Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the family or subfamily Serrasalmidae: [ 194 ] records

absconditus, Catoprion Mateussi [N. T. B.], Melo [B. F.] & Oliveira [C.] 2020:12, Figs. 8-12 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 97 (no. 3); ref. 37676] Igarapé do Campo, Rio Jufari, Rio Branco basin, Caracaraí, Roraima, Brazil, 01°03'54"S, 62°07'46"W. Holotype: MZUSP 125764. Paratypes: ANSP, AUM, INPA, LBP, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Catoprion absconditus Mateussi, Melo & Oliveira 2020 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38133], Taphorn et al. 2022:27 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Catoprion absconditus Mateussi, Melo & Oliveira 2020. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: central and eastern Amazon and Essequibo River basins (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

acanthogaster, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:209 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake de Maracaibo, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-1065. •Valid as Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Galvis et al. 1997:39 [ref. 23651], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Mateussi et al. 2018:277 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma acanthogaster (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Lake Maracaibo basin, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

aesopus, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1872:269 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Marañon between mouths of Rio Negro, Brazil and Rio Huallaga, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7914. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621]. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594] as oesopus). •Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

albiscopus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:267, Pl. 12 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Ambyiacu River, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8021. Paralectotypes: ANSP 8014-20 (7), 8022 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:42 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype established by Fowler 1907:475 [ref. 1374]. Appeared first as name only in Cope 1871:55 [ref. 19538]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Taphorn 1992:286 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:280 [ref. 35820], Valdiviezo-Rivero et al. 2020:318 [ref. 37420], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: widespread across the Amazon and Orinoco basins (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

albus, Serrasalmo Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:173, Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Not regarded as a species; should have been "Serrasalmo Cariba, albus..." according to Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937]. Invalid name (as Serrasalmus albus) (Machado-Allison et al. 1991:125 [ref. 22050]). •In the synonymy of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937], Nico 2001:139 [ref. 25828] with comments, Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

altidorsalis, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:22 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Paramaribo, Suriname. Holotype: ZMB 19626. Paratypes: ZMB 32436 [ex ZMB 19626] (8), ZMB uncat. (4); BMNH 1927.6.8.1 (1); SMF 3916 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1924 -- (Géry 1972:192 [ref. 1594], Zarske & Géry 1999:199 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Silvano et al. 2020:159 [ref. 38133], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1924. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers, Amazon basin (Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

altipinnis, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:230, Pl. 643 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8652 [dry]. •Valid as Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus altipinnis (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

altispinis, Serrasalmus Merckx [A.], Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 2000:191, Figs. 3, 4B, 5B, 7B, 8A [Cybium v. 24 (no. 2); ref. 24718] Quarenta Ilhas rapids, Pitinga River, Uatumã basin, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 14.434. Paratypes: INPA 14.349-54 (1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1); MNHN 1997.0113-14 (1, 1), 1997.0116 (1), 1997-0120 (1), 1997-0317 (1); plus additional material. •Valid as Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos 2000 -- (Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altispinis Merckx, Jégu & Santos 2000. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Uatumã River drainage, Amazon basin (Brazil and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

altus, Pygocentrus Gill [T. N.] 1870:93 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 22; ref. 17630] Río Marañon or Río Napo, Amazon system, Peru or Ecuador. Holotype: USNM 21432. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:36 [ref. 19022]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:679 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

altuvei, Serrasalmus Ramírez [M. V.] 1965:1, Fig. (p. 3) [Evencias No. 14; ref. 20769] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65639. Paratypes: AFY 65307 (7); MAC 65627 (7); MBUCV-V-12144 [ex MAC 65641] (1). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez 1965 -- (Jégu et al. 1991:97 [ref. 13589], Taphorn 1992:328 [ref. 23654], Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Machado-Allison 2002:68 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus altuvei Ramírez 1965. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

ancylorhynchus, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:479, Figs. 3b, 4b, 12-14 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Jericoá, Vitória do Xingu, Rio Xingu, Pará, Brazil, 3°21'52.3"S, 51°44'02.7"W. Holotype: MPEG 31014. Paratypes: GEA, INPA, IRSNB, LIA, MNHN, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes ancylorhynchus Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River and Tocantins-Araguaia River basins, Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

animacula, Myloplus Soares [A.], Andrade [M. C.] & Lucinda [P. H. F.] 2023:2, Figs. 1-4 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 31 (no. 4): IEF-1191; ref. 40581] Lagoa da Confusão, Rio Formosa, Tocantins State, Brazil, 10°38'14"S, 49°54'09"W. Holotype: MCP 54912. Paratypes: IDSM, MCT, MNRJ, UNT. •Valid as Myloplus animacula Soares, Andrade & Lucinda 2023. Current status: Valid as Myloplus animacula Soares, Andrade & Lucinda 2023. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: upper and middle Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

anisurus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:27, Fig. 2 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20678. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:205 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917]). •Valid as Metynnis anisurus Ahl 1924 -- (Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis anisurus Ahl 1924. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

antoni, Pygopristis Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1965:[1], Fig. [Evencias No. 17; ref. 17534] Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65635-A. Paratypes: AFY 60315 (15, ?now 14), 65413 (1); MBUCV-V-12143 [ex AFY 60315] (1), MACLPI 65635-B (3), 65636 (8). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:15 [ref. 24196]. On first unnumbered page. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:209 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Taphorn 1992:309 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteum, Mylossoma Ahl [E.] 1928:192, Fig. [Das Aquarium: eine Zeitschrift mit Bildern für Liebhaber, Schulen und Naturfreunde, Berlin 1928 (no. 11); ref. 20506] Amazon River. Syntypes: ZMB 20854 (2). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Appeared first in Ahl 1928 as above, then in Ahl 1929:273 [ref. 15881]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Synonym of Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:280 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma albiscopum (Cope 1872). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

argenteus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:24 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, near de Borin, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20676. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Questionably a synonym of Metynnis altidorsalis Ahl 1924 -- (Géry 1972:192 [ref. 1594]). •Valid as Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1924 -- (Taphorn 1992:254 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:201 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1924. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South Amrica: Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

arnoldi, Myloplus Ahl [E.] 1936:25 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 114 (nos 1/2); ref. 13683] Amazon River. Syntypes: (2) ZMB 20812 (now 1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Myleus arnoldi (Ahl 1936) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus arnoldi Ahl 1936 -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:850 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus arnoldi Ahl 1936. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: Amazon, Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

asterias, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Essequibo River, Guyana. Lectotype: ZMB 3646. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1971.5.10.61-62 (2); ZMB 3645 (1) Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2004:124 [ref. 27829]. •Questionably a synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Valid as Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317]). •Valid as Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Jégu et al. 2003:849 [ref. 27668], Jégu et al. 2004:123, 127 [ref. 27829], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:42 [ref. 33654], Andrade et al. 2016:164 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:169 [ref. 38133], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia and Guyana. Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Myletes Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:74, Pl. 31 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. Lectotype: MHNN 788-A. Paralectotype: MHNN 788-B (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:146 [ref. 21784], Kottelat 1988:84 [ref. 13380]. As Tetragonopterus aureus Spix on plate. Lectotype selected by Mateussi et al. 2018:291 [ref. 35820]. •Valid as Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061] with author as Agassiz, Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:90, 187 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Valdiviezo-Rivero et al. 2020:320 [ref. 37420], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: widespread across the Amazon and Orinoco river basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

aureus, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:72, Pl. 29 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial lakes and rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. •Valid as Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and Guyana rivers (Brazil, Colombia and Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

auriventris, Serrasalmo Burmeister [H. K.] 1861:536 [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near the Quinta [small farm west of city of Paraná right at the bank of the Paraná], Argentina. Holotype (unique): No types known. For English and Spanish translation see Koerber & Litz 2008:4 [ref. 29451]. •See Koerber & Litz 2008:4 [ref. 29451]. •Valid as Serrasalmus auriventris (Burmeiser 1861) -- (Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117]). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

aylan, Myloplus Pereira [V. D.], Ota [R. P.], Machado [V. N.], Collins [R. A.], Ândrade [M.], Garcia-Ayala [J. R.], Jégu [M.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] in Machado, Pereira, Ota, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala et al. 2024:8, Figs. 2-3, 5 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 2): e230095; ref. 41210] Lago do Bento, rio Baraúna, Caracaraí municipality, Roraima, Brazil, 01°15'34.4"N, 60°54'32.4"W. Holotype: INPA 60150. Paratypes: ANSP, BMNH, CIIAP, INPA, MUBIO. •Valid as Myloplus aylan Pereira, Ota, Machado, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala, Jégu, Farias & Hrbek 2024. Current status: Valid as Myloplus aylan Pereira, Ota, Machado, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala, Jégu et al. 2024. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Nanay, Tigre (tributary of Marañon), Branco, Juruá, Jutaí, Purus, Madeira and Uatumã River drainages, western Amazon basin, Peru and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

baratai, Pristobrycon Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:218, Fig. 1 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3630. Paratype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3631 (1). Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:490-491 [ref. 23140]. •Mention -- (Géry 1972:211 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

bidens, Myletes Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:75, Pl. 32 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rivers of equatorial Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-789. Paralectotype: (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:146 [ref. 21784]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1986:98 [ref. 6012]. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Fuller et al. 1999:187 [ref. 25838], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

bidorsalis, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:36 [28] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 28 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in text under Pygocentrus piraya Müller and Troschel. •In the synonymy of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

bilineatus, Pygocentrus Eigenmann [C. H.] 1909:47 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 1222] Aruka River, Guyana. Holotype: FMNH 58075 [ex CM 1072]. Paratypes: (4, CM and IU) CAS 57355-56 [ex IU 11756-57] (1, 2); FMNH 58076 (1). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:73 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908, but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594]). •Not a Pygocentrus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

boekeri, Serrasalmus Ahl [E.] 1931:406, Fig. [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Amazon River. Holotype (unique): ZMB (lost). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Misspelled or emended to boekery in Fowler 1950:379 [ref. 18869]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

brachypomus, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:452, Pl. 22 (fig. 1) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8627. •Valid as Colossoma brachypomum (Cuvier 1818) -- (Zhu 1995:204 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:298 [ref. 23654], Butí & Cancino 1999:72 [ref. 25277] as brachypomum, Fuller et al. 1999:187 [ref. 25838], Loubens & Panfili 2001:52 [ref. 25403], Ross et al. 2001:295 [ref. 25978], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:91, 187 [ref. 35004], Zhang et al. 2016:211 [ref. 34477], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Esmaeili et al. 2018:54 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:172 [ref. 37026], Escobar et al. 2019:[1] [ref. 36745], Ng et al. 2019:529 [ref. 36606], Fu et al. 2021:9571 [ref. 39347], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Taki et al. 2021:241 [ref. 39830], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40667], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Çiçek et al. 2024:268 [ref. 40789], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia and Peru). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

