12 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 14757] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: CAS-SU 5990 (1 of 2, figured specimen). Paratypes: CAS-SU 5990 (1 of 2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291]. •Synonym of Xyrichtys niger (Steindachner 1900) -- (Parenti & Randall 2000:49 [ref. 24943]). •Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840) -- (Randall & Earle 2002:396 [ref. 26445], Mundy 2005:441 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:352 [ref. 30952]). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pavo (Valenciennes 1840). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.

verrens, Hemipteronotus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1902:354, Fig. 22 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 25 (no. 1289); ref. 2447] Keelung [Keerun], northern Taiwan. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 7134. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:85 [ref. 12291], Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432]. •Valid as Xyrichtys verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Yamakawa in Masuda et al. 1984:211 [ref. 6441], Shen & Yeh 1987:66 [ref. 6419], Chen et al. 1997:136 [ref. 26476], Parenti & Randall 2000:50 [ref. 24943], Westneat in Randall & Lim 2000:630 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1012 [ref. 25182], Nakabo 2002:1012 [ref. 26193], Park et al. 2007:137 [ref. 36291], Kuiter 2010:377 [ref. 35285]). •Valid as Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902) -- (Randall et al. 2002:93 [ref. 26622], Parenti & Randall 2011:35 [ref. 31299], Ho & Shao 2011:50 [ref. 31432], Kim et al. 2020:151 [ref. 39118]). Current status: Valid as Iniistius verrens (Jordan & Evermann 1902). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Distribution: Northwestern Pacific: China and Taiwan north to Korea and southern Japan. Habitat: marine.

virens, Xyrichthys Valenciennes [A.] (ex Parkinson) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1840:47 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 14; ref. 4882] Tahiti, Society Islands. No types known. Original genus should have been Xyrichtys. •See Parenti & Randall 2000:63 [ref. 24943]. •Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (J. E. Randall, pers. comm. 10/19/06). Current status: Synonym of Iniistius pentadactylus (Linnaeus 1758). Labridae: Xyrichtyinae. Habitat: marine.