hystrix, Diodon Linnaeus [C.] 1758:335 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] India. Syntypes: ?ZMUU Linn. Coll. 57 (1, dry). Type catalog: Wheeler 1991:192-193 [ref. 20102]. Misspelled hixtris by Cabrera y Corro, Pérez & Hänseler 1817:10 [ref. 17319], see Graells 1887:184 [ref. 30438]. •Valid as Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758 -- (Herrera 1896:75 [ref. 39336], Tortonese 1973:648 [ref. 7192], Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:300 [ref. 9277], Dor 1984:287 [ref. 29757], Matsuura in Masuda et al. 1984:366 [ref. 6441], Tortonese in Whitehead et al. 1986:1347 [ref. 13677], Leis 1986:906 [ref. 5686], Robins & Ray 1986:309 [ref. 23100], Pequeño 1989:78 [ref. 14125], Paulin et al. 1989:246 [ref. 24556], Winterbottom et al. 1989:70 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:479 [ref. 15987], Duron & Quéro 1990:1074 [ref. 19530], Boschung 1992:184 [ref. 23239], Francis 1993:168 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:302 [ref. 22193], Goren & Dor 1994:75 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:408 [ref. 22896], Cervigón 1996:85 [ref. 24489], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:629 [ref. 27969], Santos et al. 1997:116 [ref. 23531], Lindberg et al. 1997:175 [ref. 23547], Allen 1997:246 [ref. 23977], Allen & Robertson 1997:835 [ref. 41086], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:125 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:659 [ref. 24023], Arruda 1997:123 [ref. 24952], Randall et al. 1997:479 [ref. 25919], Aguilera 1998:54 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:145 [ref. 24555], Myers 1999:291 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:613 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:519 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:357 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:81 [ref. 25466], Randall 1999:30 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:95 [ref. 37268], Leis in Randall & Lim 2000:649 [ref. 25122], Nakabo 2000:1433 [ref. 25182], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:471 [ref. 25191], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:127 [ref. 25206], Thomson et al. 2000:280 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:22 [ref. 25806], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:171 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1647 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:48 [ref. 25847], Leis 2001:3964 [ref. 26318], Rocha & Rosa 2001:992 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:146 [ref. 27639], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:179 [ref. 26753], Nakabo 2002:1433 [ref. 26193], Allen & Adrim 2003:65 [ref. 26830], Collette et al. 2003:128 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:69 [ref. 26943], Leis 2003:2013 [ref. 27121], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S124 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:651 [ref. 27495], Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:111 [ref. 27192], Parin 2003:S35 [ref. 28536], Lobel & Lobel 2004:78 [ref. 27576], Smith et al. 2003:72 [ref. 27621], Randall et al. 2004:32 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:127 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:185 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3332 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:456 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:181 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:653 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:538 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:938 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Leis 2006:88 [ref. 28932], Bray et al. 2006:1933 [ref. 29091], Wirtz et al. 2007:43 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:499 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:59 [ref. 30182], Fricke et al. 2009:123 [ref. 30213], Matsuura 2009:338 [ref. 31171], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:195 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:240 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:106 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:1099 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:191 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:137 [ref. 32972], Kang et al. 2014:382 [ref. 39479], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:89 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:12 [ref. 33516], Matsuura 2014:25 [ref. 33576], Parin et al. 2014:555 [ref. 33547], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:8 [ref. 33988], Duffy & Ahyong 2015:119 [ref. 36167], Leis 2015:1744 [ref. 34323], Pinheiro et al. 2015:36 [ref. 34324], Psomadakis et al. 2015:340 [ref. 34104], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:612 [ref. 34923], Fourriére et al. 2016:451 [ref. 34668], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:151 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:342 [ref. 35888], Koeda et al. 2016:115 [ref. 35333], Leis in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:3079 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:148 [ref. 34961], Fricke et al. 2018:390 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:183 [ref. 36273], Ordines et al. 2018:404 [ref. 36402], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:346 [ref. 36407], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:93 [ref. 35859], Suresh et al. 2018:330 [ref. 36495], Arndt & Fricke 2019:15 [ref. 36883], Brown et al. 2019:184 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:224 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:135 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:335 [ref. 36673], González-Murcia et al. 2019:309 [ref. 36544], Reiner 2019:311 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:103 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 31 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:627 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:154 [ref. 38098], Sonoyama et al. 2020:135 [ref. 37637], Bañón & Maño 2021:99 [ref. 38887], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:78 [ref. 38844], Kim et al. 2020:207 [ref. 39118], Kovačić et al. 2021:62 [ref. 39014], Love et al. 2021:226 [ref. 39279], Mary et al. 2021:401 [ref. 38693], Rotundo et al. in Marceniuk et al. 2021:725 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:73 [ref. 39585] in Tetraodontidae, Bhakta et al. 2022:[2] [ref. 39125], Fermon et al. 2022:306 [ref. 39448], Gloerfelt-Tarp & Kailola 2022:307 [ref. 41223], Grove et al. 2022:22 [ref. 41326], Leis 2022:478 [ref. 40307], Carvalho-Filho 2023:287 [ref. 40480], Page et al. 2023:168 [ref. 40505], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40981], Fricke et al. 2024:70 [ref. 41255], Luo et al. 2024:10 [ref. 41630]). Current status: Valid as Diodon hystrix Linnaeus 1758. Diodontidae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical and warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, western Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Sea of Japan, Gulf of California/Mexico). Habitat: brackish, marine.