brandtii, Serrasalmo Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:137 [11] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 57008 [or 5708] (2); SMNS 2043 (2); USNM 44964 (1) from Lütken; ZMUC 268, 269, 273, 276a, 278 (1, skel.), 279, 280, 290, 295, 297; ZMB 9195 (2). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588], Vari & Howe 1991:40 [ref. 19022], Fricke 1995:8 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:26 [ref. 29864]. On p. 11 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:237 (and p. XVIII of summary) [ref. 19674]. Authorship sometimes seen as Reinhardt. •Valid as Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken 1875 -- (Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] as brandti, Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Quintela et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40727], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:42 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken 1875. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

calichromus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:18, Fig. 1 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Lago de Faro, Jamunda, lower Amazon, Brazil. Holotype: ZMB 20674. Paratypes: ZMB 32498 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:198 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

calmoni, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:361 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: (several) NMW (apparently lost) •Not a Pygocentrus, type lost -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento 2016:530 [ref. 34727], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers (Guyana, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

camunani, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Giarrizzo [T.] & Jégu [M.] 2013:298, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 32757] Pará, Trombetas basin, rio Erepecuru, upstream of Cachoeira do Chuvisco, 00°59'59"S, 56°04'42"W, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG 23447. Paratypes: Many from INPA, MNRJ, MPC, MPEG, ZUEC. Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu 2013 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:18 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes camunani Andrade, Giarrizzo & Jégu 2013. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: upper Trombetas River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

canterai, Colosoma Devincenzi [G. J.] in Devincenzi & Teague 1942:74, fig. [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo (Serie 2) v. 5 (no. 4); ref. 12268] Río Uruguay, Uruguay. Holotype (unique): apparently lost. Type catalog: Olazarri et al. 1970:3 [ref. 23527], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. Genus should have been spelled Colossoma. •Synonym of Colossoma mitrei (Berg 1895) -- (authors). •Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

careospinus, Pristobrycon Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:69, Fig. 20 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] El Loro lagoon, Río Atabapo, 1 kilometer from San Fernando De Atabapo, Estado Amazonas, Venezuela, 4°00'N, 67°50'W. Holotype (unique): MBUCV-V-8145. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:14 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Pristobrycon careospinus Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:53 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Serrasalmus careospinus (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus careospinus (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

cariba, Serrasalmo Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:216, [173], Pl. 47 (fig. 1) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Apuré and Orinoco rivers, South America. No types known. Name available from plate and caption on p. 216. Description is on p. 173, as "Serrasalmo albus, dorso..."; if albus is regarded as an available name, Fink serves as first reviser selecting cariba (see Fink 1993:669 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus notatus (Lütken 1875) -- (Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838]). •More likely a species of Serrasalmus -- (Nico 2001:139 [ref. 25828]). •Valid as Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:680 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061] with authors as Humboldt & Valenciennes, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633] with authors as Humboldt & Valenciennes, Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Apuré and Orinoco rivers (Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

caribe, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:279 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Orinoco River, Venezuela. No types known. Appeared first as Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821: Pl. 27 (fig. 1). •Valid as Pygocentrus caribe (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654]). •See account of Serrasalmo cariba Humboldt. •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

coccogenis, Serrasalmus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:428, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37870. Paratypes: ANSP 37871-75 (5), FMNH 55906 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:44 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908, subspecies bilineaetus (Eigenmann 1909) -- (Géry 1972:220 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

compressus, Serrasalmus Jégu [M.], Leão [E. L. M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1991:102, Figs. 2 (a-b) [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 13589] Laguna Mocovi, Río Mocovi, Béni Province, Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 1986-0615. Paratypes: MNHN 1986-0616 (9, 1 c&s), 1986-0617 (3), 1986-0618 (1), 1986-0619 (1), 1988-1703 (3), 1988-1704 (1); INPA 1341 (3), 1342 (1), 1343 (1), 1344 (2), 1345 (1), 3327 (3); UTB (Univ. Técnica del Beni, Trinidad) uncat. (6), uncat. (1). •Valid as Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos 1991 -- (Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:57 [ref. 31099], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus compressus Jégu, Leão & Santos 1991. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: middle Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

cuiaba, Metynnis Pavanelli [C. S.], Ota [R. P.] & Petry [P.] 2009:142, Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 7 (no. 2); ref. 30246] Município de Barão de Melgaço and Santo Antônio do Leverger, baía Sinhá Mariana, rio Cuiabá, rio Paraguai basin, 16°20'20"S, 55°54'10"W, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 100626. Paratypes: MCZ 168058 (1), 168059 (1); MZUSP 100627 (6); NUP 2055 (2), 2933 (1), 3276 (1), 4782 (5), 5211 (1), 5220 (1), 5264 (2), 5265 (1), 5266 (1), 5268 (1), 5213 (2). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli, Ota & Petry 2009 -- (Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis cuiaba Pavanelli, Ota & Petry 2009. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper portions of rio Paraguai basin (Mato Grosso, central Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

denticulatus, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:371 [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Locality unknown [Guyana]. No types known. •Valid as Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:209 [ref. 1594], Planquette et al. 1996:374 [ref. 22818]). •Valid as Pygopristis denticulatus (Cuvier 1819) -- (Taphorn 1992:312 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640]). •Valid as Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:185 [ref. 38133], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin, northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers; tributaries of lower Amazon (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

discoideus, Myletes Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:30 [22] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] Bananeira, Rio Branco, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntype: NMW 16407 (1, dry). On p. 22 of separate. Name first used in Kner 1858, p. 165 [ref. 18871]. •Synonym of Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

divaricatus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:215 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8629 [dry]. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577]. •Questionably a synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

doidyxodon, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:222 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9868. •Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

dulcis, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:44 [36] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 36 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo spilopleura Kner. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

dungerni, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1925:108 [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1923; ref. 15525] Amazon River at Pará, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 23683. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

duriventris, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 2) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Holotype: MNHN A-9891 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. For information on types see Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061]. Apparently the correct spelling when in Mylossoma is duriventre. •Valid as Mylossoma duriventris (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:286 [ref. 23654], Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Valid as Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:90, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Loureiro et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40506], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguai, lower Paraná and Uruguai basins (Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Uruguay and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

edulis, Myletes Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:68 [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] No distinguishing features provided; for a species from Paraguay. •In the synonymy of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

ehrhardti, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1927:273 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 69 (nos 11/12) (art. 1); ref. 15754] Mundurucú, Rio Manacapuru, Solimões, Amazonas, Brazil. Lectotype: ZMB 23685. Paralectotype: ZMB 32435 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:211 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:25 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Rio Tapajos, Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20677. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1924 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:202 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis argenteus Ahl 1924. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

eigenmanni, Serrasalmus Norman [J. R.] 1929:804, Fig. 16 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Rockstone, Guyana. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1911.10.31.496. Norman mentions only one specimen (type of the species) in the original description. •Valid as Pristobrycon eigenmanni (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu & Santos 2001:136 [ref. 25562]). •Valid as Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman 1929 -- (Géry 1972:224 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:81 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Silvano et al. 2020:191 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:30 [ref. 41297], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus eigenmanni Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers and coastal rivers of northern Brazil (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

ellipticus, Myletes Günther [A.] 1864:375 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.33 (1) Essequibo R., 1971.5.10.63 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu et al. 2004:127, 128 [ref. 27829], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

elongatus, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:167 [7] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. No types known. Possible syntypes: NMW 904 (1), 16240 (1, dry), 16343 (1, day), 16345 (1, dry), 57016 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:44 [36 in separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 12) [ref. 7130]. •Valid as Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:334 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:74 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:187 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

emarginatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:231, Pl. 19 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Not available, name in text under Salmo emarginatus. •Questionably in the synonymy of Serrasalmus aureus gymnogenys (Günther 1864) -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

erythrophthalmus, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:43 [35] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 35 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo aureus Spix; from Rio Vaupe, Matogrosso, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

erythrophthalmus, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Diesing 1836:24 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 18471] Not available, no distinguishing characters mentioned. Mentioned by Kner 1860 in passing under Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae.

esguiceroi, Utiaritichthys Pereira [T. N. A.] & Castro [R. M. C.] 2014:398, Figs. 1-2 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 12 (no. 2); ref. 33385] Mato Grosso State, rio Tapajós drainage, rio Juruena, nearby the município de Sapezal, 12°51’29"S, 58°55’23"W, Brazil. Holotype: LIRP 8184. Paratypes: LIRP 8185 (11, 2 c&s), MCP 46331 (3), MZUSP 109232 (3). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro 2014 -- (Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys esguiceroi Pereira & Castro 2014. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: upper Rio Juruena drainage, Rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

fasciatus, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1931:407, Fig. [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1930; ref. 16255] Rio Capiuru [Capim], Amazon system, Brazil. Holotype (unique): ZMB (not found). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis fasciatus Ahl 1931 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:212 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:181 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:406 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis fasciatus Ahl 1931. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Capiuru River drainage, middle Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

fernandezi, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1965:[1], Fig. [Evencias No. 16; ref. 17535] El Polvero, Río San José, Estado Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 65637. Paratypes: AFY 51249 (2), 55051 (now 0), 65631 (5); MACLPI 65626 (33), 65638 (13); MBUCV-V-15846 [ex AFY 55051] (1). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. On first unnumbered page. •Synonym of Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:80 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

ferox, Serrasalmo Swainson [W.] 1838:254 [The natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, & reptiles, or monocardian animals. v. 1; ref. 4302] Based on Spix, Pl. 28. •Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

filosus, Myletes Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:27 [19] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 19 separate. Not available, name mentioned in synonymy; from Mato Grosso, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

fowleri, Wateina Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:219, Fig. 2 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Santarém, Amazon basin, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3572. Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:498 [ref. 23140]. Genus should have been spelled Waiteina. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

fumarius, Pygopristis Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:95 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana [Guyana]. Syntypes: ZMB 3622 (2), 6252 (2). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:35, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [ref. 3071]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

