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Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information. Species in the family or subfamily Leuciscidae: [ 1716 ] records abanticus, Phoxinus Turan [D.], Bayçelebi [E.], Özuluğ [M.], Gaygusuz [Ö.] & Aksu [İ.] 2023:4, Figs. 4, 7-10 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 102 (no. 5); ref. 40351] Outlet of Lake Abant, Bolu Province, Turkey, 40.664722N, 31.425000E. Holotype: FFR 2322. Paratypes: FFR, IUSHM. •Valid as Phoxinus abanticus Turan, Bayçelebi, Özuluğ, Gaygusuz & Aksu 2023 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:416 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus abanticus Turan, Bayçelebi, Özuluğ, Gaygusuz & Aksu 2023. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Lake Abant basin, Filyos River drainage (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. abbotti, Notropis chalybaeus Fowler [H. W.] 1904:239, Pl. 17 (upper fig.) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 56; ref. 15184] Broken dam on Batsto River, Burlington County, New Jersey, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 19860. Paratypes: ANSP 19861-78 (18). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:22 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:67 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis chalybaeus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1978:22 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:250 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis chalybaeus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. abramorutilus, Bliccopsis Siebold [C. T. E. von] 1863:142, Figs. 18-19 [Die Süsswasserfische von Mitteleuropa; ref. 4021] Danube River, Bavaria. Syntypes: ?NMW 54964 (1), 54966 (1). Originally as abramo-rutilus. •Hybrid between Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) and Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:531, 596 [ref. 20661]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. abramorutilus, Cyprinus Holandre [J.] 1837:246 [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] River Moselle downriver from Malroy, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original as abramo-rutilus. Also appeared as same in Holandre 1837:3 [ref. 23075]; earliest not researched. •Based on a hybrid between Abramis blicca x Rutilus rutilus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. abruptus, Leucaspius Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:145, Fig. 76 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] [Lemberg] Lviv fish market, Ukraine. Syntypes: NMW 49741 (2). •Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Berg 1949:610 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:62 [ref. 23589], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:138 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. abulyontis, Vimba vimba tenella natio Battalgil [F.] 1941:181 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Abulyont Lake, Turkey. •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. acarnanicus, Scardinius Economidis [P. S.] (ex Stephanidis) 1991:16 [Check list of freshwater fishes of Greece; ref. 23018] Acheleoos River and lakes Trichonis, Lyssimachia, Ozeros, and Amvrakia, Acheleoos River basin, Greece. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Appeared first as Scardinius scardafa plotizza forma acarnanicus Stephanidis 1939:26, Pl. 4 [ref. 21156] and Schmidt-Ries [ex Stephanidis] 1943:333 [ref. 23019] as infrasubspecific and not available. Dates to Economidis as above by reference to Stephanidis 1939. •Valid as Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991 -- (Kottelat 1997:82 [ref. 22952], Bianco et al. 2001:115 [ref. 26729], Ketmaier et al. 2003:13 [ref. 26727] but wrongly dating to Stephanidis 1939, Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:251 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:63 [ref. 35029], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater. acarnanicus, Scardinius scardafa plotizza forma Stephanidis [A.] 1939:26 [The freshwater fishes of northern Greece and the island of Corfu.; ref. 21156] Infrasubspecific, not available. Also infrasubspecific in Schmidt-Ries [ex Stephanidis] 1943:333 [ref. 23019]. •In the synonymy of Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Scardinius acarnanicus Economidis 1991. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. achomawi, Rhinichthys klamathensis Moyle [P. B.], Buckmaster [N.] & Su [Y.-X.] 2023:529, Figs. 1, 4D [Zootaxa 5249 (no. 5); ref. 40044] Bear Creek at Pondosa Bridge, 1.6 km southwest of Pondosa, Siskiyou County, California, 41.1884°N, -121.700667°W. Holotype: WFB 3171. Paratypes: WFB 3171a-i (9). •Synonym of Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Goose Lake (Oregon and California), Pit River watersheds, Sacramento River drainage, Salinas, San Luis Obispo Creek, Arroyo Grande and Santa Maria River basins, California and Oregon, U.S.A. [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. achrus, Scardinius erythrophthalmus var. Stephanidis [A.] 1950:206 [Praktika tes Akademias Athenon v. 18; ref. 12807] Cholorema River near Almiros, Thessalia, Greece. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece (possibly valid, extirpated). Habitat: freshwater. acros, Eremichthys Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1948:20, Fig. 1D; Pls. 1-2 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 507; ref. 2258] Spring-fed ditch near northern edge of Soldier Meadows, Humboldt County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 136873. Paratypes: CAS-SU 14875 [ex UMMZ 141596] (7); UMMZ 136874 (124), 141590 (980), 141596 (620, now 610), 141598 (60, now 40); USNM 112065 [ex UMMZ 141598] (20). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395] with comment on holotype. •Valid as Eremichthys acros Hubbs & Miller 1948 -- (Lee et al. 1980:155 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:80 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:441 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:70 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Eremichthys acros Hubbs & Miller 1948. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. acutirostris, Leuciscus Gray [J. E.] in Richardson 1846:297 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Not available, museum name mentioned in the synonymy of Leuciscus acutus. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. acutus, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1036 [46] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] On p. 46 of separate [ref. 2067]. Not available, name only. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. acutus, Alburnus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:12 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Not available, no distinguishing features provided; from Italy. •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. acutus, Alburnus Lapham [I. A.] 1854:101, Figs. 1-2 [Annals of Science (Cleveland, Ohio) v. 2; ref. 20824] Lower part of Milwaukee River (below first dam), Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1741 (8, discarded in 1938), UMMZ 85896 [ex MCZ 1741] (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042] as no types located; see Hubbs 1945:16 [ref. 10745]; Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared as new in Lapham 1854:96 [ref. 36678]. •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:440 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818, but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Lake Michigan [subspecies acutus, presumeably extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. adanaensis, Squalius Turan [D.], Kottelat [M.] & Doğan [E.] 2013:310, Figs. 2, 3 [Zootaxa 3637 (no. 3); ref. 32584] Üçürge Stream at Karaisalı, Seyhan River drainage, Adana Province, Turkey. Holotype: FFR 1994. Paratypes: CMK 22403 (4), FFR 1995 (16). Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:421 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Squalius adanaensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi 2020:757 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius adanaensis Turan, Kottelat & Doğan 2013. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Seyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Adana Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. adanensis, Alburnus sellal Battalgil [F.] 1944:302 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 9 (no. 4); ref. 13159] Lower Seyhan River, near Adana, southern Turkey. Syntype: IUSHM 2017-1368. Author also seen as Battalgazi. Species probably extinct, Freyhof et al. 2018:580 [ref. 35814]. •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Bogutskaya 1997:167 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:56 [ref. 24445]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Birecikligil et al. 2016:471 [ref. 34308], Çiçek et al. 2016:117 [ref. 35152]). •Valid as Alburnus adanensis Battalgil 1944 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:580 [ref. 35814], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:387 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus adanensis Battalgil 1944. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Seyhan River basin (Mediterranean tributary) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. adele, Leuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1892:150, Figs. 2-3 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 19484] Vladivostok, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 8785. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii Dybowski 1872 -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. adobe, Agosia Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] in Jordan 1891:36 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 9 (art. 1) (for 1889); ref. 12374] Sevier River, at railroad bridge, about 7 miles west of Juab [39°31.11"N, 111°56.23'W], Juab County, Utah, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 821 (15), CAS 58602 [ex IU 8206] (19), FMNH 1865 (3), USNM 125123 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:29 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:6 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Sigler & Sigler 1996:117 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:39 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Utah, U.S.A. [subspecies adobe]. Habitat: freshwater. adspersus, Leucos Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1038 [48] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Imotski [or Jessero Rosso, a lake near Imotski], Bosnia-Herzegovina. No types known. On p. 48 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Paraphoxinus adspersus (Heckel 1843) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Phoxinellus adspersus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:72 [ref. 22952], Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818]). •Valid as Delminichthys adspersus (Heckel 1843) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:422 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:192 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:29 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:61 [ref. 34877], Mustafić et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35274], Ćaleta et al. 2019:159 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Delminichthys adspersus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Neretva, Matica and Vrljika river drainages and Crveno Lake, Croatia, and Tihaljina and Trebižat rivers, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. adustus, Couesius Woolman [A. J.] 1894:57 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 14 (art. 8) (for 1894); ref. 4804] Wrongly Río de las Conchos, Chihuahua, Mexico [probably Minnesota, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: not BMNH 1894.5.12.31 (1) [from Woolman], FMNH 6706 (1) [but not this species], CAS-SU 642 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395] with remarks on locality. •Synonym of Couesius plumbeus, subspecies plumbeus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Gilbert 1998:34 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. aeneolus, Notropis Hay [O. P.] 1887:245 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 624); ref. 14473] Saline River, about 5 miles north of WaKeeney, Trego County, Kansas, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 37945. Paratypes: (several) UF 113791 [ex Butler Univ 74] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:34-35 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis topeka (Gilbert 1884) -- (Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis topeka (Gilbert 1884). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. aestivalis, Gobio Girard [C. F.] 1856:189 [25] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río San Juan near Cadereita [Cadereyta], Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 79 (lost). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395]. On p. 25 of separate. •Valid as Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:180 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:181 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Extrarius aestivalis (Girard 1856) -- (Page & Burr 1991:106 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:62 [ref. 23394]). •Valid as Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856) -- (Boschung 1992:52 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:192 [ref. 22809], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:102 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:219 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395], Eisenhour 1999:969 [ref. 24184], Lyons et al. 2000:24 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:177 [ref. 25978], Underwood et al. 2003:493 [ref. 27126], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Eisenhour 2004:13 [ref. 29854], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:130 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:212 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Gilbert et al. 2017:501 [ref. 35222], Echelle et al. 2018:546 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. (Texas and New Mexico) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. affinis, Algansea Regan [C. T.] 1907:151 [Biologia Centrali-Americana Part 215; ref. 3629] Mexico. Syntypes: (several) BMNH 1894.1.27.69 (1) Salamanca, 1900.9.29.145-147 (3) Rio Verde, 1905.12.6.264-273 (10) Río San Juan del Rio. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395]. Plate 25 (fig. 1) appeared in 1908 [ref. 18482]. •Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. affinis, Clinostomus Girard [C. F.] 1856:212 [48] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] James River, Virginia, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 5 (20, now 0), USNM (one pair pharyngeal arches # 2626). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:35 [ref. 23395]. On p. 48 of separate. •Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856 -- (Lachner & Deubler 1960:359 [ref. 21967]). Current status: Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. affinis, Gila Abbott [C. C.] 1860:474 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 12; ref. 15618] Bridger Pass, Wyoming, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 4196. Paralectotypes: USNM 3557 (1) Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621] with "Kansas" locality in error, Gilbert 1998:35-36 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1925:398, fig. 6. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395], Copus et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. affinis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:150 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Gand [=Ghent], Belgium. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3354. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:57-58 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1119 [ref. 20712]. •Based on a hybrid between Rutilus rutilus x Scardinius erythrophthalmus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. agassii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:254, Pl. 495 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Danube River at Munich, Germany; introduced elsewhere. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0712. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2586 [ex MNHN 0000-0712] (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1123 [ref. 20712]. Spelled agassizii on plate and agassii in text (on "L'Able d'Agassiz"); the latter is correctly formed; Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes serves as first reviser selecting agassii according to Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1123 [ref. 20712]. See Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320] for more details. •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827, but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:210 [ref. 22962] as agassizi). •Valid as Telestes agassizii (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728] as agassizi). •Synonym of Leuciscus souffia Risso 1827 -- (Kottelat 1997:70 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:288 [ref. 29996] as agassii, Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:80 [ref. 30320] as agassii). Current status: Synonym of Telestes souffia (Risso 1827). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. agassizii, Pimephales Cope [E. D.] 1867:394 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Tributary of Ohio River at Richmond, Wayne County, Indiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5609-10 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820 -- (Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. agdamicus, Squalius Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:49 [German p. 160] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Near Agdam, Kuyra River basin, Azerbaijan. Holotype (unique): ?ZMT (not at ZIN). •Valid as Leuciscus agdamicus (Kamensky 1901) -- (Berg 1949:563 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Turan 2022:340 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius agdamicus Kamensky 1901. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura basin (Turkey and Azerbaijan). Habitat: freshwater. aguirrepequenoi, Notropis Contreras-Balderas [S.] & Rivera-Teillery [R.] 1973:10, Figs. 1-3 [Publicaciones Biologicas / Instituto de Investigaciones cientificas v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 7561] Río Pilón at crossing of highway 85, town of Mainero, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Holotype: IBUNAM-P 434. Paratypes: ASU (4), IBUNAM-P 435 (4), IPN P3678 (4), TNHC (4), TU 94116 (20), UANL 290 (1), 297 (109), 1141 (150), 1137 (orig. 444, now 416), UMMZ 197492 (4), USNM 214998 [? =325996] (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:36 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. Original as aguirrepequeñoi. •Valid as Notropis aguirrepequenoi Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery 1973 -- (Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Chernoff & Miller 1986:181 [ref. 6782], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:131 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis aguirrepequenoi Contreras-Balderas & Rivera-Teillery 1973. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. aikenii, Campostoma Cope [E. D.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:672 [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Arkansas River, Pueblo, Pueblo County, Colorado, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. airatilus, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1832:22 [Atlantic Journal and Friend of Knowledge, Philadelphia v. 1 (no. 1); ref. 3593] No distinguishing features, not available; see Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. akili, Alburnus Battalgil [F.] 1942:288, Fig. 2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Beyşehir Lake, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1107. Paratypes: ZMH H1110 (1). •Doubtfully valid as Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942 -- (Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:157 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:311 [ref. 29389], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:325 [ref. 30688] considered extinct, Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36267], Özuluğ et al. 2018:37 [ref. 35953], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:387 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. alabamae, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Meek [S. E.] 1884:476 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 450); ref. 10636] Tributary to Alabama River, Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 35297. Paralectotypes: USNM 203323 [ex USNM 35297] (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Snelson 1972:21 [ref. 12386]. •Synonym of Notropis bellus (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Lythrurus bellus (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395], Boschung & Mayden 2004:200 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Lythrurus bellus (Hay 1881). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. alasanicus, Alburnus Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:104 [German p. 185] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Alasan River, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: (2) ?ZMT, none at ZIN. •In part the same as Chondrostoma schmidti Berg 1914 -- (Berg 1949:628 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877 -- (Coad 1995:16 [ref. 23608]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. albeolus, Notropis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1893:152 [American Naturalist v. 27 (no. 314); ref. 12375] South Saskatchewan River, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1892.12.30.531. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Notropis megalops albeolus Jordan 1889, replaced by Notropis jordanii Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893. •Synonym of Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:459 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. albeolus, Notropis megalops var. Jordan [D. S.] 1889:123 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 8 (art. 2) (for 1888); ref. 10563] Roanoke River, near Roanoke, Roanoke County, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 40177. Paralectotypes: MCZ 31984 (1); CAS-SU 611 (6); MNHN 1889-0343 (1); ?NMW 50913-14 (1, 1); USNM 177840 (14), 177841 (1, not this species). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1964:152 [ref. 12397]. •Valid as Notropis albeolus Jordan 1889 -- (Gilbert 1964:151 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:23 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:220 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Luxilus albeolus (Jordan 1889) -- (Meagher & Dowling 1991:979 [ref. 22441], Page & Burr 1991:110 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:373 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:92 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fuller et al. 1999:88 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:222 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus albeolus (Jordan 1889). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. albicans, Chondrostoma genei var. Gatti [M. A.] 1896:215 [Bollettino della Societá Romana per gli Stusi Zoologici v. 5 (nos 1-2); ref. 21183] Vomano River near Fontanelle, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Chondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Elvira 1987:119 [ref. 6743], Lelek 1987:183 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839). Current status: Synonym of Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. albidus, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 16, Pl. 14 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Campania, Cilento, Alento River near Fasana village, Italy. Neotype: IZA 7899. Neotype designated by Bianco 1980:32 [ref. 20633]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) -- (Bianco 1980:31 [ref. 20633], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Lelek 1987:139 [ref. 22962], Oliva et al. 1988:216 [ref. 26137], Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952], Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:163 [ref. 29996], Buj et al. 2010:130 [ref. 30888], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Adriatic basin, Croatia, Italy and Turkey. Habitat: freshwater. albiensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:194 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Elbe River, Germany. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. albivallis, Lepidomeda Miller [R. R.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1960:24, Pls. 1 (fig. C), 3 (fig. E) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 115; ref. 11934] White River, just below mouth of Ellison Creek, about 5 miles northwest of Preston, White Pine County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 173781. Paratypes: UMMZ 132180 (428) and UMMZ 124973 (14), 124977 (371), 124980 (61), 124984 (17), 124990 (111), 138331 (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Lepidomeda albivallis Miller & Hubbs 1960 -- (Lee et al. 1980:199 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:82 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:462 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:36 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:146 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:179 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lepidomeda albivallis Miller & Hubbs 1960. Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. albizonatus, Notropis Warren [M. L., Jr.] & Burr [B. M.] in Warren, Burr & Grady 1994:869, Fig. 2 [Copeia 1994 (no. 4); ref. 22062] Little South Fork Cumberland River at ford at Ritner, 20.9 kilometers east of Monticello, 36°47'N, 84°37'W, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: INHS 29588. Paratypes: INHS 58665 (21); SIUC 18001-02 (5, 15); TU 166795 (5); UAIC 2975.03 (7), 10680.01 (5); UF 15878 (6); UMMZ 223255 (5); USNM 325845 (5); UT 44.5856 (5). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:260-261 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:36-37 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis albizonatus Warren & Burr 1994 -- (Mettee et al. 1996:229 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:225 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:284 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis albizonatus Warren & Burr 1994. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama. Habitat: freshwater. albor, Cyprinus Scopoli [J. A.] 1786:73 [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] Lakes of Insubria, northern Italy. No types known. Suppressed in favor of arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- see Kottelat & Bianco 2005:180 [ref. 28261]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat & Bianco 2005:180 [ref. 28261]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. alborella, Aspius De Filippi [F.] 1844:402 [16] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Lombardy, northern Italy. Syntypes: ?NMW 55408 (7). On p. 16 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:98 [ref. 18079]. Leuciscus alburnellus Martens 1857:179, Pl. 9 (fig. 6) is an unjustified emendation (not investigated). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a questionable subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:142 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco 1980:36 [ref. 20633], Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:112 [ref. 21915]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Alburnus alborella (De Filippi 1844) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728] as arborella, Bianco 2013:9 [ref. 32897]). •Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat & Bianco 2005:179 [ref. 28261]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Italy. Habitat: freshwater. alborus, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Raney [E. C.] 1947:1, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 498; ref. 10908] Brush Creek, a tributary of Deep River, 5 miles west of Silver City, Randolph County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 138489. Paratypes: (19) CUMV 10074 (?), 3538 (5), 9619 (2); UMMZ 132797 (1), ?136149 -50 (1, 2), 138332-33 (8, 3), 138488 (8), 138490 (10); USNM 40347 (25, now 27), 93227 (16), 107615 (48). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis alborus (Hubbs & Raney 1947) -- (authors). •Valid as Notropis alborus Hubbs & Raney 1947 -- (Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:221 [ref. 22416], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:350 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:157 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:430 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:879 [ref. 22062], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:292 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis alborus Hubbs & Raney 1947. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina. Habitat: freshwater. albula, Cyprinus Nardo [G. D.] 1827:482, 488 [Isis (Oken) v. 20 (no. 6); ref. 19740] Adriatic Sea basin and France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the type description on one source with a locality to France, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. albula, Leuciscus Lesniewski [P. E.] 1837:38, 39 [Rybactwo krajowe czyli historyja naturalna ryb krajowych. I.; ref. 22005] Poland. •Status uncertain. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. albuloides, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:298 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Iran rivers. •Questionably a synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:125 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. alburniformis, Bliccopsis Siebold [C. T. E. von] 1863:168 [Die Süsswasserfische von Mitteleuropa; ref. 4021] •Proposed for a hybrid, not available; from Kaliningrad, Russia. •Hybrid between Blicca bjoerkna x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. alburniformis, Scardinopsis Benecke [B.] 1884:229 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 7 (no. 165); ref. 19486] Not available, described as a hybrid; from Deutsch-Eylau [now Ilawa, Poland]. •Hybrid between Scardinius erythropthalmus x Blicca bjoerkna -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. alburnoides, Aspius Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1842:214 [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Rivers Vesdre, Ourthem Moselle and tributaries, Bruxelles, Escaut River, Belgium. Syntypes: IRSNB 109 (31), 603-607 (1, 6, 3, 3, 1); ?MHNN 1087 (2). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:146 [ref. 21784], Walschaerts 1987:11 [ref. 20755]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. alburnoides, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:263 [3], Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 54 (1. Abth.); ref. 18777] Stream near Merida, Spain. Lectotype: NMW 49749:2. Paralectotypes: NMW 49749:1, 3-15 (13), 49778 (12). Species not listed in earlier abstract (Steindachner 1866 [ref. 21716]). Also in Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757]. Lectotype selected by Bogutskaya 2000:20 [ref. 24891]. •Valid as Rutilus alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •See Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]. •Valid as Iberocypris alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:199 [ref. 29996]). •Valid as Leuciscus alburnoides Steindachner 1866 -- (Collares-Pereira et al. 1999:466 [ref. 39857]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Bogutskaya 2000:20 [ref. 24891], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:171 [ref. 30270]). •Valid as Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866) -- (Alves et al. 2002:649 [ref. 28744], Collares-Pereira & Coelho 2010:707 [ref. 31439]). Current status: Valid as Squalius alburnoides (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater. alburnolucidus, Leuciscus Linstow [O. F. B. von] 1878:247 [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 44 (pt. 1); ref. 17547] Proposed for a hybrid, not available; from Germany. •Hybrid between Rutilus rutilus x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. alburnus, Aspius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, punt. 157, Pl. 116 (fig. 5) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Italy. No types known. Probably not an original description. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. alburnus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Europe. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Leuciscus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:20 [ref. 39336]). •Valid as Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:746 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:144 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:114 [ref. 37734], Oliva et al. 1988:204 [ref. 26137], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:51 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:79 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:236 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:164 [ref. 29996], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:310 [ref. 29389], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Buj et al. 2010:130 [ref. 30888], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Parin et al. 2014:67 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:43 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Bogutskaya et al. 2017:106 [ref. 35513], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Ćaleta et al. 2019:156 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:388 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia, east to the Black Sea region. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater. albus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6335-36 (2), MNHN 0000-3903 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61-62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1127 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1984:114 [ref. 21915], Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco 2013:6 [ref. 32897]). •Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:261 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius albus (Bonaparte 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Lake Trasimeno (Italy). Habitat: freshwater. albus, Rutilus Marić [D.] 2010:154, Figs. 1-2, 4 [Periodicum Biologorum v. 112 (no. 2); ref. 31525] Lake Skadar, sublacustrine spring Vaskaut, 42°06'26.30"N, 19°17'12.81"E, Montenegro. Holotype: NHMM 600-347. Paratypes: UMFSP 022 (1). •Valid as Rutilus albus Marić 2010 -- (Milosević et al. 2011:1095 [ref. 31524]). •Valid as Leucos albus (Marić 2010) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:391 [ref. 33417]). Current status: Valid as Leucos albus (Marić 2010). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Lake Skadar and Lake Moraca, Montenegro. Habitat: freshwater. alegnotus, Notropis bellus Snelson [F. F., Jr.] 1972:37, Figs 3a, 9 [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 12386] Five Mile Creek, tributary to Valley Creek, U. S. highway 11 bridge, Jefferson County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 53346. Paratypes: CUMV 53354 (68), TU 58810 (10), USNM 204313 (10), UMMZ 197674 (10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:38 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis bellus (Hay 1881), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:237 [ref. 22416], Stein et al. 1985:154 [ref. 22486]). •Valid as Lythrurus alegnotus (Snelson 1972) -- (Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:198 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). •Synonym of Lythrurus bellus (Hay 1881) but a valid subspecies -- (Page & Burr 2011:228 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus alegnotus (Snelson 1972). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Alabama, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. alepidotus, Phoxinellus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1040 [50] footnote [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Livno, Bosnia. Syntypes: MHNN 1018 (1); NMW 51106 (2), 51061 (3); SMF 802 (1). Type catalog: Kottelat 1984:149 [ref. 21784]. On p. 50 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Paraphoxinus alepidotus (Heckel 1843) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Phoxinellus alepidotus Heckel 1843 -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:373 [ref. 27407], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:222 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:33 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:75 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:162 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinellus alepidotus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. aletes, Hudsonius Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1927:502 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 2453] Switz City Swamp, Greene County, Indiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: (3, presumed destroyed in 1906). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis texanus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis texanus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. alfiensis, Rutilus pleurobipunctatus Stephanidis [A.] 1971:183 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Alfios, Pinios, and Vergas River drainages, Peloponnesus, Greece. Syntypes: (22) Lab. Zool. de l'Univ. de Thessalonique, Greece. •Valid as Telestes alfiensis (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Telestes alfiensis (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater. aliciae, Squalius Jouy [P. L.] 1881:19 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 186); ref. 18366] Provo River, near Utah Lake, Utah County, Utah, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 27412 (5, now 3 specimens), USNM (3 pairs of pharyngeal arches). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila copei (Jordan & Gilbert 1881) -- (Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Snyderichthys copei (Jordan & Gilbert 1881) -- (authors). •Valid as Lepidomeda aliciae (Jouy 1881) -- (Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:180 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lepidomeda aliciae (Jouy 1881). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Utah, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. alii, Pseudophoxinus Küçük [F.] 2007:2, Figs. 1, 3 [Turkish Journal of Zoology v. 31; ref. 29115] Ilica Stream, Manavgat, Antalya, Turkey. Holotype: ESFM-PISI/2005-015. Paratypes: SCFK-SDU/169 [? IFC-ESUF] (13). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus alii Küçük 2007 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32816], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:401 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus alii Küçük 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Manavgat River basin (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. almacai, Chondrostoma Coelho [M. M.], Mesquita [N.] & Collares-Pereira [M. J.] 2005:206, Fig. 3(a) [Folia Zoologica: international journal of vertebrate zoology. v. 54 (no. 1-2); ref. 28430] Torgal River, Odemira/Castelão, 37°37'53"N, 8°37'32"W, Mira drainage, southern Portugal. Holotype: MB 05-1870/21. Paratypes: MB 05-1870/1-20 (21). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Chondrostoma almacai Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005 -- (Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Iberochondrostoma almacai (Coelho Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:197 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Iberochondrostoma almacai (Coelho, Mesquita & Collares-Pereira 2005). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Portugal. Habitat: freshwater. alter, Cyprinus leuciscus var. Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:71 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, or Luhaiya, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. altipinnis, Alburnellus Cope [E. D.] 1870:464 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Yadkin River, Roane (= Rowan) County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2846. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2031 (1), 2847 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:Pl. 19 (fig. 37) [ref. 19840]. •Valid as Notropis altipinnis (Cope 1870) -- (Lee et al. 1980:222 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:151 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:440 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:283 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis altipinnis (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Virginia and Georgia. Habitat: freshwater. altivelis, Lepidomeda Miller [R. R.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1960:26, Pls. 1 (fig. D), 3 (fig. D) [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 115; ref. 11934] Outflow of Ash Spring, about 0.25 to 2.5 miles below spring source, Pahranagat Valley, Lincoln County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 125004. Paratypes: UMMZ 125005 (16), UMMZ 124813 (7). •Valid as Lepidomeda altivelis Miller & Hubbs 1960 [but extinct] -- (Lee et al. 1980:202 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:82 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:472 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:37 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:148 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:179 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lepidomeda altivelis Miller & Hubbs 1960. Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. altus, Hudsonius Jordan [D. S.] 1880:301 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 94); ref. 2382] Lake Tupataro, Guanajuato, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 23125 (1). Paralectotypes: MCZ 36017 [ex USNM 23127] (1); USNM 23126 (1), 23127 (now 0), 23128-29 (1, 1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:37-38 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 54, p. 3243 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable and an original type. •Valid as Notropis altus (Jordan 1880) -- (Schönhuth & Doadrio 2003:333 [ref. 27194]). •Valid as Yuriria alta (Jordan 1880) -- (Miller 1991:226 [ref. 20063], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:21 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:78 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:42 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:141 [ref. 28615], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2007:263 [ref. 29756], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Yuriria alta (Jordan 1880). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. altus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:237 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lago Maggiore, Italy. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Based on a figure from Bonaparte. •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. altus, Oreoleuciscus pewzowi var. Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:45, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Tatkhen-teli [Tatche-teli] River, tributary to Dzabkhyn River, Mongolia. Syntypes: ZIN 6380 (7). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus pewzowi Herzenstein 1883 -- (Berg 1949:540 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:91 [ref. 28183]). •Questionably a synonym of Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889 -- (Kottelat 2006:42 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Uncertain as Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. altus, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:688 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Tributaries to Yenisey [Yenisei] River, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 3235 (6+). Also as Bull. Akad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersburg, v. 30:535. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. alutaceus, Acrocheilus Agassiz [L.] & Pickering [C.] in Agassiz 1855:99 [29] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 19 (no. 55); ref. 71] Willamette Falls, Oregon City, Clackamas County, Oregon; Wallawalla River at Whitman, Walla Walla County, Washington, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 83357 (2, 1 a skin) Walla Walla R. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395]. On p. 29 of separate. •Valid as Acrocheilus alutaceus Agassiz & Pickering 1855 -- (Lee et al. 1980:140 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:58 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:70 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:384 [ref. 23389], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:386 [ref. 24570], Coffie 1998:154 [ref. 25003], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:118 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:56 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:163 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Gila alutacea (Agassiz & Pickering 1855). Current status: Valid as Gila alutacea (Agassiz & Pickering 1855). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western North America: British Columbia and western U.S.A. states. Habitat: freshwater. alvarezdelvillari, Cyprinella Contreras-Balderas [S.] & Lozano-Vilano [M. de L.] 1994:898, Fig. 1 [Copeia 1994 (no. 4); ref. 22061] Balneario La Concha, 9 kilometers southwest of Peñón Blanco, Durango, Mexico. Holotype: UANL 8302. Paratypes: AMNH 47834 [ex UANL 8303 & 11131] (4); BMNH 1990.6.23.3-6 [ex UANL 8310] (4); CAS [ex UANL 8303 & 11131] (4), 54426 (1); IPN P4436 [ex UANL 8310] (4); TNHC 17459 [ex UANL 8310] (4); UANL 8303 (276, now 256), 8310 (192, now 168), 8315-16 (12, 1), 8266 (1), 11131 (2, ? now 0); TU 157269 [ex UANL 8310] (4); UALA [ex UANL 8310] 9115.01 (4); UMMZ [ex UANL 8303 & 11131] 214693 (8); UNAM [ex UANL 8303 & 11131] 3239 (4); USNM 308111 [ex UANL 8310] (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:2-3 [ref. 23752]. •Valid as Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano 1994 -- (Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:109 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella alvarezdelvillari Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano 1994. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: tributary of the Nazas River, endorheic Río Penon Blanco system, from Ojo la Concha spring to 8 km downstream (Durango, Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater. alvarezi, Algansea Romero [H.] 1967:49, Fig. 1 [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 14 (for 1965); ref. 7840] Upper Lerma River basin, Matravatío de Ocampo, Michoacán, Mexico. Holotype: ENCB. Paratypes: (204) ENCB; IPN P949 (20), P962 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. alvordensis, Gila Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1972:102 [Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History v. 17 (no. 8); ref. 2260] Trout Creek, Harney County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 130495. Paratypes: UMMZ 130496-98 (198, 1, 149), 130533-35 (536, 112, 299). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila alvordensis Hubbs & Miller 1972 -- (Lee et al. 1980:159 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:77 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:17 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Siphateles alvordensis (Hubbs & Miller 1972) -- (Page & Burr 2011:173 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Siphateles alvordensis (Hubbs & Miller 1972). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A.: Oregon and Nevada. Habitat: freshwater. amabilis, Alburnus Girard [C. F.] 1856:193 [29] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río Leona (tributary to Río Nueces), Uvalde, Uvalde County, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 72. Paralectotypes: (orig. 15) ANSP 3151 [ex USNM 72] (1), MCZ 1684 [ex USNM 72] (2), UMMZ 56288 (1), USNM 427771 (25). Plus pharyngeal arch as USNM 2677 in osteological coll. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24-25 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395]. On p. 29 of separate. Lectotype selected by Conway & Kim 2016:329 [ref. 34355]. •Valid as Notropis amabilis (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:223 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:136 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:38 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:131 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:262 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Conway & Kim 2016:309 [ref. 34355]). Current status: Valid as Notropis amabilis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. amara, Algoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:181 [17] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Laguna near Fort Brown [= Brownsville], on Rio Grande del Norte [Rio Bravo], Cameron County, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 149 (plus pharyngeal arches # 2727). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:38-39 [ref. 23395]. On p. 17 of separate. •Status uncertain -- (Lee et al. 1980:177 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Hybognathus amarus (Girard 1856) -- (Cook et al. 1992 [ref. 19894], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:16 [ref. 22290], Schmidt 1994:622 [ref. 22424], Bestgen & Propst 1996:41 [ref. 22399], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:126 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:217 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybognathus amarus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern U.S.A. (Texas and New Mexico) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. amarus, Hudsonius Girard [C. F.] 1856:210 [46] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Chesapeake Bay, and as far up the Potomac River as Washington D.C., U.S.A. Syntypes: ?ANSP 2062-63 (2); UMMZ 56292 [ex USNM 17] (1), USNM 15 (6, now 0, 1 pharyngeal arch as # 2636), 16 (7, now 0, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as # 2637), 17 (10 now 0, 4 sets or arches as # 2638). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:25 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395]. On p. 46 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) -- (Gilbert 1978:25 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:195 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:460 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. amatlana, Yuriria Domínguez-Domínguez [O.], Pompa-Domínguez [A.] & Doadrio [I.] 2007:263, Fig. 2A [Graellsia, Revista de Zoologia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. v. 63 (no. 2); ref. 29756] Río Chiquito, Ixtian del Río, Amatlan de Cañas, Nayrit, Mexico, 20°48'02.1"N, 104°25'37.1"W. Holotype: CPUM 1631. Paratypes: CNP-IBUNAM P.14437 (5); CPUM 1610-1630 (21); MNCN 259039-41 (3). •Valid as Yuriria amatlana Domínguez-Domínguez, Pompa-Domínguez & Doadrio 2007 -- (Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Yuriria amatlana Domínguez-Domínguez, Pompa-Domínguez & Doadrio 2007. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific watersheds of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. amblops, Rutilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:241 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Falls of the Ohio River, at Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:90 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:51 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Notropis amblops (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395], Bailey et al. 2004:86 [ref. 27882]). •Valid as Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1978:90 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:181 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:137 [ref. 22186], Warren & Burr 1988:181 [ref. 13844], Robison & Buchanan 1988:183 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:160 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:49 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:175 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:345 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:90 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:193 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:80 [ref. 25838], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:112 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:186 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:296 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. amecae, Algansea Pérez-Rodríguez [R.], Pérez-Ponce de León [G.], Domínguez-Domínguez [O.] & Doadrio [I.] 2009:485, Fig. 2A [Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad v. 80; ref. 30469] Tributary to the Ameca River [Pacific watershed] at La Coronilla, 13 kilometers south of Ameca City, Jalisco, central Mexico, 20°28'09.4"N, 104°04'10.6"W. Holotype: CPUM 2079. Paratypes: CNP-IBUNAM 14622 (3), CPUM 1612 (25). •Valid as Algansea amecae Pérez-Rodríguez, Pérez-Ponce de León, Domínguez-Domínguez & Doadrio 2009 -- (Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Algansea amecae Pérez-Rodríguez, Pérez-Ponce de León, Domínguez-Domínguez & Doadrio 2009. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Central America: tributary to the Ameca River at La Coronilla, central Mexico (Pacific watershed). Habitat: freshwater. amecae, Notropis Chernoff [B.] & Miller [R. R.] 1986:172, Figs. 2, 5, 7, 8 [Copeia 1986 (no. 1); ref. 6782] Río Teuchitlán on eastern edge of Teuchitlán, state of Jalisco, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 212500. Paratypes: UMMZ 160910 (2), 172218 (20, 4 c&s), 173547 (8), 173800 (7), 192181 (8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis amecae (Chernoff & Miller 1986) -- (Miller 2006:127 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Notropis amecae Chernoff & Miller 1986 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Lyons & Mercado-Silva 2004:873 [ref. 28048], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30768], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis amecae Chernoff & Miller 1986. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. americanus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] (ex Gardin) 1766:530 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: LS 86-87 (2, left half-skins). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cyprinus americanus Linnaeus 1758, a sciaenid (see Wheeler 1985:29, 31 [ref. 20705]). Based on manuscript description and specimens sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Wheeler 1985:29 [ref. 20705]). •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. americanus, Plargyrus Cope [E. D.] 1865:281 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Saginaw Bay; Grosse Isle, Detroit River, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Apparently not an original description but not evident from text. •Probably the same as Cyprinus americanus Linnaeus 1766, and, if so, would be in the synonymy of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. amirkabiri, Alburnus Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.], Khataminejad [S.], Eagderi [S.], Abbasi [K.], Nasri [M.], Jouladeh [A.] & Vasil'eva [E. D.] 2015:43, Figs. 2-4, 5-6a [Journal of Ichthyology v. 55 (no. 1); ref. 33691] Markazi Province, Ghareh-Chay River, in the Namak Lake basin, 34°53′N, 050°02′E, Iran. Holotype: VMFC ALB201H. Paratypes: VMFC, ZMMU. •Valid as Alburnus amirkabiri Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust, Khataminejad, Eagderi, Abbasi, Nasri, Jouladeh & Vasil’eva 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Esmaeili et al. 2017:34 [ref. 35254]). •Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 -- (Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:499 [ref. 35603], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. ammophilus, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] & Boschung [H. T.] 1990:50, Figs. 1, 3-4 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 27 (no. 2); ref. 19827] Chilatchee Creek, tributary Alabama River, 0.3 mile north of Alberta, highway 5, Dallas-Wilcox County line, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 151630. Paratypes: CUMV 71712 (20); GSA 6865.07 (84); TU 60871 (1147), 121386 (129), 125388 (292), 140934 (207), 145519 (117), 151631 (124), 153083 (98), 153185 (296), 154399 (25), 154734 (19); Univ. Alabama Ichthyol. coll. 265.04 (74), 2362.13 (116), 5899.04 (172); UF 78362 (20); UMMZ 214869 (20), 215189 (100); USNM 301164 (10); UT 44.4341 (19), 44.4504 (20). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:36-37 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis ammophilus (Suttkus & Boschung 1990) -- (Boschung 1992:49 [ref. 23239]). •Valid as Notropis ammophilus Suttkus & Boschung 1990 -- (Page & Burr 1991:144 [ref. 18983], Suttkus 1991:7 [ref. 19117], Etnier & Starnes 1993:207 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:231 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:39 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:186 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:226 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:272 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis ammophilus Suttkus & Boschung 1990. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Alabama, Tennessee and Mississippi. Habitat: freshwater. amnigenus, Tirodon Hay [O. P.] 1882:68 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 2 (for 1882); ref. 2054] Pearl River at Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 32157. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz 1855 -- (Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:420 [ref. 24570], Ross et al. 2001:160 [ref. 25978]). Current status: Synonym of Hybognathus nuchalis Agassiz 1855. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. amnis, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Greene [C. W.] in Hubbs 1951:2, 14, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-2) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 530; ref. 10773] A channel of Mississippi River, 1 mile north of the Prairie du Chien, Crawford County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 75435. Paratypes: MCZ 36079 (3); UMMZ 72002 (1), 72004 (2), 76634 (3), 76797 (2), 77705 (8), 77959 (1), 78186 (30), 78222 (16), 78246 (68), 78279 (11), 78312 (11), 78361 (8), 100918 (2), 100949 (4), 117559 (2); USNM 69335 (1), 93514 (7), 93517 (20), 117559 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:25 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis amnis Hubbs & Greene 1951 -- (Gilbert 1978:25 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:224 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:197 [ref. 23393], Warren & Burr 1988 [ref. 13844], Lyons et al. 2000:25 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:188 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Hybopsis amnis (Hubbs & Greene 1951) -- (Page & Burr 1991:161 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:176 [ref. 22809], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:114 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybopsis amnis (Hubbs & Greene 1951). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. amoenus, Alburnellus Abbott [C. C.] 1874:334, Fig. 78 [American Naturalist v. 8 (no. 6); ref. 15626] Delaware and Raritan Canal, probably in Mercer County, New Jersey, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:25-26 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis amoenus (Abbott 1874) -- (Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:225 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:170 [ref. 22186], Page & Burr 1991:132 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:399 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:118 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:101 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:254 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis amoenus (Abbott 1874). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. amphigenus, Scardinopsis Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1870:110 [Congrès Scientifique de France 36ème Session, Chartres (1869); ref. 23077] Proposed for a hybrid, not available; from Belgium. •Hybrid between Rutilus rutilus x Scardinius erythrophthalmus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. amplamala, Notropis Pera [T. P.] & Armbruster [J. W.] 2006:424, Figs. 4, 5B [Copeia 2006 (no. 3); ref. 28795] 5 kilometers northeast of Bleecker, County road 379, Wacoochee Creek, Lee County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: AUM 39911. Paratypes: ANSP 180646 (5); AUM 2266 (17), 39912 (64); INHS 99095 (5); TU 198057 (5), UAIC 14126.01 (5); UF 148374 (5). •Valid as Notropis amplamala Pera & Armbruster 2006 -- (Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Ericymba amplamala (Pera & Armbruster 2006) -- (Page & Burr 2011:295 [ref. 31215], Robins et al. 2018:87 [ref. 35886] without parentheses). Current status: Valid as Notropis amplamala Pera & Armbruster 2006. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Gulf Slope drainages, southeastern U.S.A.: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana and Florida. Habitat: freshwater. analostana, Cyprinella Girard [C. F.] 1859:59 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 11; ref. 1821] Rock Creek, tributary of Potomac River, opposite Analostan Island (Theodore Roosevelt Island), Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Syntypes: apparently lost. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis analostanus (Girard 1859) -- (Gibbs 1963:520 [ref. 21327], Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:226 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:176 [ref. 22186]). •Valid as Cyprinella analostana Girard 1859 -- (Mayden 1989:73 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:120 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:361 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:68 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:40 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:62 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:237 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella analostana Girard 1859. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: northeastern U.S.A. and southeastern Canada. Habitat: freshwater. anatolicus, Acanthorutilus Hankó [B.] 1925:141, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici v. 21 (for 29 Dec. 1924); ref. 2035] Eregli, probably Lake Ak [Akgöl], Turkey. Syntypes: (21) MNHN 1928-0221 [ex MNSB [Mus. Nat. Hongrois]] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó 1925) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:268 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:157 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:175 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:304 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:4 [ref. 31802], Sasi 2011:238 [ref. 31703] dated 1924, Küçük et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32816], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:402 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó 1925). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Akgöl, Karaman Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. anatolicus, Leuciscus lepidus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1997:173 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 94; ref. 23566] Beyşehir Gölü, central Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 8864. Paratypes: ZMH 1134 (1), 2463 (8), 6635 (1), 6638 (1), 22787 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843), but presumed valid as a subspecies as described. •Valid as Leuciscus anatolicus Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997) -- (Turan et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:114 [ref. 31360], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius anatolicus (Bogutskaya 1997). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü tributaries, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. anceps, Scardiniopsis Jäckel [A. J.] 1864:64 [Abhandlungen des Zoologisch-Mineralogischen Vereines Regensburg v. 9 (1864); ref. 2338] Proposed for a hybrid, not valid; from Altmühl River, Germany. •Intergeneric hybrid: Rutilus rutilus x Scardinius erythrophthalmus. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. angorensis, Chondrostoma nasus Elvira [B.] 1987:117 [Cybium v. 11 (no. 2); ref. 6743] Eskishir, Turkey. Holotype: NMW 52234:1. Paratypes: NMW 52234:2-11 (10), 52235 (3), 52477 (3). Other material: MSNC (uncat., 2); NMW 52233 (4), 52236 (6), 52478-80 (3, 3, 7). •Questionably a synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758), or a valid species -- (Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as angorense -- (Bogutskaya 1997:151 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:170 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Chondrostoma angorense Elvira 1987 -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Fricke et al. 2007:36 [ref. 29533], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[11] [ref. 37627], Küçük et al. 2021:246 [ref. 38611], Çiçek et al. 2023:395 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma angorense Elvira 1987. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya and Kιzιlιrmak basin (Black Sea tributaries), Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. angrenicus, Leuciscus Serov [N. P.] 1941:72 [Izvestija Uzbekistanskogo Filiala Akademii Nauk SSSR v. 4; ref. 21754] Angren River in basin of Syr-Darya, Uzbekistan. •Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. angusticephalus, Oreoleuciscus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2001:35, Figs. 7-8 [Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences v. 287; ref. 26833] Channel between lakes Khirgis-Nur and Airik-Nur, western Mongolia. Holotype: ZIN 50163. Paratypes: ZIN 50164 (7), ZMMGU P-15901 (3), plus 6 osteological preparations. •Valid as Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Bogutskaya 2001 -- (Kottelat 2006:42 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:41 [ref. 28933]). Current status: Valid as Oreoleuciscus angusticephalus Bogutskaya 2001. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Lakes of the Great Lakes basin, Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater. angusticeps, Coregonus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1848:534 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 21; ref. 1013] Saskatchewan, Canada. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:40-41 [ref. 23395]. Not included in "Catalog of Fishes" 1998. Name appeared as: "On pourrait l'appeler Coregonus angusticeps?" Locality and identification questioned (see Gilbert 1998:40-41 [ref. 23395]). Drawing apparently incorrectly with an adipose fin. •Regarded as probably a synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (Gilbert 1998:40-41 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. angustior, Alburnus lucidus var. Walecki [A.] 1863:342, 358 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Regarded as infrasubspecific and unavailable by Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952] but is not infrasubspecific. Unneeded replacement name for Aspius alburnoides Selys-Longchamps 1842. As augustior in Walecki 1864:53 [ref. 22969]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. anjubaulti, Squalius Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1870:113 [Congrès Scientifique de France 36ème Session, Chartres (1869); ref. 23077] Proposed for a hybrid, not available; from: Loire R. basin, France. •Hybrid between Leuciscus leuciscus x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. annoni, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:32 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Rhine River, near Basel, Switzerland. No types known. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. annulatum, Exoglossum Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:421, Pl. 17 (fig. 3) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 3588] Fishkill River, which falls into the Hudson River above the Highlands, New York, U.S.A. No type known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. Species account indicates illustration on fig. 4 of Pl. 17, but description matches fig. 3. •Synonym of Exoglossum maxillingua (Lesueur 1817) -- (Smith 1986:132 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Exoglossum maxillingua (Lesueur 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. anogenus, Notropis Forbes [S. A.] 1885:138 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 2 (art. 2); ref. 1344] Fox River at McHenry, McHenry County, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: INHS 26948 (poor condition). Paralectotypes: (23) INHS 26949 (now 5), USNM 64153 (7). Type catalog: Smith & Bridges 1960:253 [ref. 21197], Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Sabaj et al. 1997:261 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Bailey 1959:120 [ref. 21198]. •Valid as Notropis anogenus Forbes 1885 -- (Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:227 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:185 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:157 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:438 [ref. 24570], Lyons et al. 2000:25 [ref. 26594], Holm et al. 2002:618 [ref. 26241], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:87 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:291 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis anogenus Forbes 1885. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. and Lake Ontario drainage, Canada. Habitat: freshwater. anomalous, Rutilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:241 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Licking River, Kentucky, etc., Ohio River drainage, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:52 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Lee et al. 1980:143 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:126 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:169 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:58 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:93 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:93 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:11 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:139 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:300 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Stauffer et al. 1995:59 [ref. 23376], Baxter & Stone 1995:56 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:51 [ref. 23394], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:52 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:22 [ref. 26594], Holm & Grossman 2001:157 [ref. 25429], Ross et al. 2001:126 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:84 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:11 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Miller 2006:108 [ref. 28615], Cashner et al. 2010:304 [ref. 30834] with subspecies, Minckley & Marsh 2009:175 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:195 [ref. 31215] with subspecies, Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern Canada, eastern and central U.S.A. to Mexico. Ohio River and upper Atlantic drainages [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. antalyae, Pseudophoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1992:274, Fig. 2b [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 89; ref. 22066] Stream Kirkgöz near Antalya, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 1114. Paratypes: ZMH 1681 (2), 2445 (41), plus 1 osteol. prep. Type catalog: Wilkens & Dohse 1993:412 [ref. 21161]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus antalyae Bogutskaya 1992 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:175 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:305 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:4 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:402 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus antalyae Bogutskaya 1992. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributaries, Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. antica, Algansea Cope [E. D.] 1865:282 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Texas, U.S.A. (doubtless erroneous, probably from Nevada or an adjacent state). Lectotype: ANSP 4911. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4912-13 (2), 16868 (1, dry skeleton, in pieces). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:68 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1913:69, Fig. 5 [ref. 22249]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. anuli, Pimephales Kendall [W. C.] 1903:360, Fig. 2 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 12340] Cross Lake Thoroughfare (stream connecting Salmon and Cross lakes), Aroostook County, Maine, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 50830. Paratypes: USNM 126832 [ex USFC 2745] (1); non-types questionably referred to species: ANSP 142733 (2); FMNH 4821 (15); UMMZ 87090 [ex MCZ 30249] (3); USNM 50831 (now 50), 221230 (11). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:66 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820 -- (Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. aphanea, Algansea Barbour [C. D.] & Miller [R. R.] 1978:21, Fig. 6 [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 155; ref. 7033] Río Ayutla, 10 kilometers west of jct. of Mascota road with highway 80, about 4.8 kilometers southeast of Ayutla, Jalisco, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 193377. Paratypes: ANSP 136517 (10); CAS 40708 (10); FMNH 83855 (10); TU 105478 (10); UMMZ 178363 (78, 3 c&s), 192196 (221, 6 c&s); USNM 218275 (10). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:7 [ref. 12367], Bart & Taylor 1993:31 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Algansea aphanea Barbour & Miller 1978 -- (Barbour & Miller 1994:674 [ref. 21563], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:10 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:41 [ref. 23395], Lyons 2003:283 [ref. 27768], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:104 [ref. 28615], Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2009:486 [ref. 30469], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Algansea aphanea Barbour & Miller 1978. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. aphipsi, Leuciscus Aleksandrov [A. I.] 1927:155, Fig. [Trudy Kerčenskoj Naučnoj Rybochozjajstvennoj Stancii v. 1 (nos 2-3); ref. 15835] Aphips River above Krepostnaya, Kuban Basin, Russia. Neotype: ZIN 50427. Syntypes: (64) destroyed. Neotype designated by Bogutskaya & Poznyak 1994:309 [ref. 22694]. •Valid as Leuciscus aphipsi Aleksandrov 1927 -- (Berg 1949:562 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Poznyak 1994:308 [ref. 22694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Squalius aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:88 [ref. 28183], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:262 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Dyldin et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37569]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Freyhof et al. 2018:131 [ref. 35889], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus aphipsi (Aleksandrov 1927). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Kuban River, Transcaucasia, northwestern Caucasus (Russia). Habitat: freshwater. aphnitis, Vimba vimba tenella natio Battalgil [F.] 1941:181 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Manyas Lake, Turkey. •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. aphya, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] River Agger north of Lohmar, 50°50'N, 7°12'E, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany. Neotype: NRM 55108. Spelled aphia by Bonnaterre 1788:196 [ref. 4940] and authors. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Neotype validly designated by Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201]; the neotype is the same as the neotype for Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758 making them simultaneous objective synonyms. See also Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201] for other nomenclatural issues. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:588 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:20 [ref. 22798], Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Kottelat 2007:155 [ref. 29201], Denys et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37846]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. apollonicus, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:10, Figs. 13-15 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Upper River Moraca tributary to Lake Skadar, Montenegro. Holotype: IZA 87103-1. Paratypes: IZA. First revisor action in an unavailable publication, not valid. •Synonym of Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:12 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. apollonitis, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1857:374 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1856 (pt 24) (art. 2); ref. 18632] Lake Apollonitis [Apulyont], northwestern Turkey. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1856.5.2.6. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. aradensis, Leuciscus Coelho [M. M.], Bogutskaya [N. G.], Rodrigues [J. A.] & Collares-Pereira [M. J.] 1998:943, Fig. 2 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 52 (no. 5); ref. 24127] Arade River, Silves, Arade basin, Portugal. Holotype: MB 23296/05-1219a. Paratypes: MB 23296/05-1219b (10), 7193/05-325 (2). •Valid as Leuciscus aradensis Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998. •Valid as Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:21 [ref. 2874], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:263 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius aradensis (Coelho, Bogutskaya, Rodrigues & Collares-Pereira 1998). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Algibre River basin, southern Portugal. Habitat: freshwater. aralensis, Abramis sapa Tiapkin [P. M.] 1939:149 [Archives du Musée Zoologique de l'Université de Moscou v. 5; ref. 13186] Aral Sea, lower part of Amu-Daria, and Syr-Daria River, Kazakalpakstan and Uzbekistan. Syntypes: ZMMU P-3364 (2). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:257 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:17 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814), subspecies bergi Belyaeff 1930 -- (Berg 1949:784 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814), but a valid supspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1988:161 [ref. 37734], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. aralensis, Alburnus chalcoides Berg [L. S.] 1923:272, 506 [ ref. 16807] Vozrozhdenie Island, Aral Sea. No types known. Appeared in footnote on p. 272, and in text with a diagnosis on p. 506. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:742 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:107 [ref. 37734], Bogutskaya 1998:59 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. aralensis, Rutilus rutilus Berg [L. S.] 1916:134 [Les Poissons des eaux douces de la Russie; ref. 277] Aral Sea. Syntypes: ?ZIN. Not available, infrasubspecific according to Kottelat 1997. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:505 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:12 [ref. 13497], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:32 [ref. 37731], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. aralychensis, Leuciscus cephalus orientalis natio Barach [G. P.] 1934:109 [Trudy Instytufu Zoolohii i Biolohii = Reports of the Institute of Zoology and Biology = Travaux de l'institut de Zoologie et Biologie, Akademija Nauk URSR. v. 1; ref. 21471] Syntypes: ZMT 22-11 (10). Not available, infrasubspecific; from Karasu River, near town of Aralyky, Turkey. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. arborella, Aspius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:Fasc. 30, punt. 157 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Lakes of northern Italy. No types known. Syntypes: ANSP 6075-6076 (1,1). Described in the account of Aspius alburnis but regarded as available. Treated as a nomenproctectum under art. 23.9.1.2 by Kottelat & Bianco 2005:180 [ref. 28261] •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat & Bianco 2005:179 [ref. 28261], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:165 [ref. 29996], Buj et al. 2010:131 [ref. 30888], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Ćaleta et al. 2019:157 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. arcansanus, Notropis telescopus var. Meek [S. E.] 1891:133 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 9 (art. 9) (for 1889); ref. 12399] Spring Branch, town of Mommouth Spring, White River basin, Fulton County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 1027 (poor condition). Paralectotypes: ANSP 3251-58 (8), CAS-SU 68040 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:41-42 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042]. •Synonym of Notropis telescopus (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1969:487 [ref. 21331], Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis telescopus (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. arcasii, Leucos Steindachner [F.] 1866:14 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21709] Ebro River at Logroño, La Rioja, and Cailes [Queiles] River at Tudela, Navarra, Spain. Syntypes: (many) NMW 50639-49 (3, 2, 3, 4, 3, 30, 2, 5, 6, 20, 9), 50650-51 (3, 27), 49760 (4), 49752-777 (75 spec., 26 lots), 60743 (1), 60485 (1). Species first described in the abstract above, later described in more detail in Steindachner 1866 [ref. 14058], p. 199 [p. 2 of separate]; also appeared in Steindachner 1866:14 [p. 9 of separate] [ref. 18776] as Leuciscus (Leucos) arcasii and in Steindachner 1866:311 [ref. 21711] and Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757] as Leuciscus arcasii. Misspelled arca by Seeley 1886:179 [ref. 30373] in genus Leuciscus. •Valid as Rutilus arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]. •Valid as Chondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Robalo et al. 2005:24 [ref. 28431], Gante et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29300], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:156 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Doadrio et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40184]). Current status: Valid as Achondrostoma arcasii (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwest Europe: Ebro and Levantine (Mijares, Turia and Palancia) drainages, Spain. Habitat: freshwater. archidion, Algansea monticola Barbour [C. D.] & Miller [R. R.] 1994:667, Fig. 4 [Copeia 1994 (no. 3); ref. 21563] Río Huaynamota drainage, 1.4 kilometers west of Huejuquilla, tributary to the Río Huejuquilla, Arroyo San José, Jalisco, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 220231. Paratypes: UMMZ 211056 (102), 215210 (62, 5 c&s). Other specimens: UMMZ 216114 (53, 4 c&s). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Algansea monticola Barbour & Contreras-Balderas 1968, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:11 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:106 [ref. 28615]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea monticola Barbour & Contreras-Balderas 1968. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. ardebilicus, Leuciscus cephalus orientalis natio Barach [G. P.] 1934:114 [Trudy Instytufu Zoolohii i Biolohii = Reports of the Institute of Zoology and Biology = Travaux de l'institut de Zoologie et Biologie, Akademija Nauk URSR. v. 1; ref. 21471] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Balyk-tchai River, trib. of Karasu, near Ardabil, Iran. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies orientalis Nordmann 1840 -- (Berg 1949:557 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. ardens, Hypsilepis Cope [E. D.] 1868:163 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Headwaters of Roanoke River, Montgomery County, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 3268. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3269-3316 (48), BMNH 1868.1.10.23 (orig. 8, now 2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910 [ref. 19840]. •Valid as Notropis ardens (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:228 [ref. 22416], Snelson 1990 [ref. 21030]). •Valid as Lythrurus ardens (Cope 1868) -- (Page & Burr 1991:114 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:51 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:187 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:382 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:99 [ref. 23376], Dimmick et al. 1996:818 [ref. 22600], Mettee et al. 1996:207 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fuller et al. 1999:92 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:225 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus ardens (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: West Virginia, Virginia and North Carolina. Habitat: freshwater. ardesiaca, Gila Cope [E. D.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:660, Pl. 30 (figs. 1, 1a-b) [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Locality unknown [= probably Nevada or Arizona, U.S.A.]. Holotype (unique): USNM 16974. •Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858) -- (La Rivers 1994:399 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. ardesiaca, Lavinia Snyder [J. O.] 1913:58, Pl. 24 (fig. 26); Fig. 1 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 32 (Doc. 776) (for 1912); ref. 4153] Pajaro River near Watsonville, Santa Cruz County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 74459. Paratypes: BMNH 1900.9.29.177 [from Jordan] (1); CAS-SU 22490 (47); USNM 49578 (1), 75356-59 (38, 2, 22, 27), 75360-63 (20, 39, 24, 41), 75683 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:32 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]. Many of the paratypes are hybrids between Lavinia exilicauda and Hesperoleucas symmetricus (see Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395]). SU 22490 has 47 specimens, not 12 as listed in Gilbert 1998:42. •Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854, subspecies harengus Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:42 [ref. 23395], Page & Burr 2011:158 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Pajaro and Salinus rivers, California [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. arenatus, Rhinichthys Garman [S.] 1881:87 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 1530] Sand Hill River, northern Minnesota, U.S.A. Syntypes: UMMZ 86658 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:42-43 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris Agassiz 1854 -- (Gilbert 1998:42-43 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. arge, Alburnellus Cope [E. D.] 1867:388 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Detroit or St. Joseph rivers, Michigan, U.S.A. [locality confused]. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:26 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis photogenis (Cope 1865) -- (Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis photogenis (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. argentatus, Plargyrus Girard [C. F.] 1856:212 [48] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] James River system, Virginia, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:26-27 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. On p. 48 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. argenteus, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:38 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Apparently name only, not available; perhaps refers to Leuciscus argenteus of earlier authors. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. argenteus, Leuciscus Selys-Longchamps [E. de] (ex Agassiz) 1842:205 [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Belgium. Syntypes: MNHN 0256 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832 and Storer 1839. 1°Homonym. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. argenteus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1839:406 [90] [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 2 (nos 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 4278] Worcester County, Massachusetts, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 90 of separate. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus argenteus Fitzinger 1832. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. argenteus, Leuciscus Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] (ex Agassiz) 1832:336 [Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreichs unter der Enns, Wien v. 1; ref. 5019] Unneeded new name for Cyprinus leuciscus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. argenteus, Squalius vulgaris var. Walecki [A.] 1863:342, 363 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Apparently not available; unclear to which species of other authors this name is applied and no other description given. Also in Walecki 1864:27 [ref. 22969]. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. argentissimus, Plagopterus Cope [E. D.] 1874:130 [2] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 14; ref. 932] "San Luis Valley, western Colorado, U.S.A." [probably southwestern Utah, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: ANSP 19851-52 (2), BMNH 1883.12.14.239 [ex. USNM 15576] (1); MCZ 18817 (2), CAS-SU 2003 (1), USNM 15576 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. On p. 2 of separate. Miller & Hubbs 1960:34 [ref. 11934] discuss types and type locality problems. Jordan & Evermann 1896:329 [ref. 2443] listed the type as USNM 15776, but that lot contains 3 specimens. •Valid as Plagopterus argentissimus Cope 1874 -- (Lee et al. 1980:344 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:83 [ref. 18983], Swift et al. 1993:117 [ref. 22379], La Rivers 1994:475 [ref. 23389], Williams 1995:400 [ref. 22136], Sigler & Sigler 1996:107 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:138 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:138 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:158 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:181 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Plagopterus argentissimus Cope 1874. Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: North America: Middle and lower Colorado River system, southwestern U.S.A. and northwestern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. argentosa, Dionda Girard [C. F.] 1856:178 [14] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] San Felipe Creek and Devil's River, two tributaries of Rio Grande del Norte (Rio Bravo), Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1676 [ex USNM 33] (1) Devil's R., MNHN 0000-0354 [ex USNM 33] (1); USNM 32 (14, and 1 phyrngeal bone as # 2646) San Felipe Creek, USNM 33 (4, now 0, one pharyngeal arch as #2647). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. On p. 14 of separate. •Valid as Dionda argentosa Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth et al. 2008:738 [ref. 29831], Page & Burr 2011:200 [ref. 31215], Schönhuth et al. 2011:428 [ref. 36200], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Dionda argentosa Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. argyreiosus, Pogonichthys Girard [C. F.] 1854:153 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 5769] Presidio, San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 190 (4, 2 spec. plus 2 gill arches). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. argyreus, Abramis Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:45 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] No locality. Holotype: ?MNHN 0000-1061 (1 of 2). Appeared first as name only, not available in Agassiz 1835:39 [ref. 22]. Based on a drawing sent by Agassiz; see Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952] for remarks on possible type. •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. argyritis, Hybognathus Girard [C. F.] 1856:182 [18] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Milk River, Montana and Arkansas River near Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 87. Paralectotypes: ANSP 5096 (1); MCZ 1788 [ex USNM 86] (1); MNHN 0000-0350 [ex USNM 86] (2); USNM 86 (orig. 20+, now 1 pair of pharyngeal arches as # 2687), 343578 [ex USNM 87] (6, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as # 2688). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:43-44 [ref. 23395]. On p. 18 of separate. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:43 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybognathus argyritis Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:174 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:59 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:108 [ref. 18983], Schmidt 1994:622 [ref. 22424], Baxter & Stone 1995:74 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:63 [ref. 23394], Bestgen & Propst 1996:51 [ref. 22399], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:417 [ref. 24570], Houston 1998:147 [ref. 25000], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:218 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybognathus argyritis Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America. Habitat: freshwater. argyroleuca, Blicca Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1007 [17], Pl. 1 [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] No locality. Syntypes: NMW 16901 (2), 54918-20 (6, 4, 1). On p. 17 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:763 [ref. 20661] but dated to Heckel & Kner 1858, Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:867 [ref. 34062], Ćaleta et al. 2019:158 [ref. 37026], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. ariommus, Photogenis Cope [E. D.] 1867:378 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] White River, near Indianapolis, Marion County, Indiana, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 16488. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared in Cope 1868:164 [ref. 7316]. •Valid as Notropis ariommus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1969:481 [ref. 21331], Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:229 [ref. 22416], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:352 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:136 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:53 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:208 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:405 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:119 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:233 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:102 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:227 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:261 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis ariommus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern North America: scattered localities. Habitat: freshwater. aristotelis, Squalius Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2011:118, Figs. 8-10 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31360] Stream Behramkale north of Assos, Biga Peninsula, 39°29.91'N, 26°19.99'E, Çanakkale Province, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 2009-944. Paratypes: FSJF 2355 (5); IUSHM 2009-945 (10), 2009-946 (3). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:409 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius aristotelis Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Çanakkale Province, Aegean Sea tributary (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. armeniensis, Alburnoides bipunctatus Dadikyan [M. G.] 1972:566 [550] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 12 (no. 3); ref. 22966] Rivers Arpa, Vorotan, Vedi, Marmarik, Kasakh and their tributaries, basin of river Araks, Armenia. Syntypes: (434) ZIN 37502 (10). On page 550 of English translation. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863) -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:75 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:141 [ref. 30270], Coad & Bogutskaya 2012:47 [ref. 32156], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:295 [ref. 34153], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:114 [ref. 37983]), Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. arquatus, Alburnus Fatio [V.] 1882:433 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Name published in synonymy, not available. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. arrhada, Acanthobrama Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1076 [86] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River at Mosul, Iraq. Syntypes: NMW 55334-36 (8, 1, 1), ?RMNH 2538 [ex NMW] (2), SMF 411 [ex NMW] (2). On p. 86 of separate [ref. 2067]. Listed on p. 1033 [43 of separate] under Acanthobrama as Trachibrama arrhada. •Synonym of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843 -- (Goren et al. 1973:296 [ref. 1853], Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:108 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. arrigonis, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:67 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21715] Lake Uña and Júcar River near Cuenca, Spain. Syntypes: (several) NMW 52161-232 (316 spec., 71 lots), 53409 (5). Species first described in the above abstract, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:16 [p. 11 of separate], Pl. 4 [ref. 18776]. Also in Steindachner 1866:8, 9 [ref. 18757]. •Synonym of Chondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837), but a valid subspecies -- (Elvira 1987:131 [ref. 6743], Lelek 1987:181 [ref. 22962], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036]). •Valid as Chondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952], Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725]). •Valid as Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:371 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:211 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Parachondrostoma arrigonis (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Spain. Habitat: freshwater. asianus, Abramis elongatus var. Steindachner [F.] 1897:689 [5], Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 64; ref. 14691] Kiutahia-Su, near Eskischehir [Eskisehir], Turkey. Syntypes: NMW 55251 (5). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies tenella (Nordmann 1840) -- (Berg 1949:795 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Vimba melanops (Heckel 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. asper, Nocomis Lachner [E. A.] & Jenkins [R. E.] 1971:3, Figs. 1-2 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 91; ref. 7688] Big Spring Creek at Camp Gailand, 8 kilometers south of Locust Grove, Mayes County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 204851. Paratypes: OSUMZ 5106 (4), 5159 (3), 5722 (2); TU 48547 (9), 48613 (28), 48658 (14); USNM 193358 (9), 204852 (15). Additional material at CUMV, NCSM, OSUMZ, TU, UMMZ, UOMZ, USNM. Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:33 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Nocomis asper Lachner & Jenkins 1971 -- (Lee et al. 1980:210 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:194 [ref. 23393], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:85 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:90 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:79 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:132 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:191 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Nocomis asper Lachner & Jenkins 1971. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. asperifrons, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] & Raney [E. C.] 1955:4, Figs. 1-2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 12531] Holly Creek at Ramhurst, 8 miles north of Murray County line on U.S. highway 41, Murray County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 28262. Paratypes: CUMV 28260 (3), 28261 (1), 28263 (7); TU 2974 (22), 3063 (5), 3426 (8), 4251 (28), ?97113 [ex CUMV 28263] (5); UMMZ 111122 (2), 111125 (7), 139104 (3), 162594 (2); USNM 164968-69 (1, 1). Additional material: CUMV (5 lots, 43); UMMZ (2 lots, 7); USNM (2 lots, 19). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Suttkus 1970:118 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:37 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 2009:159 [ref. 30728]. •Valid as Notropis asperifrons Suttkus & Raney 1955 -- (Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:230 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:146 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:53 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:209 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:235 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:228 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:276 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis asperifrons Suttkus & Raney 1955. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia. Habitat: freshwater. aspius, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Swedish lakes. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:160 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:603 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:150 [ref. 22962], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:90 [ref. 23878], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke 1999:22 [ref. 24101], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:83 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:167 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:209 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:32 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:177 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Parin et al. 2014:68 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:52 [ref. 34477], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108] as Aspiuss aspius). •Valid as Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:874 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:55 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:161 [ref. 37026], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:337 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:399 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe to western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. asturicense, Achondrostoma Doadrio [I.], Casal-López [M.] & Perea [S.] 2023:15, Figs. 8D, 11 [Graellsia v. 79 (no. 1): e191; ref. 40184] Truchas River, Duero Drainage, Sotillo de Sanabria, Zamora, Spain,42°05'12.0"N, 6°42'48.5"W, elevation 1.600 meters. Holotype: MNCN_ICTIO 296812. Paratypes: MNCN_ICTIO. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Achondrostoma asturicense Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Achondrostoma asturicense Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwest Europe: Esla River drainage, Duero River basin, Spain and probably in the Duero basin in Protugal. Habitat: freshwater. athabascae, Leuciscus nachtriebi Bajkov [A. D.] 1927:399 [23] [Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries (n. s.) v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15776] Athabasca River and beaver dams at Old Fort Point near Jasper, Alberta, Canada. Syntypes: (8) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:516 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), subspecies nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. atherinoides, Notropis Rafinesque [C. S.] 1818:204 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (3) (Jan. 1818); ref. 3585] "Lake Erie," North America. Syntypes: ?USNM 42505 (2) Judsonia, Arkansas. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:231 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:171 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:199 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:353 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:132 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:210 [ref. 22809], Humphries & Cashner 1994:82 [ref. 21414], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:397 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Baxter & Stone 1995:90 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:121 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:84 [ref. 23394], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Mettee et al. 1996:237 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Sigler & Sigler 1996:98 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:440 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:102 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:190 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:88 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:136 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:229 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, McPhail 2007:92 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:253 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708], Conway & Kim 2016:334 [ref. 34355]). Current status: Valid as Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America. Habitat: freshwater. athurensis, Squalius cephalus var. Roule [L.] & Cardaillac de Saint-Paul [G. del P. de] 1903:732 [Comptes rendus de la ... session, Association Française pour l'Avancement des Sciences. Paris v. 31 (pt 2); ref. 18642] Adour River, southwestern France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. atrapiculus, Notropis (Lythrurus) Snelson [F. F., Jr.] 1972:58, Figs. 3c, 4e-h [Bulletin of the Florida State Museum, Biological Sciences v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 12386] Sikes Creek, tributary to West Fork of Choctawhatchee River, Barbour County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 53343. Paratypes: CUMV 53351 (20), 53142 (26); TU 2509 (36); USNM 204314 (8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:37 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:44-45 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis atrapiculus Snelson 1972 -- (Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:233 [ref. 22416], Stein et al. 1985:154 [ref. 22486]). •Valid as Lythrurus atrapiculus (Snelson 1972) -- (Page & Burr 1991:117 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:51 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:209 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:44 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:93 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:199 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:230 [ref. 31215], Robins et al. 2018:95 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus atrapiculus (Snelson 1972). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.; Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Habitat: freshwater. atraria, Siboma Girard [C. F.] 1856:208 [44] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Fish Spring, Tooele County, Utah, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 236 (pharangeas areches as # 2789). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395]. On p. 44 of separate. Name placed on Official List in Opinion 1872. •Valid as Gila atraria (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:160 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:76 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:395 [ref. 23389], Baxter & Stone 1995:68 [ref. 23374], Andersen & Deacon 1996:124 [ref. 24717], Sigler & Sigler 1996:74 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:72 [ref. 25838], Broughton 2000:651 [ref. 24593], Johnson 2002:948 [ref. 26052], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:180 [ref. 31114], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila atraria (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. atratulus, Cyprinus Hermann [J.] 1804:320 [Observationes zoologicae; ref. 2146] North America. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804) -- (Lee et al. 1980:352 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:147 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:88 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:100 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:59 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:254 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:296 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:158 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:111 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:315 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:491 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:146 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:32 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:248 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:279 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:204 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Kraczkowski & Chernoff 2014:331 [ref. 34840]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. and southeastern Canada. Habitat: freshwater. atrilatus, Pseudaspius Jordan [D. S.] & Thompson [W. F.] 1914:231, Pl. 26 (fig. 3) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 2543] Lake Biwa at Matsubara, Japan. Holotype: FMNH 57075 [ex CM 6012a]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 22610 (4). Type catalog: Henn 1928:72 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Moroco steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Okada 1961:489 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. atripes, Lythrurus Jordan [D. S.] 1878:59 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 10444] Cache River, Johnson County, Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 26295. Paralectotypes: ISNH (none found), CAS-SU 1989 (2), ?MCZ 25030 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Snelson & Pflieger 1975:235 [ref. 12387]. •Synonym of Notropis umbratilis (Girard 1856) -- (Snelson & Pflieger 1975:235 [ref. 12387], Gilbert 1978:27 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), subspecies cyanocephalus Copeland 1877 -- (Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. atrocaudalis, Notropis cayuga var. Evermann [B. W.] 1892:76 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 11(art. 2) (for 1891); ref. 12391] Neches River, about 14 miles east of Palestine (at Palistine and Rusk RR bridge), Anderson County, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 45557. Paralectotypes: (16) CAS-SU 2139 [ex USNM 45557] (1), USNM 125171 [ex USNM 45557] (14). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:27-28 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:45 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Evermann & Kendall 1894:27, Pl. 16 [ref. 12391]; also (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 46, p. 3240 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Valid as Notropis atrocaudalis Evermann 1892 -- (Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:234 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:200 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:159 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:45-46 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:137 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:294 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis atrocaudalis Evermann 1892. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: South-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. atromaculatus, Cyprinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1818:324 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 5, art. 1); ref. 30214] Walkill River, New York State, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:45-46 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Lee et al. 1980:361 [ref. 22416], Smith 1985:153 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:251 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:66 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:84 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:87 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:59 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:257 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:310 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Baxter & Stone 1995:112 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:168 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:113 [ref. 23394], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Mettee et al. 1996:317 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Sigler & Sigler 1996:122 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:507 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:155 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:32 [ref. 26594], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Ross et al. 2001:250 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:110 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:186 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:281 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:187 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: North America. Habitat: freshwater. atronasus, Cyprinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:460 [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] Walkill River, New York, U.S.A. No types known. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804) -- (Smith 1986:148 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. atropatenae, Alburnus Berg [L. S.] 1925:213 [Ezhegodnik. Zoologicheskogo Muzeya Akademii Nauk SSSR. v. 26 (no. 3-4); ref. 15575] Rivers of Lake Urmia, Iran. Syntypes: (46) BMNH 1899.9.30.127 (1), 1899.9.30.128-130 (3); not at ZIN. •Valid as Chalcalburnus atropatenae (Berg 1925) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Coad & Holčík 1999:179 [ref. 25294]). •Valid as Alburnus atropatenae Berg 1925 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:214 [ref. 29340], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:41 [ref. 33691], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:499 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36089], Kaya 2020:327 [ref. 39101], Mouludi-Saleh et al. 2022:292 [ref. 40333]). •Synonym of Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37983]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus atropatenae (Berg 1925) -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:400 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus atropatenae (Berg 1925). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Lake Urmia basin (Azarbayjan province, Iran; Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. atropatenus, Rutilus Derjavin [A. N.] 1937:71 [English p. 77], Fig. [Trudy Azerbaidzhanskogo Filiala, Akademii Nauk SSSR, Zoolocicheskij Serija v. 20; ref. 5035] Turianchi [Turianchay] River, tributary of Kura River, Azerbaijan. Syntypes: (30). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus atropatenus (Derjavin 1937) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus atropatenae -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039]). •Valid as Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin 1937 -- (Berg 1949:536 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus atropatenus Derjavin 1937. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Azerbaijan. Habitat: freshwater. attalus, Alburnus Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2007:235, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29341] River Bakir at Karadere, 39°06.033'N, 27°24.027'E, Turkey. Holotype: ZMB 33733. Paratypes: IUSHM 33700-927 (9), ZMB 33734 (3). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:45 [ref. 35782]. The name attalus is a noun in apposition. •Valid as Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 -- (Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Bayçelebi et al. 2021:391 [ref. 38419], Çiçek et al. 2023:388 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Bakır, Gediz and Koca River systems (Aegean Sea tributary), Izmir and Manisa Provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. aula, Squalius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, punt. 157, Pl. 116 (fig. 4) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Venetian Province, Italy. Lectotype: ANSP 6434 (74 mm SL). Paralectotypes: ANSP 6434 (10) and 6435 (1) not this species: Bianco & Ketmaier 2014. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574] but with incorrect authorship and type. Type catalog: Almaça 1969:1118 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621]. Lectotype selected by Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) by Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:384 [ref. 33417]. •Valid as Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:143 [ref. 21914], Bianco 1988:150 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:238 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:38 [ref. 29926], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Ćaleta et al. 2015:82 [ref. 34877], Levin et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35061], Ćaleta et al. 2019:163 [ref. 37026]). •Valid as Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:382 [ref. 33417], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Vucić et al. 2023:[5] 547 [ref. 40466]). Current status: Valid as Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Adriatic basin (southern Switzerland, northern Italy, Slovenia and Croatia). Habitat: freshwater. aulidion, Notropis Chernoff [B.] & Miller [R. R.] 1986:177, Figs. 3, 5, 7, 8 [Copeia 1986 (no. 1); ref. 6782] Reservoir, about 25 kilometers east of city of Durango, state of Durango, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 212499. Paratypes: UMMZ 161687 (8, 2 c&s), 179646 (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis aulidion (Chernoff & Miller 1986) -- (Miller 2006:127 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Notropis aulidion Chernoff & Miller 1986 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Lyons & Mercado-Silva 2004:873 [ref. 28048], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30768], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis aulidion Chernoff & Miller 1986. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico [apparently extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. aurata, Leuciscus rutilus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:506 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Treated by Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] as infrasubspecific and not available; from Lake Léman, near Rolle, and Rhone River, La Soille, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. aurata, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:200 [36] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Pinto Creek, 15-20 miles southeast of Del Rio, Kinney County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2833-34 [ex USNM 118] (2); MCZ 1689 [ex USNM 118] (2); MNHN 0000-0378 [ex USNM 118] (2); USNM 118 (43 + 1 left arch), 125084 [ex USBF 100] (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]. On p. 36 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis proserpinus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella proserpina (Girard 1856) -- (Mayden 1989:63 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella proserpina (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. auratus, Chondrostomus nasus var. Schäfer [M.] 1844:305 [Moselfauna oder Handbuch der Zoologie; ref. 22979] Moselle River, Trier (Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhineland-Palatinate), Germany. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original genus should have been Chondrostoma. •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Elvira 1987:114 [ref. 6743], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. auratus, Leuciscus idus var. Bade [E.] 1901:128 [Die mitteleuropäischen Süsswasserfische; ihre Naturgeschichte, Lebensweise und ihr Fang. 2 vols. in 1.; ref. 15934] Treated as infrasubspecific and not available by Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. auratus, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. auratus, Notemigonus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1819:421 [Journal de Physique, de Chimie et d'Histoire Naturelle v. 88; ref. 3590] Ohio, Kentucky, and Miami rivers, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (La Rivers 1994:421 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:435 [ref. 24570], Minckley & Marsh 2009:185 [ref. 31114]). •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. ausonii, Alburnus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:437 [Atti della Sesta Riunioni delli Scienziati Italiani, Milano (for 1844); ref. 22968] Not available, name only. •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. australe, Zophendum Jordan [D. S.] 1880:300 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 94); ref. 2382] Lake Tupataro, Guanajuato, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 23130-31 (4, 1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Gilbert 1998:46 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. australis, Extrarius Hubbs [C. L.] & Ortenburger [A. I.] 1929:26 [University of Oklahoma Bulletin, New Series, no. 434, Publications of the University Oklahoma Biological Survey v. 1 (no. 2) (for Apr. 1929); ref. 10902] Red River, 6-9 miles southwest of Hollis, Harmon County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 80347. Paratypes: AMNH 10105 [ex UMMZ 80349] (2); BMNH 1933.1.24.6-8 [ex UMMZ] (3); MCZ 32694 [ex UMMZ 80349] (1); UMMZ 80348-49 (3, 410), 80376 (37), 80383-84 (43, 1), 80410 (1); UOMZ; USNM 93433 (1), 117528 (10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:46-47 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:180 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856) but possibly valid subspecies or species -- (Robison & Buchanan 1988:182 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929) -- (Gilbert 1998:46-47 [ref. 23395], Eisenhour 1999:969 [ref. 24184], Underwood et al. 2003:493 [ref. 27126], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:126 [ref. 27931], Eisenhour 2004:28 [ref. 29854], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Gilbert et al. 2017:501 [ref. 35222], Echelle et al. 2018:546 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis australis (Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Red River, South-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. australis, Leuciscus Castelnau [F. L.] 1878:51 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 762] Norman River, Queensland, Australia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Originally as Leuciscus? australis. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. avia, Algansea monticola Barbour [C. D.] & Miller [R. R.] 1978:10, Fig. 4 [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 155; ref. 7033] Tributary to Río Grande de Santiago, about 4.8 kilometers northeast of highway 15 to Santa María del Oro, Nayarit, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 193378. Paratypes: TU 30816-18 (20, 13, 15); UMMZ 172042 (95), 172047 (45, 4 c&s), 172050 (107), 172112 (136, 6 c&s), 172238 (141, 2 c&s), 172241 (7, 1 c&s), 178311 (471, 5 c&s), 184841 (15), 192167 (1), 192188 (129, 4 c&s). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:31-32 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Algansea avia Barbour & Miller 1978 -- (Barbour & Miller 1994:662 [ref. 21563], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:10 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:104 [ref. 28615], Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2009:486 [ref. 30469], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Algansea avia Barbour & Miller 1978. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. avola, Alburnus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:12 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6066-73 (8). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:69 [ref. 13621]. Appeared first without distinguishing features in Bonaparte 1844:437 [ref. 22968] and with minimal characterization as above. Appeared in more detail in Bonaparte 1846:33 [ref. 519]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. awhasicum, Chondrostoma Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:83 [German p. 177] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] River Mokva near Sukhum-kale, Georgia, Eurasia. Holotype (unique): ?ZMT (not at ZIN). Spelled awchasicum on p. 175. •Synonym of Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 -- (Elvira 1987:118 [ref. 6743], Bogutskaya 1997:169 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:60 [ref. 23589]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. aztecus, Notropis Woolman [A. J.] 1894:63, Pl. 2 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 14 (art. 8) (for 1894); ref. 4804] Canal around Mexico City, D. F., Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 45569. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1894.1.27.58-61 (4); CAS 47420 [ex IU 4851] (3); CAS-SU 644 (now 11); FMNH 6604 (11); USNM 47505 (1), 125172 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:60 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 45, p. 3240 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Synonym of Notropis sallaei (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042] as sallei, Chernoff & Miller 1981:30 [ref. 20981] as sallei). •Synonym of Aztecula sallei (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Aztecula sallaei (Günther 1868). Current status: Synonym of Notropis sallaei (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. badius, Rhinichthys Garman [S.] 1881:60 [Science Observer v. 3 (no. 8); ref. 17890] Branch of the Clinch River, Tennessee [not North Carolina], U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 24952 (orig. 4,now 3); UMMZ 86975 [ex MCZ 24952] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies obtusus Agassiz 1854 -- (Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. baicalensis, Squalidus Dybowski [B. N.] 1874:388, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 24 (no. 3-4); ref. 1172] Rivers of the Baikal Lake system, Russia. Syntypes: ZMB 7941 (1). For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:37-38 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalidus baicalensis Dybowski 1874 -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:69 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:546 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:31 [ref. 13497], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:80 [ref. 37731], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659] as baikalensis, Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Koch & Paepke 1998:162 [ref. 23652], Mitrofanov 2000:42 [ref. 25139], Chereshnev et al. 2001:42 [ref. 26736], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:8 [ref. 27815], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Parin et al. 2014:83 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Kottelat 2006:37 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:38 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:208 [ref. 29996], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus baicalensis (Dybowski 1874). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: North Asia: Lake Baikal basin, Russia; ?China. Habitat: freshwater. baileyi, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] & Raney [E. C.] 1955:71, Figs. 1-2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 2 (no. 5); ref. 12529] Sawacklahatchee Creek, 1.7 miles west of Society Hill on U.S. highway 80, Macon County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 28224. Paratypes: CUMV 16020 (66); TU 2637 (29), 2965 (4), 3066 (41), 3195 (4), 3430 (75), 97110 [ex CUMV 16020] (66); UMMZ 105526 (2), 105554 (73), 124018 (1), 124094 (41), 124117 (45), 146517 (5), 146533 (16), 146544 (97); USNM 163568 (1). Additional material: CUMV (11 lots, 155); TU (8 lots, 83); UMMZ (7 lots, 394). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:118 [ref. 20861], Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:37-38 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis baileyi Suttkus & Raney 1955 -- (Gilbert 1978:28 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:235 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:140 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:239 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:103 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:192 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:230 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:267 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:102 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Notropis baileyi Suttkus & Raney 1955. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Alabama, Mississippi, Georgia and Florida. Habitat: freshwater. bairdi, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Ortenburger [A. I.] 1929:29 [University of Oklahoma Bulletin, New Series, no. 434, Publications of the University Oklahoma Biological Survey v. 1 (no. 2) (for Apr. 1929); ref. 10902] Red River, 6-9 miles southwest of Hollis, Harmon County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 80346. Paratypes: (numerous) BMNH 1933.1.24.3-5 (3); MCZ 36084 (5); UF 14599 [ex UMMZ 80387] (8); UOMZ 6183 (ca. 140), 6197 (3), 6212 (1), 6284 (ca. 100), 6295 (ca. 100), 6350 (ca. 1300); UMMZ 73031 (9), 80344 (1), 80345 (now 574 or 577), 80368 (118), 80378 (now 929), 80387 (now 94), 80402 (3), 80409 (1); USNM 93428 [ex UMMZ 80345] (1), 117560 (10), 163279 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:111 [ref. 21035], Gilbert 1978:28-29 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis bairdi Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929 -- (Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:236 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:201 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:140 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:104 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:138 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:266 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis bairdi Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Central U.S.A.: Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Habitat: freshwater. balchaschana, Phoxinus laevis var. Kessler [K. F.] 1879:283 [Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg v. 25; ref. 2598] Ajagus [Ayaguz] River near Sergiopol [Ayaguz], Lake Balkhash basin, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: (90+) ZIN 4149-50 (6+, 6+). Also appeared in Kessler 1879:234 [ref. 14266]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. baldneri, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:262, Pl. 497 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Geneva at Geneva, Switzerland. Syntypes: MNHN 1969 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:79 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. baliki, Alburnus Bogutskaya [N. G.], Küçük [F.] & Ünlü [E.] 2000:57, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 11 (no. 1); ref. 24445] Manavgat Reservoir, Manavgat River, Antalya, Turkey. Holotype: DUM 63. Paratypes: DUM 64a (4), 64b (2); ZIN 51711-12 (1, 1); ZMH 9079 (3). •Valid as Alburnus baliki Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü 2000 -- (Turan et al. 2006:153 [ref. 28700], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:311 [ref. 29389], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof & Turan 2019:380 [ref. 36535], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:388 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus baliki Bogutskaya, Küçük & Ünlü 2000. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Manavgat River (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. balleropsis, Abramis Agassiz [L.] 1835:39 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. ballerus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:326 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Lakes of Sweden. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Spelled balerus by Bloch & Schneider 1801:437 [ref. 471]. •Valid as Abramis ballerus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:785 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:136 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:172 [ref. 37734], Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:54 [ref. 23589], Fricke 1999:20 [ref. 24101], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:52 [ref. 27894], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:248 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Parin et al. 2014:63 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:76 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:179 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Ćaleta et al. 2019:157 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[30] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Europe to western Asia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. balteatus, Cyprinus (Abramis) Richardson [J.] (ex Gairdner) 1836:301 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River (or tributary thereof), British Columbia, Canada or Washington, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836) -- (Lee et al. 1980:358 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:66 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:71 [ref. 18983], Gold 1994:815 [ref. 22426], La Rivers 1994:403 [ref. 23389], Baxter & Stone 1995:110 [ref. 23374], Andersen & Deacon 1996:124 [ref. 24717], Sigler & Sigler 1996:119 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:47 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:503 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:149 [ref. 25838], Broughton 2000:651 [ref. 24593], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:140 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, McPhail 2007:150 [ref. 31199], Minckley & Marsh 2009:187 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:164 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western Canada and western U.S.A., introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. barbata, Algansea Álvarez [J.] & Cortés [M. T.] 1964:104, Fig. 1 [Ciencia (Mexico City) v. 23 (no. 3); ref. 16705] Río Lerma at Lerma, state of México, Mexico. Holotype: CJA. Paratypes: (16) UMMZ 182347 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:47-48 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Algansea barbata Álvarez & Cortés 1964 -- (Barbour & Miller 1994:663 [ref. 21563], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:10 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:105 [ref. 28615], Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2009:488 [ref. 30469], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Algansea barbata Álvarez & Cortés 1964. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. basak, Leucos Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1006 [48], Pl. 1 [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Croatia. Lectotype: NMW 50723-1. Syntypes: NMW 50723 (1), 50725 (2). Appeared also in Kner 1843:1038 (48 of separate) [ref. 2066] as name only with locality, not available. Plate is of pharyngeal teeth. Appeared in more detail and usually dated to Heckel in Heckel & Kner 1858:111, Fig. 88 [ref. 2078]. Lectotype selected by Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:386 [ref. 33417]. •Valid as Rutilus basak (Heckel 1843) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:149 [ref. 21914], Maric 1988:58 [ref. 20058], Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:239 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:39 [ref. 29926], Marić 2010:153 [ref. 31525], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Ćaleta et al. 2015:82 [ref. 34877], Levin et al. 2017:39 [ref. 35061], Ćaleta et al. 2019:163 [ref. 37026]). •Valid as Leucos basak Heckel 1843 -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:384 [ref. 33417]). Current status: Valid as Leucos basak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Neretva River drainage, (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater. battalgilae, Alburnus Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2007:238, Figs. 4-6 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29341] Lake Gölmarmara at outlet, 38°35.437'N, 28°02.965'E, Turkey. Holotype: ZMB 33735. Paratypes: IUSHM 33600-926 (5), ZMB 33736 (8). Plus non-type material. Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:46 [ref. 35782]. •Possible synonym of Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 -- (Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889]). •Valid as Alburnus battalgilae Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007 -- (Bayçelebi et al. 2021:391 [ref. 38419]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus attalus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. battalgili, Pseudophoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1997:175 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 94; ref. 23566] Central Anatolia, Beysehir Lake basin, Konya endorheic basin, Turkey. Holotype: AMH 8861. Paratypes: ZMH 1080 (2), 2701 (3), 6634 (3). Named for a women so emended to battalgilae in Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], now in use. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus battalgili Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Hrbek et al. 2004:305 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Küçük 2007:7 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32816], Ekmekçi et al. 2015:127 [ref. 34001], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:141 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:402 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus battalgilae Bogutskaya 1997. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü tributaries, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. bearnensis, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:400, Fig. 95 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lake Mariscot, near Biarritz, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2265. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2587 [ex MNHN A-2265] (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus bearnensis (Blanchard 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Adour drainage, France. Habitat: freshwater. beckwithi, Cyprinella Girard [C. F.] 1856:197 [33] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Sluices of Arkansas River near Fort Makee, Kansas, U.S.A. Syntypes: (9) ANSP 3053 (1, missing), MCZ 1801 (1), MNHN 0000-0374 (1, lost), USNM 135 (orig. 7, now 0, 3 pharyngeal arches as # 2714). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395]. On p. 33 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. belimiauensis, Phoxinus grumi Rendahl [H.] 1933:49 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 25 A (pt. 2) (no. 11); ref. 3704] Beli Miau, Mongolia. Syntypes: NRM 10199 (3). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. bellicus, Nocomis Girard [C. F.] 1856:213 [49] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Black Warrior River, near Eutaw, Green County, Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 25 (orig. 3, now 0, plus 4 pharyngeal arches). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395]. On p. 49 of separate. •Synonym of Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:213 [ref. 22416], Stauffer et al. 1995:111 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:184 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:194 [ref. 31215], Robins et al. 2018:98 [ref. 35886] with 3 subspecies). Current status: Synonym of Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. bellus, Minnilus Hay [O. P.] 1881:510 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Cataba Creek and tributaries, Artesia, Lowndes County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 27426. Paralectotypes: (35) CAS-SU 756 (6), 2526 (1); USNM 203332 [ex USNM 27426] (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Snelson 1972:20 [ref. 12386]. •Valid as Notropis bellus (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:237 [ref. 22416], Stein et al. 1985:154 [ref. 22486]). •Valid as Lythrurus bellus (Hay 1881) -- (Page & Burr 1991:117 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:51 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:211 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:166 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:200 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:229 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus bellus (Hay 1881). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. belvica, Alburnus alburnus Karaman [S.] 1924:50 [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Lake Prespa, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (4) IEBMT. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Costa 1838), but a questionable subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:142 [ref. 22962]). •Valid as Chalcalburnus belvica (Karaman 1924) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Alburnus belvica Karaman 1924 -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:214 [ref. 29340], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:165 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Buj et al. 2010:131 [ref. 30888], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:43 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus belvica Karaman 1924. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Lake Prespa and its tributaries, Greece, Macedonia and Albania. Habitat: freshwater. beoticus, Rutilus Stephanidis [A.] 1939:49, 57, Pl. 2 [Deltion Fysskon Bpistimon 5 (50-51); ref. 23005] Lake Yliki, Greece. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus beoticus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Economidis 1995:205 [ref. 23025], Kottelat 1997:75 [ref. 22952]). •See Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]. •Valid as Telestes beoticus (Stephanidis 1939) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:282 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:68 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Telestes beoticus (Stephanidis 1939). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Kiffisos and Assopos River drainages, Greece. Habitat: freshwater. berak, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1078 [88] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 48915 (6), SMF 469 [ex NMW] (3). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 10 (fig. 1) [ref. 2067]. On p. 88 of separate [ref. 2067]. Appeared as name only and spelled Berag on p. 1041 [51]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:155 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:119 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:147 [ref. 37983], Turan 2022:339 [ref. 39758], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:410 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Squalius berak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Euphrates and Tigris River basin (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater. bergi, Abramis brama Grib [A. V.] & Vernidub [M. F.] 1935:112 [Uchenye Zapiski Leningradskogo Universiteta No. 1; ref. 21760] Aral Sea at Muinsak; Lake Yaskhan in Uzboi. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Abramis sapa bergi Belyaeff 1930, replaced by Abramis brama orientalis Berg 1949. •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies orientalis Berg 1949 -- (Sideleva 2003:10 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:162 [ref. 23566], Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid supspecies as described [but a preoccupied name] -- (Coad 1995:9 [ref. 23608]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. bergi, Abramis sapa Belyaeff [W. N.] 1929:87 [English p. 97] [Bulletins of the Ichthyological Laboratory of Baku. v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 16066] Kura River, southern Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan. Syntypes: (187). •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:783 [ref. 20661], see Coad 1981:8 [ref. 22348], Coad 1995:9 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702]). •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391]). •Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:36 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. bergi, Leuciscus Kashkarov [D.] 1925:57, Pl. 4 [Transactions of the Scientific Society of Turkestan at Middle Asiatic University v. 2; ref. 16432] Issyk-kul Lake, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (10) ZIN (2, not found in 1996). •Valid as Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925 -- (Berg 1949:553 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus bergi Kashkarov 1925. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater. bergi, Pseudaspius Jordan [D. S.] & Metz [C. W.] 1913:22, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 6 (no. 1); ref. 2490] Namp'o [Chinnampo], Korea. Holotype: FMNH 55800 [ex CM 4563]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 22393 (3, not 1 as published), FMNH 55801 (2). Type catalog: Henn 1928:72 [ref. 12305], Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:70 [ref. 12367]. •Synonym of Lagowskiella lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Howes 1985:62 [ref. 5274]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Kim 1997:555 [ref. 24032], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853] with question). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:19 [ref. 22798], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. bergi, Vimba vimba Velikokhatko [F. D.] 1940:273 [Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR = Bulletin de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS = Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Serija biologiceskaja. 1940; ref. 13226] Bug River as far as Aleksandrovskaya Hydroelectric station, Ukraine. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:243 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:795 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Abramus vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Parin et al. 2014:65 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. beysehirense, Chondrostoma Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1997:153, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 8 (no. 2); ref. 23277] Beysehir Lake, central Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 8812. Paratypes: ZMH 1145 (2), 6636 (3). •Valid as Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:169 [ref. 23566], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Fricke et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2017:802 [ref. 35091], Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Küçük et al. 2021:246 [ref. 38611], Çiçek et al. 2023:395 [ref. 40625], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma beysehirense Bogutskaya 1997. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü tributaries, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. bicolor, Algansea Girard [C. F.] 1856:183 [19] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Klamath Lake, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 192 (plus 1 pharyngeal arch as # 2750). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:48 [ref. 23395]. On p. 19 of separate. •Valid as Gila bicolor (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:161 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:77 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:48-49 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:122 [ref. 26449], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:127 [ref. 27816]). •Valid as Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856) -- (La Rivers 1994:410 [ref. 23389], Scharpf 2005:41 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:172 [ref. 31215] with subspecies, Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708], Page et al. 2017:458 [ref. 35584]). Current status: Valid as Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. [species]. Western U.S.A.: Oregon and California [subspecies bicolor]. Habitat: freshwater. bicolor, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:206 [42] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Klamath Lake, Oregon, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 234 (3, plus one pair pharyngeal arches as # 2788). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]. Jordan & Evermann 1896:232 [ref. 2443] qualify as first revisers, selecting Tigoma bicolor over Cheonda coerulea (see Bailey & Uyeno 1964:238 [ref. 23390]). Bailey & Uyeno 1964:238 [ref. 23390] serve as first revisers selecting Algansea bicolor over Tigoma bicolor only when both are in Gila; therefore, Cheonda coerulea was reinstated. As this name was used as valid for more than 50 years, it is now retained even when in Klamathella for the sake of stability. •Synonym of Gila coerulea (Girard 1856) -- (Bailey & Uyeno 1964:239 [ref. 23390], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807]). Current status: Synonym of Gila coerulea (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. bierkna, Cyprinus Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:202 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Bonnaterre 1788 referred to "Linn. s. n. 532." •Not available; an incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyprinus bjoerkna Linnaeus 1758. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. bifrenatus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:384 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Mouth of a stream which flows into the Schuylkill River at Conshohocken, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Syntypes: (about 100) apparently lost. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis bifrenatus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:238 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:186 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:354 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:158 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:433 [ref. 21581], Murdy et al. 1997:89 [ref. 23144], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:444 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:104 [ref. 25838], Holm et al. 2002:614 [ref. 26241] dated 1869, Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:27 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:292 [ref. 31215], Kilian et al. 2011: 236 [ref. 31604], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis bifrenatus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern North America. Habitat: freshwater. bigerri, Phoxinus Kottelat [M.] 2007:146, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 2); ref. 29201] River Adour in Tarbes (Séméac), 43°13'39"N, 0°05'27"E, Dépt. Hautes-Pyrénées, France. Holotype: MNHN 2006-1703. Paratypes: CMK 17575 (6), 17589 (5); MNHN 2006-1704 (4). Plus non-type specimens. •Valid as Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:225 [ref. 29996], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Denys et al. 2020:211 [ref. 37846], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus bigerri Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Adour, Leyre and Ebro basins, France and Spain; introduced in the Aude and Garonne River drainages, France, and to Galicia and Duero River basin in Spain. Habitat: freshwater. biguttata, Cochlognathus Cope [E. D.] 1880:37 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 17; ref. 14285] Trinity River at Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 23007-23 (17), 23024-26 (now 0), USNM 118114 [ex ANSP 23024-26] (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pimephales vigilax (Baird & Girard 1853), subspecies perspicuus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales vigilax (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. biguttatus, Semotilus Kirtland [J. P.] 1840:344, Pl. 5 (fig. 1) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 3 (nos 3-4) (art. 10, 17); ref. 18404] Yellow Creek, tributary of the Mahoning River, Upper Ohio River basin, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland 1840) -- (Lee et al. 1980:211 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:142 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:195 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:85 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:90 [ref. 18983], Baxter & Stone 1995:86 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:108 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:79 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:427 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:97 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:25 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:83 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:190 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland 1840). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern Canada and U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. billingsiana, Cyprinella Cope [E. D.] 1871:439 [Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming and portions of contiguous territories. Part 4 (art. 8); ref. 19655] Missouri River at St. Joseph, Buchanan County, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2952. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2953-91 (39). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:280 [ref. 19840]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:29 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:49 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. bioerkna, Cyprinus Retzius [A. J.] 1800:360 [Faunae Suecicae a Carolo A Linné; ref. 18622] Originally as biörkna. Not available; apparently an incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyprinus bjoerkna Linnaeus 1758. Misspelling. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. bipinnata, Abramis sapa var. Lukasch [B. S.] 1933:68, Fig. 15 [Trudy Vyatskogo Nauch.