geryi, Serrasalmus Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1988:248, Pl. 8 [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 16245] Rio Araguaia, Araguacema, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 999. Paratypes: INPA 1000-1001 (3, 3); MNHN 1987-1070 to 1071 (1, 2). •Valid as Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos 1988 -- (Jégu et al. 1991:97 [ref. 13589], Merckx et al. 2000:197 [ref. 24718], Fink & Machado-Allison 2001:10 [ref. 25510], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus geryi Jégu & Santos 1988. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins and upper Paraná River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbosus, Pygopristis Starks [E. C.] 1913:17, Pl. 3 [Leland Stanford Jr. University Publications, University Series; ref. 4197] Market at Pará, Brazil. Holotype: CAS-SU 22226. Paratypes: (several) AMNH 3932 (2), CAS-SU 22222 (9). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:26 [ref. 12291]. The type specimen designated in plate 3. •Synonym of Pristobrycon calmoni (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus calmoni Steindachner 1908. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

gibbus, Serrasalmus Castelnau [F. L.] 1855:71, Pl. 38 (fig. 1) [Animaux nouveaux or rares v. 2; ref. 766] Rio Araguay, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8648 (dry). •Valid as Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau 1855 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gibbus Castelnau 1855. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

goeldii, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1903:147 [Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections v. 45; ref. 1218] Brazil. Lectotype: CAS 70686 [ex. CAS-SU 5205]. Based on Myletes lippincottianus of Ulrey 1895 (not of Cope). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 2008:193 [ref. 29917]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:185 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:195 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

goslinei, Myleus (Paramyloplus) ternetzi Géry [J.] 1972:171, Pl. 4 (figs. 1-2) [Zoologische Verhandelingen (Leiden) No. 122; ref. 1594] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Holotype: RMNH 26467. Paratypes: Géry 0612 (2), Géry 5750 (1), Géry uncat. (1), RMNH 8 lots (35), unknown museum (1), ZMH H1773 (1). Additional material: RMNH uncat. (1), ZMA 104286 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Géry 1972:171 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:164 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868]). •Synonym of Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929 -- (Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gouldingi, Serrasalmus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:58, Figs. 2, 12, 13-14 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Anavilhanas, Río Negro, Brazil, 2°50'S, 61°00'W. Holotype: MZUSP 42363. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20799 (1), MZUSP 42364 (1), UMMZ 217835 (?4 of 8). Other non-type material at MCNG, MAC-PAY, UMMZ. Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:77 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:16 [ref. 29167], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:187 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus gouldingi Fink & Machado-Allison 1992. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

gracilior, Serrasalmo humeralis var. Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:257, Fig. 9 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Syntypes: FMNH 56977 [ex CM 5791] (now 3). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305] as 2 specimens, Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

guaporensis, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:267, Pl. 54 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56913 [ex CM 5729]. Paratypes: FMNH 56914-15 [ex CM 5729, smaller specimens] (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann 1915 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis guaporensis Eigenmann 1915. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Guaporé River drainage, Bolivia and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

gurupyensis, Myleus Steindachner [F.] 1911:342 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 48 (no. 16) (for 28 June 1911); ref. 14816] Rio Gurupi at Chatão, Brazil. Syntypes: (2) NMW 10589 (1). •Valid as Myleus gurupyensis Steindachner 1911 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559]). •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

gymnogenys, Serrasalmo Günther [A.] 1864:371 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Guyana. Syntypes: (3) BMNH 1971.5.10.59 (1) British Guiana [Guyana], 1849.11.8.33 (1) Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. •Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829), but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Pristobrycon aureus (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Ota et al. 2024:423 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus aureus Spix & Agassiz 1829. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

hastatus, Serrasalmus Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 2001:4, Figs. 2-8 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 730; ref. 25510] Rio Branco, Marara beach, Brazil. Holotype: MZUSP 66893. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-29500 (1); MZUSP 66894-96 (7, 2, 1), 66898 (1); UMMZ 238358 (3). •Valid as Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison 2001 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Hubert & Renno 2010:57 [ref. 31099], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hastatus Fink & Machado-Allison 2001. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Negro River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

heinrothi, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:29, Fig. 3 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (?). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20662. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:208 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

herniarius, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 8025. Paralectotype: ANSP 7990 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as hernarius. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:476, Fig. 56 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventris Cuvier 1817 -- (authors). •Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Taphorn 1992:284 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

hollandi, Serrasalmo Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:251, Pl. 48 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Rio Guaporé at Maciél, Brazil. Holotype (unique): FMNH 56978 [ex CM 5792]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:79 [ref. 12367]. A neotype (UMSS 10348) was selected by Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628] without commenting on the existing holotype (FMNH 56978), or proving that the holotype might be lost (also in an electronic publication without ZooBank registration); this neotype designation is therefore invalid. •Valid as Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann 1915 -- (Jégu & Santos 2001:136 [ref. 25562], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:188 [ref. 38133], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus hollandi Eigenmann 1915. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Madeira River basin and ?Guyana rivers (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and ?Guiana). Habitat: freshwater.

humeralis, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:279 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil [evidently in error for Araguaia River, Tocantins basin]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9735. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. See Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] for type locality information. •Valid as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:226 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:39 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:376 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:42 [ref. 33654] as Serrasalmo humeralis, Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:21 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

hypsauchen, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Lectotype: ZMH 2865. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1971.5.10.60 (1); ZMB 3641 (1), 3642 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:156 [ref. 22013]. Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:23 [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1972:190 [ref. 1594]. •Valid as Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:190 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:257 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:173 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:175 [ref. 29917], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:162 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins and northern Guiana Shield rivers (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

immaculatus, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1878:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Peruvian Amazon. Lectotype: ANSP 21503. Paralectotypes: ANSP 21504-05 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:48 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Original genus misspelled Serrasalimo in main heading. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:471, Fig. 54 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

iridopsis, Serrasalmo Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 9 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu [Ampyiacu], Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 7913. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

irritans, Serrasalmo Peters [W. (C. H.)] 1877:472 [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1877; ref. 18538] San Fernando Apure, Venezuela. Holotype (unique): ZMB 10045. •Valid as Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877 -- (Taphorn 1992:337 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:80 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus irritans Peters 1877. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

knerii, Myletes Steindachner [F.] 1881:127 [27], Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Maroni River, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): NMW 56394. On p. 27 of separate. •Valid as Myleus knerii (Steindachner 1881) -- (Géry 1972:169 [ref. 1594], Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35880], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus knerii (Steindachner 1881). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Maroni River basin, French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

kranponhah, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:469, Figs. 1-5, 7-9 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 89 (no. 1); ref. 34140] Cachoeira do Espelho, Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°38'49.9"S, 52°22'54.5"W. Holotype: MPEG 31000. Paratypes: ANSP, GEA, INPA, IRSNB, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes kranponhah Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

latus, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Syntypes: ZMB 3643 (1), 3644 (1). Not available, name in synonymy of Tetragonopterus latus Jardine 1841. •In the synonymy of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

latus, Tetragonopterus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:241 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rivers of Guyana. No types known. Myletes latus Muller & Troschel 1844:97 mentioned by Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 as described as a synonym of Tetragonopterus latus Jardin 1841 -- latus of Muller & Troschel is therefore a name in synonymy and not available; based on specimens mentioned, Jégu placed as a synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). •Synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594]). •Species inquirenda in family Characidae, subfamily Serrasalminae -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:193 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

lebaili, Tometes Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Belmont-Jégu [E.] 2002:26, Figs. 2-5, 7-12 [Bulletin Français de la Pêche et de la Pisciculture v. 364; ref. 26274] Rapids upstream of the Litany River at Antecume Pata village, 3°18'06.4"N, 54°04'54.1"W, Maroni River system, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 2001-2384. Paratypes: MNHN 2000-6038 (2), 2000-6047 (1), 2001-1212 (1), 2001-1213 (1), 2001-1215 (1), 2001-1231 (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu 2002 -- (Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:430 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes lebaili Jégu, Keith & Belmont-Jégu 2002. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: coastal drainages of French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

levis, Myleus Eigenmann [C. H.] & McAtee [W. L.] in Eigenmann, McAtee & Ward 1907:142, Pl. 42 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 4 (no. 2) (art. 7); ref. 1261] Bahia Negra, Paraguay. Holotype (unique): CAS 62107 [ex IU 10156]. •Valid as Myleus levis Eigenmann & McAtee 1907 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907) -- (Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus levis (Eigenmann & McAtee 1907). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

lippincottianus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1870:561, Fig. [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11; ref. 914] Pará, Brazil. Syntype: ?ANSP 8024 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:49 [ref. 13621]. See Planquette et al. 1996:362 [ref. 22818]. •Valid as Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:179 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 186 [ref. 35004], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], Ota et al. 2016:10 [ref. 35002], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Costa et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35684], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Silvano et al. 2020:165 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2023:141 [ref. 40464], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:57 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, northeastern Guiana Shield rivers, and coastal rivers of northern Brazil (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana and Peru). Introduced in southeastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lobatus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:212 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazon River, Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-5244 (1, poor condition), BMNH 1849.11.8.32-33 (2). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:120 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:171 [ref. 38133], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

longidorsalis, Utiaritichthys Jégu [M.], de Morais [L. T.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1992:114, Figs. 1, 7a, 7b, 8 [Cybium v. 16 (no. 2); ref. 19734] Rio Aripuana, 3 kilometers from above the Dardanellos Fall, Madeira basin, 60°40'W, 9°10'S, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 3638. Paratype: INPA 4811 (1). •Valid as Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, de Morais & Santos 1992 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Pereira & Castro 2014:397 [ref. 33385], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys longidorsalis Jégu, de Morais & Santos 1992. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

longipinnis, Metynnis Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2008:175, Figs. 1-2 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Mündung rio Casiquiare -- rio Negro, Venezuela. Holotype and paratype: CAS-SU 54688 (2). The holotype is not identified because of similar size to the paratype. •Valid as Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Géry 2008 -- (Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis longipinnis Zarske & Géry 2008. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro drainage, Venezuela and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

lucienae, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Ota [R. P.], Bastos [D. A.] & Jégu [M.] 2016:572, Figs. 1-4 [Zootaxa 4205 (no. 6); ref. 34960] Rio Carabinani, Novo Airão, Amazonas, Brazil, 2°01'25"S, 61°32'35"W. Holotype: INPA 30717. Paratypes: INPA, MZUEL. •Valid as Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Silvano et al. 2020:175 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus lucienae Andrade, Ota, Bastos & Jégu 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Rio Negro basin, Amazonas (Brazil and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

luna, Metynnis Cope [E. D.] 1878:692 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Amazon River basin, Peru. Holotype (unique): ANSP 21443. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:50 [ref. 13621]. •Valid as Metynnis luna Cope 1878 -- (Géry 1972:189 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:260 [ref. 23654], Zarske & Géry 1999:181 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis luna Cope 1878. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

luna, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:221 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN A-9870 (290 mm SL). Paralectotypes: MNHN A-8632 (1, dry), 2000-0148 [ex A-9870] (3) Cayenne, A-9895 (1, poor condition) Colombia. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26-27 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Géry 1972:163 [ref. 1594]. •Questionably a synonymy of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27829], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

macropomus, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1816:Tome IV, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Le Règne Animal; ref. 993] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8626 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. Name appeared on the Plate. Also described as new in Cuvier 1818:453, Pl. 21 (fig. 3) [ref. 1016]. •Valid as Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Goulding & Carvalho 1982 [ref. 13855], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Loubens & Panfili 1997:1 [ref. 22895], Fuller et al. 1999:182 [ref. 25838], Lasso et al. 2001:95 [ref. 25928], Ross et al. 2001:293 [ref. 25978], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061] dated 1818, Kottelat 2013:215 [ref. 32989], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:88, 186 [ref. 35004], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Miesen et al. 2016:82 [ref. 34492], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Reis et al. 2020:462 [ref. 38364], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Silvano et al. 2020:156 [ref. 38133], Angulo 2021:8 [ref. 38913], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:15 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:17 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Chan et al. 2023:138 [ref. 40365], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco basins, and coastal rivers of northeastern North America (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela). Introduced or raised in Guyana, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Honduras, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Panama, Italy, Southeast Asia and Hong Kong (China). Habitat: freshwater.

macropterus, Mylesinus Ulrey [A. B.] 1894:612 [American Naturalist v. 28 (no. 331); ref. 12356] Brazil. Holotype (unique): CUMV 3267. Species was originally described on a single specimen as above, later described as new based on two specimens in Ulrey 1895:296 [ref. 12371]. •Synonym of Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2020:9 [ref. 37676], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Myletes Kner [R.] 1858:164 [4] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 56396. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1928.1.24.10 [ex NMW] (1); NMW 56408 (1), 56410 (1), 56415 (1). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:176 [ref. 23984]. Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:26 [18 in separate], Pl. 2 (fig. 5) [ref. 7130]. Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] has confused the original genus of this species with the species appearing on p. 166 in Kner 1858. •Valid as Metynnis maculatus (Kner 1858) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Ortega & Vari 1986:8 [ref. 9708], Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], Zarske & Géry 1999:176 [ref. 23984], Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:185 [ref. 29917], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Mirande 2010:473 [ref. 31006], Di Dario et al. 2013:262 [ref. 37503], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis maculatus (Kner 1858). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, ?Paraguay and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 17995. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1928.1.24.10 [ex NMW] (1); ?NMW 57058 (1), NMW 17996 (1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:49 [41 in separate], Pl. 4 (fig. 10) [ref. 7130]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2001:129 [ref. 25562]. •Valid as Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2001:119 [ref. 25562], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Mirande 2010:472 [ref. 31006], Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Dickens 2019:166 [ref. 37135], Azevedo-Santos et al. 2020:5 [ref. 39606], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Silvano et al. 2020:188 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Brandão et al. 2023:143 [ref. 40464], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Giora & Wingert 2023:155 [ref. 41026], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Çiçek et al. 2024:269 [ref. 40789], Ota et al. 2024:425 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:15 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

maculatus, Tomete Amaral Campos [A.] 1944:211, Fig. [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 4 (no. 14); ref. 13164] Amazon River, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MZUSP [ex DZSASP] 3356. Type catalog: Britski 1969:202 [ref. 12401], Oyakawa 1996:497 [ref. 23140]. Original genus should have been spelled Tometes. •Synonym of Myleus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

maculipinnis, Pristobrycon Fink [W. L.] & Machado-Allison [A.] 1992:66, Fig. 19 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 14548] Caño Doyotomoni, tributary of Río Pamoni, 4 kilometers south of the confluence with Río Casiquiare, Venezuela, 2°48'N, 64°54'W. Holotype: MBUCV-V-16421. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-20803 (1), MCNG 21757 (2), UMMZ 219203 (2). Type catalog: Provenzano et al. 1998:14-15 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Pristobrycon maculipinnis Fink & Machado-Allison 1992 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:53 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:180 [ref. 38133]). •Valid as Serrasalmus maculipinnis (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:10 [ref. 37721], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus maculipinnis (Fink & Machado-Allison 1992). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Venezuela and Colombia). Habitat: freshwater.

magallanesi, Serrasalmus Gallo-Cardozo [F.], Maldonado [M.], Careaga [M.] & Carvajal-Vallejos [F. M.] 2024:[7], Figs. 2-3b [Journal of Ichthyology v. 64 (no. 3); ref. 40973] Laguna 27 de Mayo, Beni River subbasin, upper Madeira River system, Amazon basin, Vaca Diez Province, Beni Department, Bolivia, 11°24'6"S, 66°24'43"W. Holotype: UMSS 11070. Paratypes: UMSS. Available from the printed edition. •Valid as Serrasalmus magallanesi Gallo-Cardozo, Maldonado, Careaga & Carvajal-Vallejos 2024. Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus magallanesi Gallo-Cardozo, Maldonado, Careaga & Carvajal-Vallejos 2024. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper Madeira River drainage, western Amazon River basin, Bolivia. Habitat: freshwater.

makue, Tometes Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Belmont-Jégu [E.] 2002:254, Figs. 2, 4 (A-B), 5 (A-C), 6-12, 13 (A), 14-16 [Cybium v. 26 (no. 4); ref. 26654] Downstream of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, rio Negro, Ile d'Acara, Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 7344. Paratypes: INPA 4915-16 (2, 2), 4920 (4); MNHN 2001-2712 [ex INPA 4920] (3). •Valid as Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu 2002 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:297 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes makue Jégu, Santos & Belmont-Jégu 2002. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and upper Negro River and Orinoco River basins, Brazil, Venezuela and Colombia. Habitat: freshwater.

manueli, Pygocentrus Fernández-Yépez [A.] & Ramírez [M. V.] 1967:11, Fig. 4 [Los Caribes (serrasalmidos) de Venezuela y las pesquerias; ref. 21018] Río Paraguaza, Middle Orinoco River, Venezuela. Holotype: MACLPI 57247. Paratypes: MACLPI 57901 (2). •A species of Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez 1967) -- (Machado-Allison 2002:76 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Freeman et al. 2007:16 [ref. 29167], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:189 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus manueli (Fernández-Yépez & Ramírez 1967). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

marginatus, Serrasalmus Valenciennes [A.] 1837:Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] Rio Paraná, Brazil. Syntypes [incorrect]: MNHN A-9734 (3). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. Name available from plate, description in Valenciennes 1847:10 [ref. 5010] as Serrasalme marginatus. Pl. 10 dates to 1837. The figured specimen is the holotype. •Valid as Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes 1837 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Sverlij et al. 1998:22 [ref. 27632] dated 1847, Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] dated 1837, López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:24 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[4] [ref. 40628], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes 1837. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay). Habitat: freshwater.

medinai, Serrasalmus Ramírez [M. V.] 1965:1, Fig. on p. 2 [Evencias No. 15; ref. 20768] El Polvero, Río San José, Guárico, Venezuela. Holotype: MAC 65622. Paratypes: MAC 63604 (1), AFY 63200 (1). •Valid as Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez 1965 -- (Taphorn 1992:331 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:71 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Silvano et al. 2020:189 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus medinai Ramírez 1965. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins (Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

melanogrammus, Metynnis Ota [R. P.], Rapp Py-Daniel [L. H.] & Jégu [M.] 2016:2, Figs. 1-7 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 14 (no. 4) e160023; ref. 35002] Rio Parauari, Monte Sinai community, Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, 4°21'28"S, 57°35'54"W. Holotype: INPA 52216. Paratypes: ANSP 200146 (2); INPA 11804 (1), 18657 (4), 19994 (3), 34811 (2), 37249 (2), 39507 (3), 42313 (1), 46289 (3), 46469 (2), 46472 (1), 52432 (5, 2 skel.); MCNG 12414 (1); MZUEL 15328 (1); MZUSP 119008 (2); NUP 17869 (1). Type catalog: Oliveira et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39255]. •Valid as Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu 2016 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:168 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis melanogrammus Ota, Rapp Py-Daniel & Jégu 2016. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Venezuela and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

melanurus, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] (ex Heckel) 1860:42 [34] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 34 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo maculatus Kner. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:444 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus maculatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

mento, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:369, Pl. 28 (fig. 3) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil [from the Cabinet d'Ajuda, Lisbon]. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9869 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28-29 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819) -- (Géry 1972:207 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:149 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:58 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:87, 186 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Mateussi et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37676], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Catoprion mento (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon, Orinoco and upper Paraguay River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

mesopotamicus, Myletes (Myleus) Holmberg [E. L.] 1887:387 [Boletín de la Academia Nacional de Ciencias de Córdoba v. 10; ref. 27229] Río Uruguay and Río Baradero, afluente del Rio Paraná, Uruguay. Syntypes: (2, whereabouts unknown). Also appeared in Holmberg 1891:193 [ref. 2192]. •Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:188 [ref. 25838], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Mirande 2010:472 [ref. 31006], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Sarmiento et al. 2014:91, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Bertaco & Azevedo 2023:4 [ref. 39997], Bertaco et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40740], Loureiro et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40506], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

micans, Myletes (Tometes) Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt) 1875:137 [11] [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn) 1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Rio Taquarucu, Rio São Francisco system, Brazil. Syntypes: ZMUC 260-261: Rio das Velhas. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. On p. 11 of separate. Also described in Lütken 1875:241 (and p. XVIII of summary) [ref. 19674]. •Valid as Myletes micans Lütken 1875 -- (Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Myleus micans (Lütken 1875) -- (Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus micans (Lütken 1875). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

mitrei, Myletes Berg [C.] 1895:149 [Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires v. 4; ref. 14575] Río Paraná, San Pedro, Argentina. Syntypes: BMNH 1928.1.25.6-7 [ex MACN] (2); MACN 4911 (1), 5690 (1); MHNM. Type catalog: Braga & Piacentino 1994:103 [ref. 23697], Loureiro et al. 2016:412 [ref. 35150]. •Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887) -- (Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838] as metrei, Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg 1887). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

mola, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.] 1903:528 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Holotype: CAS 60784 [ex IU 10049]. Paratypes: FMNH 52575 (1); CAS 60784 [ex IU 10050] (1), ?CAS 70843 [ex IU 10051] (1); ?ZMB 16978-79 (1, 1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:186 [ref. 23984], Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:117 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis mola Eigenmann & Kennedy 1903. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin, Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

nalseni, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1969:unnumbered p. 3 [Evencias No. 23; ref. 21207] Río Uracoa, 9°10'N, 62°27'W, Estado Monagas, Venezuela. Neotype: MBUCV-V-35389. Paratype: MACLPI 68697 (1 of 2 [lost]). Holotype MACLPI 68697 (91.2 mm) is lost. Neotype designated by Machado-Allison et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30953]. •Valid as Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez 1969 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:83 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:122 [ref. 30953], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Ota et al. 2024:426 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus nalseni Fernández-Yépez 1969. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

nattereri, Pygocentrus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Cuiabá and Mato Grosso, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10585-86 (1, 1), ?16167 (1, dry). Also appeared in Kner 1860:36 [p. 28 in separate], Pl. 3 (fig. 8) [ref. 7130] as new. •Valid as Serrasalmus nattereri (Kner 1858) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:239 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791]). •Valid as Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:672 [ref. 20937] with type locality comments, Chang & Ortega 1995:5 [ref. 24302], Fink & Zelditch 1997:179 [ref. 22686], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838], Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:92, 187 [ref. 35004], Bertaco et al. 2016:415 [ref. 34561], Çiçek et al. 2015:149 [ref. 35151], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565] with author as (Kner 1858), Petry et al. 2016:303 [ref. 34966], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Dickens 2019:166 [ref. 37135], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:182 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Çiçek et al. 2022:4 [ref. 38985], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Jamandre 2023:163 [ref. 40455], Loureiro et al. 2023:38 [ref. 40506], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:57 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin, Paraguay-Paraná River basin, northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers and Essequibo River basin (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay). Introduced in southeastern Brazil, Italy, Romania and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater.

neveriensis, Serrasalmus Machado-Allison [A.], Fink [W. L.], López Rojas [H.] & Rodenas [R.] 1993:48, Figs. 4-7 [Acta Biologica Venezuelica v. 14 (no. 4); ref. 20770] Río Querecual, tributary Río Neveri, Querechual, Estado Anzoálegui, Venezuela. Holotype: MBUCV 15439. Paratypes: MBUCV-V-3650 (1), V-3677 (2), V-3736 (1), V-20698 to 702 (1, 1, 2, 3, 2), 20783 (1), V-27936 (4); MHNLS 2108 (5), 2428 (1), 2520 (1). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1998:42 [ref. 23639] but 2520 not mentioned, Provenzano et al. 1998:17 [ref. 24196]. •Valid as Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas 1993 -- (Machado-Allison 2002:73 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus neveriensis Machado-Allison, Fink, López Rojas & Rodenas 1993. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Caribbean coastal rivers of Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

niger, Serrasalmus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:225, Pl. 18 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. No types known. •Valid as Serrasalmus niger Jardine 1841 -- (Géry 1972:239 [ref. 1594]). •In genus Pygocentrus -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:110 [ref. 22050]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricans, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:72, Pl. 30 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Equatorial rivers of Brazil [= lower Amazon basin]. No types known. •Species of Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:670 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Serrasalmus nigricans Spix & Agassiz 1829 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061] with author as Agassiz). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigricauda, Serrasalmo Burmeister [H. K.] 1861:536 [Reise durch die La Plata-Staaten v. 2; ref. 23859] Río Paraná, near Rosario, Argentina. No types known. For English and Spanish translation see Koerber & Litz 2008:5 [ref. 29451]. •See Koerber & Litz 2008:5 [ref. 29451]. •Valid as Serrasalmus nigricauda (Burmeister 1861) -- (Koerber 2011:1 [ref. 31122], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117] dubious taxon). •Species inquirenda -- (Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigripinnis, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1878:693 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 21124. Paralectotype: larger specimen mentioned in original description (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:51 [ref. 13621] as holotype. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:473, Fig. 55 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

nigrolineatus, Myloplus Ota [R. P.], Machado [V. N.], Andrade [M. C.], Collins [R. A.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] 2020:Figs. 1-4 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 18 (no. 1) e190112; ref. 37456] Lago Tracajá, tributary of rio Juma, about 60 km south of Manaus, rio Amazonas basin, Amazonas State, Brazil, 3°41'15"S, 59°57'01"W. Holotype: INPA 54773. Paratypes: INPA. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Myloplus nigrolineatus Ota, Machado, Andrade, Collins, Farias & Hrbek 2020 -- (Silvano et al. 2020:177 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus nigrolineatus Ota, Machado, Andrade, Collins, Farias & Hrbek 2020. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

normani, Acnodon Gosline [W. A.] 1951:43, Pl. 3; Fig. 5b [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 12353] Rio Santa Teresa, a western tributary of upper Rio Tocantins, Goiaz State, Brazil. Holotype: CAS 20223. Paratypes: (17) CAS 20224 (9), UMMZ 144344 (8), USNM 232931 (1). Additional material: CUMV 3272. Type catalog: Vari & Howe 1991:4 [ref. 19022]. •Valid as Acnodon normani Gosline 1951 -- (Géry 1972:203 [ref. 1594], Jégu & Santos 1990:189 [ref. 20145], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon normani Gosline 1951. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

normani, Serrasalmus (Taddyella) Géry [J.] 1964:614, Figs. 4, 5a [Vie et Milieu v. 14 (fasc. 3) [for 1963]; ref. 10056] Suriname. Holotype: ZMH H1601. Paratypes: Géry coll. •Genus Serrasalmus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Géry 1972:226 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:69 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061] dating to 1963, Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

notatus, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Lütken [C. F.] 1875:238 [49] [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1874 (nos 12-16); ref. 17563] Caracas, Venezuela. Syntype: ZMUC 517 (1) Puerto Cabello. Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:45 [ref. 9588]. On p. 49 of separate. •Synonym of Pygocentrus caribe (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Pygocentrus notatus (Lütken 1875) -- (Fuller et al. 1999:189 [ref. 25838]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Fink 1993:684 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

ocellatum, Mylosoma Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:265 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Río Confuso at Villa Hays, Paraguay. Holotype: FMNH 56816 [ex CM 5629]. Paratypes: (19) FMNH 15007-08 (1, 1), 56817 (13). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:58 [ref. 12367]. Originally appeared as new species with doubt. Original genus should have been Mylossoma. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

oculus, Myletes Cope [E. D.] 1872:268, Pl. 12 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 23; ref. 921] Río Ambyiacu, Peru. Lectotype: ANSP 7991. Paralectotypes: ANSP 7992-8010 (19), 16696 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:52 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes. Lectotype selected by Fowler 1907:472 [ref. 1374]. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

odyssei, Serrasalmus Hubert [N.] & Renno [J.-F.] 2010:49, 52 [Evolution of the Neotropical Ichthyofauna; ref. 31099] Rio Itenez, Bella vista, 13°31.1'S, 61°33.2'W, Madeira, Bolivia. Holotype: MNHN 2005-2216. Paratypes: many at MNHN. •Valid as Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno 2010 -- (Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:190 [ref. 38133], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus odyssei Hubert & Renno 2010. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Rio San Martin, Rio Paragá, Rio Beni and Amazon River basins (Bolivia and Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

oligacanthus, Myleus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Suriname. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3635. Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24 [ref. 3071]. •Valid as Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:197 [ref. 1594], Jégu & Santos 1990:189 [ref. 20145], Planquette et al. 1996:360 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon oligacanthus (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: French Guiana, Guyana, Brazil and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

orbicularis, Myletes (Myleus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:364 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Santarem, Pará, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 56428. Paralectotypes: (several) NMW 56429 (14). Lectotype selected by Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

orbignyanum, Colossoma Kochetov [A. M.] 1989:101 [ ref. 34351] No types known. •Probably in the synonymy of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) [RVL]. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

orbignyanus, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:220 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Above Corrientes, Rio Paraná, Brazil. Lectotype: MNHN A-9863 (230 mm SL specimen, stuffed). Paralectotype: MNHN A-9863 (1, same cat.# as Lectotype). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:28 [ref. 19577]. Lectotype selected by Géry et al. 1987:444 [ref. 6001]. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventris (Cuvier 1818), but a valid subspecies orbignyanum (Cuvier 1818) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791]). •Valid as Myletes orbignyanus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

orinocensis, Myletes (Myleus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:365 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Río Orinoco at Cuidad Bolivar, Venezuela. Syntypes: (3) NMW (apparently lost). Types apparently lost (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984]). •Valid as Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner 1908) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:190 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:190 [ref. 29917], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297] as cf. orinocoensis, Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis orinocensis (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

orinoquensis, Piaractus Escobar L. [M. D.], Ota [R. P.], Machado-Allison [A.], Andrade-López [J.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] 2019:415 [5], Figs. 1-3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 95 (no. 2); ref. 36745] Caño Falcón, nearby Camaguan, Laguna La raya, Guárico, Venezuela, 8°07’N, 67°37’W. Holotype: ANSP 163570. Paratypes: ANSP, CRI-EDIHG, ICN-MHN, INPA, MBUCV. •Valid as Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar L., Ota, Machado-Allison, Andrade-López, Farias & Hrbek 2019 -- (Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Cortés Hernández et al. 2023:456 [ref. 40760], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Piaractus orinoquensis Escobar L., Ota, Machado-Allison, Andrade-López, Farias & Hrbek 2019. Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Orinoco River basin (Colombia, Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

otuquensis, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:26 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Bahia Negra, Río Otuquis, Bolivia or Paraguay. Holotype: ZMB 16980 (larger of 2). Paratype: ZMB 32499 [ex 16980] (1) smaller of two specimens; plus IU ? (1) cited in description [not at CAS]. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Metynnis otuquensis Ahl 1924 -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:204 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Pavanelli et al. 2009:141 [ref. 30246], Sarmiento et al. 2014:89, 187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:409 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis otuquensis Ahl 1924. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay and Paraná River basins, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

pachyodus, Myleus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.], Buckup [P. A.] & Netto-Ferreira [A. L.] 2018:[2], Figs. 1-7 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 92 (no. 6); ref. 35880] Rio Teles Pires, Tapajós River basin, Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil, 9°38'01"S, 55°56'01"W. Holotype: MNRJ 35023. Paratypes: CPUFMT, INPA, MNRJ, MZUSP, •Valid as Myleus pachyodus Andrade, Jégu, Buckup & Netto-Ferreira 2018 -- (Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus pachyodus Andrade, Jégu, Buckup & Netto-Ferreira 2018. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: rapids in the Tapajós River drainage, Amazon basin, Pará and Mato Grosso States, Brazil, Habitat: freshwater.

paco, Myletes Humboldt [F. H. A. von] in Humboldt & Valenciennes 1821:175, Pl. 47 (fig. 2) [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Upper Río Marañon, Amazon River basin, Peru. No types known. •See Nico 2001:150 [ref. 25828]. •Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pacu, Myletes Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:236, Pls. 20-21 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Essequibo River, Guyana. No types known. •Valid as Myleus pacu (Jardine 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654] as cf. pacu, Planquette et al. 1996:366 [ref. 22818], Jégu & Santos 2002:52 [ref. 26050], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk). •Species inquirenda in Myleus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Unknown. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

pacu, Salmo Natterer [J.] in Diesing 1841:256 [Annalen des Wiener Museums der Naturgeschichte v. 1 (no. 11); ref. 18472] Not available, no distinguishing characters mentioned. Name spelled paccu on p. 251. •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Piaractus. Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

pacupeba, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:23 [15] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 15 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Myletes rhomboidalis Cuvier; from Maribitanos, Rio Parana, Brazil. •In the synonymy of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •In the synonymy of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:445 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae.

palometa, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:214 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Venezuela. No types known. Based on literature sources -- see Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]. •Synonym of Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061] as Jardine and Schomburgk). •Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817], Machado et al. 2024:22 [ref. 41210]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

palometa, Pygocentrus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:296 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Río Apuré, Río Guerico, Lower Río Orinoco, Venezuela. No types known. •Listed as Pygocentrus palometa Valenciennes 1850, but as a nomen dubium -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Dubium. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraense, Serrasalmo (Serrasalmo) Steindachner [F.] 1908:362 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10587 (1), 57067 (1). •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Uncertain as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraguayensis, Mylosomma Norman [J. R.] 1929:814, Fig. 19 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Río Paraguay. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.17.254-255 (2) Río Paraguay, 1910.5.26.46 (1) San Salvador, 1910.5.26.47-48 (2) Puerto Asir. Original genus should have been Mylossoma. •Valid as Mylosomma paraguayensis Norman 1929 -- (Sverlij et al. 1998:25 [ref. 27632] as Norman 1929, Britski et al. 1999:60 [ref. 24147], López et al. 2003:34 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Mateussi et al. 2018:293 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

paraschomburgkii, Mylesinus Jégu [M.], Santos [G. M. dos] & Ferreira [E.] 1989:53, Pl. 1 [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 22 (no. 1); ref. 17683] Rio Trombetas, downstream of Cachoeira Vira-Mundo, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1226. Paratypes: INPA 1227-28 (1, 5), 1231 (5), 1239-48 (9, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1), 1265 (1); MNHN 1987-1401 to 1405 (3, 1, 2, 3, 1); MZUSP 15890 (1). •Valid as Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu, Santos & Ferreira 1989 -- (Jégu et al. 1992 [ref. 19558], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], Melo et al. 2016:133 [ref. 34701], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paraschomburgkii Jégu, Santos & Ferreira 1989. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: lower Amazon River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

parma, Myletes Günther [A.] 1864:374 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Syntypes: BMNH 1849.11.8.32-33 (2). •Synonym of Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym of Myleus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus lobatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

paucisquamatus, Mylesinus Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1988:332, Pl. 1 [Cybium v. 12 (no. 4); ref. 12838] Jatobal, Rio Tocantins, Brazil. Holotype: INPA 1808. Paratypes: INPA 664 (1), 1809-12 (2, 1, 6, 3); MNHN 1988-1705 to 1707 (2, 4, 1); MZUSP 38831-32 (1, 1). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:483 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos 1988 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus paucisquamatus Jégu & Santos 1988. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

pingke, Serrasalmus Fernández-Yépez [A.] 1951:[1], Fig. on 3rd unnumbered p. [Evencias No. 12; ref. 17533] Río Apure, La Defensa, suroeste de San Fernando de Apure, Estado Apure, Venezuela. Holotype: MHNLS 1021 [not 1903] [ex AFY 51060]. Paratypes: MHNLD 1911 [ex AFY 51072] (1). Type catalog: Lasso et al. 1998:43 [ref. 23639]. On first unnumbered page. Holotype is 1021 according to Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061] on Machado-Allison and Fimk 1996. •Synonym of Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858 -- (Taphorn 1992:334 [ref. 23654] dated 1860, Machado-Allison 2002:74 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:190 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:424 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus elongatus Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

piranha, Serrasalmo Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.] 1829:71, Pl. 28 [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, at Januária, 15°29'37"S, 44°21'25"W, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Reference to Cuvier [1819] as author of this name is in error. As Serrasalmo pirainha on plate. Comments on type locality see Koerber 2021:88 [ref. 38172]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Fink 1993:670 [ref. 20937], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817] with author as Agassiz). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

piraya, Serrasalmus Cuvier [G.] 1819:368, Pl. 28 (fig. 4) [Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (N. S.) (Série A) Zoologie v. 5; ref. 1017] Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8630 [stuffed]. Non-type: MNHN A-8631 (1). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819) -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937], Britski 2001:21 [ref. 26046], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Belei et al. 2012:767 [ref. 39473], Silva et al. 2020:8 [ref. 37809], Ota et al. 2024:421 [ref. 40817], Vieira-Guimarães et al. 2024:57 [ref. 41258]). Current status: Valid as Pygocentrus piraya (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: São Francisco River basin (Brazil). Introduced in Rio Doce (southeastern Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

planquettei, Myloplus Jégu [M.], Keith [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.] 2003:835, Figs. 2-5 [Revue Suisse de Zoologie v. 110 (no. 4); ref. 27668] Maroni River, Twenke, French Guiana. Holotype: MNHN 1997-730. Paratypes: MHNG 2640-26 (1); MNHN 1997-729 (1), 1997-731 (2), 2001-1224 (1), 2001-1225 (1), 2001-1226 (1), 2001-1227 (1), 2001-2345 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Myloplus planquettei Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Myleus planquettei (Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:411 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus planquettei (Jégu, Keith & Le Bail 2003). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Mana and Maroni basins (French Guiana and Suriname), and Essequibo basin (Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

polystictus, Metynnis Zarske [A.] & Géry [J.] 2008:184, Figs. 3-4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 58 (no. 2); ref. 29917] Lagune en bordure du Ribeiro Tuatuari, haut rio Xingu, Brazil. Holotype: IRSNB 833. Paratypes: IRSNB 834-835 (3), 868 (5), 869 (8), 870 (6), 871 (1), 872 (4); MTD F 28486 (1). •Valid as Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Géry 2008 -- (Ota et al. 2016:11 [ref. 35002], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Metynnis polystictus Zarske & Géry 2008. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: upper Xingu River, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

punctatus, Serrasalmus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:223, Pl. 17 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Guyana. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Serrasalmus denticulatus Cuvier 1819 -- (Géry 1972:210 [ref. 1594], Machado-Allison 2002:43 [ref. 27640]). •Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk, Ota et al. 2024:422 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygopristis denticulata (Cuvier 1819). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

rhombeus, Salmo Linnaeus [C.] 1766:514 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Brokopondo, Suriname River, Suriname. Neotype: RMNH 26192. Neotype designated by Géry 1972:229 [ref. 1594]. •Valid as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Géry 1972:227 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Taphorn 1992:340 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:378 [ref. 22818], Fuller et al. 1999:190 [ref. 25838], Merckx et al. 2000:185 [ref. 24718], Nakayama et al. 2001:866 [ref. 25476], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Machado-Allison 2002:69 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Machado-Allison et al. 2009:128 [ref. 30953], Hubert & Renno 2010:58 [ref. 31099], Barriga Salazar 2014:109 [ref. 35745], Ramos et al. 2014:4 [ref. 35321], Sarmiento et al. 2014:93, 187 [ref. 35004], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:45 [ref. 33654], Melo et al. 2016:374 [ref. 35317], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565] with author without parentheses, DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Careaga et al. 2020:76 [ref. 37774], Silvano et al. 2020:190 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:19 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:30 [ref. 41297], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:427 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus rhombeus (Linnaeus 1766). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, northern and eastern Guiana Shield, and northeastern Brazilian coastal rivers (Argentina, Uruguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela) [but not Argentina on ref. 33654]. Habitat: freshwater.

rhomboidalis, Myletes Cuvier [G.] 1818:451, Pl. 22 (fig. 3) [Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris v. 4; ref. 1016] Brazil. Non-types: MNHN 0105 (1) Essequibo, 4423 (1) Amazon, A-9862 (2) Mana R., A-9739 (1) Essequibo; ZMB 3643 (1?) Essequibo. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Myleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:30 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:183 [ref. 1594], Géry et al. 1991:37 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:368 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Myloplus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:419 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Prosomyleus rhomboidalis (Cuvier 1818). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

roosevelti, Metynnis Eigenmann [C. H.] 1915:268, Pl. 55 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (nos 3-4); ref. 1232] Manaus, Brazil. Holotype: FMNH 56925 [ex CM 5740, smallest of 3]. Paratypes: CAS 15285 [ex IU 15285; CM 5738] (1); FMNH 56923-24 (3, 3), 56926 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:69 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:56 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:194 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

rubripinnis, Myletes Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:97 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guyana. Lectotype: ZMB 23686. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1971.5.10.64 (1) Essequibo R.; ZMB 3636-37 (1, 1). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:23 [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2004:125 [ref. 27829]. •Valid as Myleus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Géry 1972:162 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Géry et al. 1991:37 [ref. 21021], Taphorn 1992:281 [ref. 23654], Planquette et al. 1996:370 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Barriga Salazar 2014:108 [ref. 35745], Rodríguez-Barrera et al. 2020:45 [ref. 37800]). •Valid as Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:849 [ref. 27668], Jégu et al. 2004:124, 142 [ref. 27829], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Soares et al. 2023:9 [ref. 40581], Vieira et al. 2023:18 [ref. 40759], Ota et al. 2024:414 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus rubripinnis (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana and Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Brazil; introduced in Puerto Rico (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater.

sanchezi, Serrasalmus (Serrasalmus) Géry [J.] 1964:27, Fig. 22 [Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 1580] "Caño Yarina", on edge of Río Pacaya, tributary of Puinahua Canal, branch of lower Río Ucayali, Peru. Holotype: ZFMK 1216. Paratypes: MHNG 2150.7 (1), ZFMK 1217 (1). Type catalog: Busse 1984:217 [ref. 28342], Herder et al. 2010:118 [ref. 31087]. •Valid as Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry 1964 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus sanchezi Géry 1964. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: western Amazon River basin, Colombia and Peru. Habitat: freshwater.

sauron, Myloplus Pereira [V. D.], Ota [R. P.], Machado [V. N.], Collins [R. A.], Ândrade [M.], Garcia-Ayala [J. R.], Jégu [M.], Farias [I. P.] & Hrbek [T.] in Machado, Pereira, Ota, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala et al. 2024:16, Figs. 6-8 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 22 (no. 2): e230095; ref. 41210] Rio Xingu, below the Tamaracá waterfall, entrance on the right bank of the river, parallel to BR-230, Anapu municipality, Pará, Brazil, 03°07'48"S, 51°36'50"W. Holotype: INPA 40824. Paratypes: INPA, LBP, MNRJ, MUBIO, MZUSP. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Myloplus sauron Pereira, Ota, Machado, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala, Jégu, Farias & Hrbek 2024. Current status: Valid as Myloplus sauron Pereira, Ota, Machado, Collins, Ândrade, Garcia-Ayala, Jégu et al. 2024. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

scapularis, Serrasalmo Günther [A.] 1864:368 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Essequibo River, Guyana. Syntypes: BMNH 1864.1.21.34-36 (3), 1971.5.10.58 (1). •Synonym of Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850), but a valid subspecies -- (Géry 1972:222 [ref. 1594]). •Synonym [of the younger] Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061]). •Valid as Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Mylesinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:235, Pl. 644 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Essequibo River, Guyana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9855 (head). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27-28 [ref. 19577]. Based on a drawing but "underlying" specimen is holotype. •Valid as Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes 1850 -- (Géry 1972:188 [ref. 1594], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:410 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylesinus schomburgkii Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Essequibo and Orinoco River basins (Guyana and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Myletes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:212 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Suriname (?). Possible syntypes: ZMB 3638-39 (1, 1). •Synonym of Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817], Machado et al. 2024:22 [ref. 41210]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

schomburgkii, Tetragonopterus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:243, Pl. 22 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Negro, Barcelos municipality, Brazil, 00°56'56.6"S, 62°55'44.3"W. Neotype: INPA 60149. Neotype designated by Machado et al. 2024:34 [ref. 41210]. •Valid as Myleus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061] with authors as Jardine & Schomburgk). •Valid as Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841) -- (Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Silvano et al. 2020:176 [ref. 38133], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817], Machado et al. 2024:22 [ref. 41210]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus schomburgkii (Jardine 1841). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon and Orinoco River basins, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

schreitmuelleri, Metynnis calichromus Ahl [E.] in Schreitmüller & Ahl 1922:265, Abb. 1 [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 19 (no. 14); ref. 21848] Amazon River, South America. Holotype (unique): ZMB 20664. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. Original as Schreitmülleri. Also in Ahl 1923:19 [ref. 19929]. •Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:196 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:190 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:407 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis hypsauchen (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

schulzei, Myloplus Ahl [E.] 1938:191 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 124 (no. 7); ref. 17129] South America (specific locality unknown). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20814. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Valid as Myloplus schulzei Ahl 1938 -- (Jégu 2001:383 [ref. 25923], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:185 [ref. 27061]). •Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844) -- (Jégu et al. 2004:128 [ref. 27829], Ota et al. 2024:413 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Myloplus asterias (Müller & Troschel 1844). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

scotopterus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:233 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, South America. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

seitzi, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:28 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (aquarium import). Holotype (unique): ZMB 20663. Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:207 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

senai, Acnodon Jégu [M.] & Santos [G. M. dos] 1990:195, Fig. 6D [Cybium v. 14 (no. 3); ref. 20145] Beach at downstream of Rio Jari, Amapà, Carapatinho Island, Brazil, 0°35'45"S, 52°38'20"W. Holotype: INPA 2680. Paratypes: INP 2681-82 (20, 20), 2719 (29), 2720 (1, cleared); MNHN 1989-0312 (4), 1989-0313 (2); MZUSP 40050 (4). Type catalog: Oyakawa 1996:450 [ref. 23140]. •Valid as Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos 1990 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:404 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Acnodon senai Jégu & Santos 1990. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Jari River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

sennaebragai, Utiaritichthys Miranda Ribeiro [A. de] 1937:58 [O Campo Rio de Janeiro No. 8; ref. 20799] Upstream of Salto Utiarity falls, 13°S, 58°15'W, affluent of Rio Papagaio, Mato Grosso, northeastern Brazil. Lectotype: MNRJ 12154 [ex MNRJ 3407A]. Paralectotypes: MNRJ 3407 (3). Type catalog: Miranda Ribeiro 1955:396-397 [ref. 12732]. Originally as Sennae Bragai. Lectotype selected by Miranda Ribeiro 1953:397 [ref. 12732] and recataloged in Jégu et al. 1992:112 [ref. 19734]. •Valid as Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro 1937 -- (Jégu et al. 1992:107 [ref. 19734], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Pereira & Castro 2014:397 [ref. 33385], Andrade et al. 2016:165 [ref. 34307], Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Utiaritichthys sennaebragai Miranda Ribeiro 1937. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: middle and lower Amazon River and lower Orinoco River basin, Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

serratus, Charax Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:155 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Suriname. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Characidae -- (Reis et al. 2003:159 [ref. 27061]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmidae -- (Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

serrulatus, Pygopristis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:300 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Amazonas, Brazil. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-9898. Type catalog: Bertin 1948:25-26 [ref. 19577]. •Valid as Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850) -- (Géry 1972:221 [ref. 1594], Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Azpelicueta & Koerber 2015:45 [ref. 33654], Silvano et al. 2020:191 [ref. 38133], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus serrulatus (Valenciennes 1850). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon River basin and ?Essequibo River basin (Brazil, ?Guyana and Peru) (not Argentina on ref. 33654). Habitat: freshwater.

setiger, Myleus Müller [J.] & Troschel [F. H.] 1844:98 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 10 (pt 1); ref. 3070] Guiana. Lectotype: ZMB 3634. Paralectotype: BMNH 1971.5.10.65 (1, skin). Also appeared in Müller & Troschel 1845:24, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [ref. 3071]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu Jardine & Schomburgk 1841 -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Jégu & Santos 2002:37 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:178 [ref. 29917], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Andrade et al. 2016:490 [ref. 34140], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Andrade et al. 2018:[12] [ref. 35880], Taphorn et al. 2022:28 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:412 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myleus setiger Müller & Troschel 1844. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: tributaries of lower and middle Amazon River basin, orinoco River basin, upper Orinoco River and tributaries, and northern and eastern Guiana Shield rivers (Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

siderocarajensis, Tometes Andrade [M. C.], Machado [V. N.], Jégu [M.], Farias [I. P.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2017:4, Figs. 1, 2a-b, 3, 4 [PLoS ONE v. 12 (no. 4): e0170053; ref. 35291] Itacaiúnas River, nearby Paulo Fontelles Road, Caldeirão, Serra dos Carajás, Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Parauapebas, Pará, Brazil, 5°52'38.2"S, 50°29'27.8"W. Holotype: MPEG 33922. Paratypes: GEA, INPA, MPEG, MZUSP, ZUEC. •Valid as Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo 2017 -- (Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes siderocarajensis Andrade, Machado, Jégu, Farias & Giarrizzo 2017. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia River basin, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

snethlageae, Metynnis Ahl [E.] 1924:30 [Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 19929] Amazon River (aquarium import). Holotype: ZMB 19722. Paratypes: (3) ZMB 19723 (1), 20666 (1), 20679 (1). Types mentioned: Paepke 1995:92 [ref. 21847]. •Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:210 [ref. 23984], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:184 [ref. 27061], Zarske & Géry 2008:189 [ref. 29917], Ota et al. 2024:408 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope 1870). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

spilopleura, Serrasalmus Kner [R.] 1858:166 [6] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Guaporé, Bobota, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Lectotype: NMW 57085. Paralectotypes: NMW 16344 (1, dry), 79457-59 (1, 1, 1, all dry). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:43 [p. 35 of separate], Pl. 5 (fig. 11) [ref. 7130]. Lectotype selected by Jégu & Santos 2001:125 [ref. 25562]. •Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858 -- (Ortega & Vari 1986:9 [ref. 9708], Cestari & Galetti 1992 [ref. 19896], Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791], Britski et al. 1999:66 [ref. 24147], Butí & Cancino 1999:71 [ref. 25277], Nakayama et al. 2000:149 [ref. 24554], Jégu & Santos 2001:119 [ref. 25562], Lasso et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25928], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Casciotta et al. 2003:116 [ref. 28130], Menni 2004:78 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Nión et al. 2016:28 [ref. 35565], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35633], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2023:[5] [ref. 40628], Koerber et al. 2023:3 [ref. 40665], Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817], Gallo-Cardozo et al. 2024:18 [ref. 40973], Limeira-Filho et al. 2024:6 [ref. 41573]). Current status: Valid as Serrasalmus spilopleura Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Distribution: South America: Amazon and Orinoco River basins, and coastal rivers of northern Brazil (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and Peru). Habitat: freshwater.

stagnatilis, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:222 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Upper Essequibo River, Guyana. No types known. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Taphorn et al. 2022:30 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

stigmaterythraeus, Pygocentrus Fowler [H. W.] 1911:424, Fig. 3 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 63; ref. 1383] La Pedrita, Caño Uracoa, Venezuela. Holotype: ANSP 37868. Paratype: ANSP 37869 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:54 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821) -- (Machado-Allison & Fink 1991:122 [ref. 22050], Taphorn 1992:308 [ref. 23654], Fink 1993:684 [ref. 20937], Machado-Allison et al. 2000:64 [ref. 26045], Machado-Allison 2002:58 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus cariba (Humboldt 1821). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

striolatus, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:360 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Pará, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 10583-84 (2). •Not a Pygocentrus -- (Fink 1993:671 [ref. 20937]). •Valid as Pristobrycon striolatus (Steindachner 1908) -- (Taphorn 1992:305 [ref. 23654], Machado-Allison 2002:49 [ref. 27640], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:188 [ref. 27061], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633], Urbano-Bonilla et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35773], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298]). •Valid as Serrasalmus striolatus Steindachner 1908 -- (Ovchynnyk 1967:31 [ref. 37559], Géry 1972:218 [ref. 1594], Planquette et al. 1996:380 [ref. 22818], Camargo & Isaac 2001:139 [ref. 27639], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721] in "Serrasalmus", Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507] in "Serrasalmus", Taphorn et al. 2022:30 [ref. 41297]). •Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864 -- (Ota et al. 2024:428 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus scapularis Günther 1864. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

tambaqui, Melloina Amaral Campos [A.] 1946:220, Fig. 3 [Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura, São Paulo v. 7 (no. 17); ref. 107] Rio Tapajós, Taperinha, Pará, Brazil. Holotype: MPEG. •Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:405 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

tambaqui, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:21 [13] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 13 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Myletes macropomus Cuvier; from Mato Grosso, Brazil. Perhaps validated by Campos 1946:219 (see Taphorn 1992:162 [ref. 23654]). •In the synonymy of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816) -- (Taphorn 1992:161 [ref. 23654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:183 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier 1816). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

taphorni, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], López-Fernández [H.] & Liverpool [E. A.] 2019:[2], Figs. 1-3 [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 17 (no. 4): e190026; ref. 37167] Mazaruni River at mouth of Kurupung River, Guyana, 6°12.846'N, 60°09.394'W. Holotype: CSBD F 3611. Paratypes: ROM, UMMZ. •Valid as Myloplus taphorni Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019. •Valid as Paramyloplus taphorni (Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019) -- (Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paramyloplus taphorni (Andrade, López-Fernández & Liverpool 2019). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Mazaruni River drainage, Essequibo basin (Guyana). Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Paramyloplus Norman [J. R.] 1929:828, Pl. 1 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Maparú Rapids, Approuague River, French Guiana. Syntypes: BMNH 1926.3.2.531-532 (2). •Valid as Myleus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Géry 1972:171 [ref. 1594], Géry et al. 1991:36 [ref. 21021], Planquette et al. 1996:372 [ref. 22818], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], Melo et al. 2016:134 [ref. 34701], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:[2] [ref. 35679]). •Valid as Myloplus ternetzi (Norman 1929) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167]). •Valid as Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929 -- (Jégu et al. 2003:851 [ref. 27668], Kolmann et al. 2020:11 [ref. 37721], Borstein et al. 2022:16 [ref. 39507] as cf. ternetzi, Ota et al. 2024:418 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Paramyloplus ternetzi Norman 1929. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Suriname, French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

ternetzi, Serrasalmo (Pygocentrus) Steindachner [F.] 1908:359 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 18) (for 9 July 1908); ref. 18800] Rio Paraguay at Descalvados, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Holotype (unique): NMW (lost). •Valid as Serrasalmus ternetzi Steindachner 1908 -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:51 [ref. 23791]). •Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858 -- (Fink 1993:680 [ref. 20937], Fink & Zelditch 1997:179 [ref. 22686], Britski et al. 1999:62 [ref. 24147], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:189 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:32 [ref. 27366], Litz & Koerber 2014:10 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:16 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:23 [ref. 35267], Ota et al. 2024:420 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner 1858. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

tiete, Myletes Eigenmann [C. H.] & Norris [A. A.] 1900:359 [Revista do Museu Paulista v. 4; ref. 1264] Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Holotype (unique): not found. Original as tieté. •Valid as Myleus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) -- (Gómez & Chebez 1996:52 [ref. 23791], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:186 [ref. 27061], López et al. 2003:33 [ref. 27366], Menni 2004:79 [ref. 28131], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117]). •Valid as Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Koerber et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35083], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267], Koerber et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35632], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Koerber et al. 2019:3 [ref. 36736], Mirande & Koerber 2020:2 [ref. 37594], Reis et al. 2020:463 [ref. 38364], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus tiete (Eigenmann & Norris 1900). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Paraguay-Paraná River basin (Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay). Habitat: freshwater.

tizoura, Salmo Kner [R.] (ex Natterer) 1860:40 [32] [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 18; ref. 7130] On p. 32 of separate. Not available, name mentioned in passing under Serrasalmo humeralis Valenciennes; from Rio Paraguay. •In the synonymy of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:191 [ref. 27061]). •Unavailable name -- (Toledo-Piza et al. 2024:446 [ref. 40817]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Serrasalmus humeralis Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae.

torquatus, Myletes Kner [R.] 1858:164 [4] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 22); ref. 18871] Rio Branco, Marabitanos, Amazonas, Brazil. Syntypes: NMW 56449-56450 (1, 1). Appeared in more detail in Kner 1860:24 [p. 16 in separate], Pl. 1 (fig. 4) [ref. 7130]. •Valid as Myleus torquatus (Kner 1858) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Sarmiento et al. 2014:187 [ref. 35004], DoNascimiento et al. 2017:37 [ref. 35633]). •Valid as Myloplus torquatus (Kner 1858) -- (Jégu 2001:386 [ref. 25923], Jégu et al. 2003:850 [ref. 27668], Andrade et al. 2016:154 [ref. 34307], Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Meza-Vargas et al. 2021:17 [ref. 39298], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Taphorn et al. 2022:29 [ref. 41297], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus torquatus (Kner 1858). Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Amazon, Negro and Orinoco River basins (Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Guyana, Peru and Venezuela). Habitat: freshwater.

trigintaradiatus, Salmo Larrañaga [D. A.] 1923:388 [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Uruguay. Originally as Salmo 30-radiatus. Also appeared in Devincenzi 1925:314, 322 [ref. 20322]; Devincenzi treated as a synonym of Myletes orbignyanus Valenciennes 1850. •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmidae -- (Ota et al. 2024:432 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae. Habitat: freshwater.

trilobatus, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:226 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Lectotype: MNHN A-8650 (dry). Paralectotype: MNHN A-8649 (1, dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577] as holotype. Holotype designation, as MNHN A-8650 (dry) is erroneous according to Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061]. Lectotype selected by Jégu et al. 2002:102 [ref. 40851]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Valid as Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050], Jégu et al. 2002:46 [ref. 26274], Jégu et al. 2002:102 [ref. 40851], Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:298 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2017:17 [ref. 35291], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: northeastern Guiana Shield rivers, Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater.

tumukumak, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Gama [C. S.] 2018:112, Figs. 1-2, 4B [Zootaxa 4403 (no. 1); ref. 35868] Motoura River, a tributary of Oyapock River, Amapá State, Brazil, 02°35'00"N, 52°33'00"W. Holotype: ZMA 107.638. Paratypes: IEPA, INPA, IRSNB, MNHN, ZMA. •Valid as Myloplus tumukumak Andrade, Jégu & Gama 2018 -- (Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus tumukumak Andrade, Jégu & Gama 2018. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: rivers in the eastern Tumucumaque Mountain Range, French Guiana and Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

undulatus, Serrasalmo Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:232 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Padauiri. No types known. Genus name in account as S., presumed to be an abbreviation of Serrasalmo. •Species inquirenda in Serrasalmus -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Ota et al. 2024:429 [ref. 40817]). Serrasalmidae: Serrasalminae. Habitat: freshwater.

unilobatus, Tometes Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:228 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Cayenne, French Guiana. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-8651 (dry). Type catalog: Bertin 1948:27 [ref. 19577]. •Synonym of Myleus pacu (Jardine & Schomburgk 1841) -- (Géry 1972:178 [ref. 1594], Taphorn 1992:278 [ref. 23654]). •Possibly valid as Tometes unilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Jégu & Santos 2002:53 [ref. 26050]). •Synonym of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850 -- (Keith et al. 2000:14 [ref. 24547], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:192 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Ota et al. 2024:431 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Tometes trilobatus Valenciennes 1850. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Habitat: freshwater.

unimaculatus, Metynnis Steindachner [F.] 1908:326 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 45 (no. 17) (for 2 July 1908); ref. 18805] Lake at Rio Medonho, tributary of Rio Parnahyba north of Santa Filomena, Brazil [type locality incorrect, Mateussi et al. 2018:303 [ref. 35820], probably the lower Rio Tocantins basin]. Syntypes: (several) NMW 56451 (3). •Questionably a synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Taphorn 1992:285 [ref. 23654]). •Synonym of Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier 1818) -- (Zarske & Géry 1999:188 [ref. 23984] as duriventris, Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Litz & Koerber 2014:9 [ref. 33622], Mirande & Koerber 2015:15 [ref. 35117], Koerber et al. 2017:22 [ref. 35267]). •Valid as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908) -- (Mateussi et al. 2018:299 [ref. 35820], Koerber et al. 2022:18 [ref. 39235], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Distribution: South America: Tocantins-Araguaia system, Amazon basin (Brazil). Habitat: freshwater.

unimaculatus, Metynnis Kochetov [A. M.] 1989:101 [ ref. 34351] Probably placed in the wrong genus. Also a primary homonym of Metynnis unimaculatus Steindachner 1908. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Uncertain as Mylossoma unimaculatum (Steindachner 1908). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae.

ventriosa, Mylosomma Norman [J. R.] 1929:815, Fig. 20 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London [v. 98] (pt 4) (no. 52)(art. 30) (for 1928); ref. 3218] Rio Solimões, Amazon River basin. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1923.10.28.263. •Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829) -- (Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Mateussi et al. 2018:287 [ref. 35820], Ota et al. 2024:416 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Synonym of Mylossoma aureum (Spix & Agassiz 1829). Serrasalmidae: Colossomatinae. Habitat: freshwater.

xinguense, Ossubtus Jégu [M.] 1992:240, Figs. 4, 11 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 3 (no. 3); ref. 20009] Rio Xingu, Altamira, Pará, Brazil, 3°12'12"S, 52°12'23"W. Holotype: INPA 6535. Paratypes: INPA 3979 (4), 4364 (2), 6536 (1, cleared); MNHN 1992-0003 (1), ?MNHN 1992-0004 (2); ZSM 27765 (5 now 4), 28377 (1). Type catalog: Neumann 2011:247 [ref. 31652]. •Valid as Ossubtus xinguense Jégu 1992 -- (Jégu et al. 2002:270 [ref. 26654], Jégu in Reis et al. 2003:187 [ref. 27061], Andrade et al. 2013:304 [ref. 32757], Andrade et al. 2016:491 [ref. 34140], Andrade et al. 2016:5 [ref. 34773], Ota et al. 2024:417 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Ossubtus xinguense Jégu 1992. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Xingu River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

zorroi, Myloplus Andrade [M. C.], Jégu [M.] & Giarrizzo [T.] 2016:155, Figs. 1, 2 and 4 [ZooKeys No. 571; ref. 34307] Rio Aripuanã, Corredeira dos Periquitos, Apuí, Amazonas, Brazil, 07°17'19.8"S, 60°38'10.0"W. Holotype: INPA 50880. Paratypes: INPA, MPEG, ZUEC. •Valid as Myloplus zorroi Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016 -- (Andrade et al. 2016:579 [ref. 34960], Andrade et al. 2018:121 [ref. 35868], Andrade et al. 2019:[8] [ref. 37167], Ota et al. 2024:415 [ref. 40817]). Current status: Valid as Myloplus zorroi Andrade, Jégu & Giarrizzo 2016. Serrasalmidae: Myleinae. Distribution: South America: Madeira River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.