-issl. Inst. Kraev. No. 6; ref. 18459] Lower Vyatka River, Russia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Current status: Unknown. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. bipunctatus, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] 1782:50, Pl. 8 (fig. 1) [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] Weser River near Minden, Germany. Holotype (unique): ZMB 3357. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:71 [ref. 24282]. On p. 43 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 1 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Leuciscus bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Herrera 1896:20 [ref. 39336] with authors as Cuvier & Valenciennes). •Valid as Alburnus bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Valid as Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Berg 1949:756 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:8 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:147 [ref. 22962], Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297] as cf. bipunctatus, Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Ruchin et al. 2003:423 [ref. 26977], Hanel 2003:51 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:77 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:238 [ref. 28804], Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:159 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:67 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:169 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:449 [ref. 31109], Coad 2010:93 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Coad & Bogutskaya 2012:43 [ref. 32156], Turan et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33119], Parin et al. 2014:66 [ref. 33547], Barbieri et al. 2015:42 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:176 [ref. 34375], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Ćaleta et al. 2019:156 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. bivittatus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1872:474 [U. S. Geological Survey Territitories Annual Report v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 923] Warm Springs, Utah, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:49-50 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856) -- (La Rivers 1994:395 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:49-50 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. bjoerkna, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:326 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Greifswald, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, 54°05'N, 13°23'E, Germany. Neotype: SMNS 12668. Spelled björkna in Gmelin 1789:1438 [ref. 18139]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], Hanel & Lusk 2005:241 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:27 [ref. 29533], Parin et al. 2014:63 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:763 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:165 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:123 [ref. 37734], Coad 1995:13 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Tadajewska 1998:144 [ref. 24941], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:52 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:76 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:167 [ref. 28369], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:180 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:368 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:867 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:38 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:17 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:158 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:394 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[30] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Europe and Caspian Sea basin. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. blairi, Notropis lutrensis Hubbs [C. L.] 1940:6 [Transactions of the Texas Academy of Sciencs v. 23 (1938-1939); ref. 10707] Monument Spring, tributary to Peña Colorado Creek, 12-13 miles south-southwest of Marathon, Texas, U.S.A., elevation 3700 feet. Holotype: UMMZ 104170. Paratypes: BU uncat. [ex UMMZ 127335] (3); UMMZ 104171 (15), 120330 (10), 127335 (22) Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:29-30 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042]). •Now extinct, sometimes recognized as a valid subspecies. •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Matthews 1987:616 [ref. 6774], Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) but a valid extinct subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. blennius, Alburnops Girard [C. F.] 1856:194 [30] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Arkansas River, near Fort Smith, Sebastian County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 67. Paralectotypes: (18) ANSP 3030 (1); BMNH 1883.12.14.213 (1); MCZ 1784 [ex USNM 67] (1); USNM 64 (1 pair pharyngeal arches), 171791 [ex USNM 67] (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]. On p. 30 of separate. Lectotype selected by Suttkus 1958:308 [ref. 21233]. •Valid as Notropis blennius (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:239 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:202 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:138 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:211 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Stauffer et al. 1995:123 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:86 [ref. 23394], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659] as blennis, Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:446 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:105 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:194 [ref. 25978], Houston 2002:608 [ref. 26242], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:140 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:264 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis blennius (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Canada and U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. blicca, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] 1782:65, Pl. 10 [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 1; ref. 19643] Germany. No types known. On p. 56 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 1 [ref. 21381]. Name available from plate. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:763 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:867 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. blockii, Cyprinus Nau [B. S.] 1787:91 [Oekonomische Naturgeschichte der Fische in der Gegend um Mainz; ref. 18473] No types known. •Apparently the same as Cyprinus blockii Nau 1791 which is an unneeded new name for and objective synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) according to Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952]. Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. bocagrande, Notropis Chernoff [B.] & Miller [R. R.] 1982:514, Figs. 2-3 [Copeia 1982 (no. 3); ref. 8493] Ojo Solo, about 39 kilometers west of Villa Ahumada, Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 208249. Paratypes: UMMZ 208250 (28, now 27, 2 c&s), 208265 (5); USNM 226900 (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Cyprinella bocagrande (Chernoff & Miller 1982) -- (Mayden 1989:57 [ref. 12555], Mayden & Hillis 1990:1005 [ref. 19122], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:11 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:110 [ref. 28615], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella bocagrande (Chernoff & Miller 1982). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Ojo Solo, about 39 kilometers west of Villa Ahumada (Chihuahua, Mexico) endemic. Habitat: freshwater. bogdanowi, Acanthobrama Kessler [K. F.] 1877:166 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Lower Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (many) ?NMW 55337 (1), ZIN 19025 (1). Sometimes spelled bogdanovi. •Synonym of Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872) -- (Berg 1949:799 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Synonym of Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. bollmani, Opsopoeodus Gilbert [C. H.] 1891:226 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 8 [1888]; ref. 14500] Lagoon at Buckhead Creek, 1 mile southwest of Millen, Jenkins County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 61570 (1 of 4). Paralectotypes: (should be 4) USNM 61570 (3 of 4), 125142 [ex USBF 77] (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 44, p. 3240 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] if figured specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Notropis maculatus (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis maculatus (Hay 1881). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. bolmensis, Leuciscus rutilus forma Malm [A. W.] 1877:560 [ ref. 2881] Lake Bolmen, Småland, Sweden. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. boops, Notropis Gilbert [C. H.] 1884:201 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 423); ref. 1622] Salt Creek, Brown County, Indiana, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 34982. Paralectotypes: (10 + 30, minus 1) CAS-SU 3794 (20), MCZ 35961 [ex USNM 34982] (1), USNM 232410 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Burr & Dimmick 1983:52 [ref. 22235]. •Valid as Notropis boops Gilbert 1884 -- (Gilbert 1978:30 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:240 [ref. 22416], Burr & Dimmick 1983 [ref. 22235], Robison & Buchanan 1988:203 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:146 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:213 [ref. 22809], Stauffer et al. 1995:124 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:87 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:241 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:50 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:105 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:196 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:142 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:232 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:276 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis boops Gilbert 1884. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. boraxobius, Gila Williams [J. E.] & Bond [C. E.] 1980:292, Fig. 1 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 93 (no. 2); ref. 8645] Borax Lake, Harney County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 203329. Paratypes: OS 4137 (12), 4138 (orig. 182, now 174); TU 116232 [ex OS 4138] (8); UMMZ 203330 (114, now 107). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:33 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila boraxobius Williams & Bond 1980 -- (Page & Burr 1991:78 [ref. 18983], Williams 1995:294 [ref. 22140], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Siphateles boraxobius (Williams & Bond 1980) -- (Page & Burr 2011:173 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Siphateles boraxobius (Williams & Bond 1980). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Oregon, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. borealis, Opsopoeodus Harper [F.] & Nichols [J. T.] 1919:266, Pl. 15 (fig. 2) [Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History v. 41 (art. 2); ref. 15213] Lake Athabaska at Fort Chipewyan, Alberta, Canada. Holotype (unique): NMC [ex Victoria Mem. Mus.] 1048 (lost). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:30-31 [ref. 7042], McAllister 1965:10 [ref. 22019], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) or possibly based on a hybrid -- (Gilbert 1978:21, 31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:463 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. borysthenica, Vimba vimba vimba infra. Velikokhatko [F. D.] 1940:272 [Izvestija Akademii Nauk SSSR = Bulletin de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS = Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Serija biologiceskaja. 1940; ref. 13226] Author's name also spelled Velykochatjo and Velikokhat'ko. Not available, infrasubspecific as an infranatio; from Lower Dnieper River, Ukraine. •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:791 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. borysthenicum, Chondrostoma nasus Berg [L. S.] 1914:373, Figs. 32-33 [ ref. 274] Dnieper River near Neyasit, Ukraine. Syntypes: ZIN 11985 (2). Original not seen. Appeared first as Chondrostoma nasus var. borysthenica in Dybowski as name only and not available (see Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lelek 1987:178 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:621 [ref. 20661], Elvira 1987:116 [ref. 6743], Bogutskaya 1998:60 [ref. 23589], Parin et al. 2014:71 [ref. 33547]). •Questionably a synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. borysthenicus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1859:545 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 32 (pt 1); ref. 18392] An arm of the Dnieper River at Aleschki, Ukraine. Syntypes: none found at ZIN. Also appeared as new in Kessler 1860:211, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [ref. 18393]. •Valid as Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Berg 1949:560 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1996:26 [ref. 22945], Bianco et al. 1996:51 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369]). •Valid as Squalius borysthenicus Kessler 1859 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Parin et al. 2014:95 [ref. 33547], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:86 [ref. 28183], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Fricke et al. 2007:43 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:220 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:59 [ref. 35029], Khaefi et al. 2016:158 [ref. 34748], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Saygun et al. 2017:188 [ref. 38891], Turan et al. 2018:[10] [ref. 35758], Freyhof et al. 2018:131 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:400 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea, Sea of Azov and Sea of Marmara watersheds. Habitat: freshwater. boschungi, Macrhybopsis Gilbert [C. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] in Gilbert, Mayden & Powers 2017:512, Fig. 1B [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 5); ref. 35222] Cahaba River, at U. S. highway 80 bridge, 16 km W of Selma, Dallas County, Alabama. Holotype: UF 175766 [ex UT 44.2312]. Paratypes: ANSP, KU, MCZ, TU, UAIC, UF, UMMZ, USNM, UT. •Valid as Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden 2017 -- (Echelle et al. 2018:542 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis boschungi Gilbert & Mayden 2017. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Lower Mobile basin, Alabama and northeastern Mississippi (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. boscii, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:313, Pl. 504 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Lake Ponchartraine, Louisiana; Pennsylvania; Charleston, South Carolina; Philadelphia; and New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3900 (4) Pennsylvania, 0000-3906 (2) Philadelphia, 0000-3907 (2) Charleston, 0000-3949 (3) Philadelphia. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:77 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:435 [ref. 24570] as bosci). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. boucardi, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:485 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Cuernavaca, Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1868.3.3.4-7 (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Markle et al. 1991:277 [ref. 21027], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:16 [ref. 22290], Schönhuth et al. 2001:360 [ref. 25185], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Miller 2006:128 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Notropis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Chernoff & Miller 1986:181 [ref. 6782], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Schönhuth & Doadrio 2003:333 [ref. 27194], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis boucardi (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. bowersi, Rhinichthys Goldsborough [E. L.] & Clark [H. W.] 1908:36, Fig. [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 27 (Doc. 631) (for 1907); ref. 12404] Dry Fork at Harman, Randolph County, West Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 61576. Paratypes: CAS-SU 21035 [not 20015 as published] (1), USNM 126495 [ex USBF 1621 = 5314] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:38 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395]. Based on a hybrid, but according to Art. 17.2 the name is available. •Valid as Rhinichthys bowersi Goldsborough & Clark 1908 -- (Goodfellow et al. 1984:652 [ref. 25575], Page & Burr 1991:102 [ref. 18983]). •Mention -- (Stauffer et al. 1995:161 [ref. 23376]). •Valid as Pararhinichthys bowersi (Goldsborough & Clark 1908) -- (Stauffer et al. 1997:329 [ref. 22748], Gilbert 1998:51 [ref. 23395], Kilian et al. 2011: 241 [ref. 31604]). •F1 hybrid betweeen Nocomis micropogon and Rhinichthys cataractae -- (Raney 1940:270 [ref. 26092], Poly & Sabaj 1998:1084 [ref. 23633], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. bowmani, Plargyrus Girard [C. F.] 1856:196 [32] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Sweetwater River, a tributary of Platte River, Nebraska, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ?ANSP 3236 or USNM 65 (lost). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:70 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:51-52 [ref. 23395]. On p. 32 of separate. Type apparently lost, ANSP 3236 too small. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. brachyurus, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1912:241, Fig. 16 [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Chilik River, Ili basin, Kazakhstan. Holotype (?): ZIN 10277 (1). Paratypes: ZIN 10277a (6). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:141 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Phoxinus brachyurus Berg 1912 -- (Berg 1949:586 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:24 [ref. 13497], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:81 [ref. 23878], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus brachyurus Berg 1912. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: North Asia: Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater. brama, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:326 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European lakes. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.147 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:211 [ref. 13434]. •Valid as Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Herrera 1896:24 [ref. 39336] with author as Fleming, Berg 1949:768 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:8 [ref. 22348], Coad 1995:9 [ref. 23608], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:128 [ref. 37734], Chereshnev 1996:599 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:162 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:734 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:55 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:95 [ref. 23878], Tadajewska 1998:144 [ref. 24941], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:200 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:52 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:75 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:166 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:244 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:28 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:155 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:366 [ref. 33391], Bartulović et al. 2011:165 [ref. 31635], Parin et al. 2014:64 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:860 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:41 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:31 [ref. 35254], Romanov et al. 2017:820 [ref. 35687], Esmaeili et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:155 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:29 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:249 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:107 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:381 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[27] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: central and eastern Europe and Caspian Sea basin. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. brandtii, Telestes Dybowski [B. N.] 1872:215 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 22; ref. 1170] Lake Khanka and Ussuri River, southeastern Russia [? Valdivostok]. Syntypes: ZMB 7950 [from Dybowski] (1) Khanka. •Valid as Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:569 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:29 [ref. 13497], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:266 [ref. 25598], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Tribolodon brandtii [sometimes as brandti] (Dybowski 1872) -- (Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Kim 1997:254 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:74 [ref. 23878], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:136 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:163 [ref. 25913], Nakabo 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218] as brandti, Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577] as brandti, Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Alekseyev et al. 2004:53 [ref. 27625], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610], Zhang et al. 2016:56 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Valid as Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:23 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Zolotava & Kartavtsev 2023:323 [369] [ref. 40485], Dyldin et al. 2023:[25] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Northwestern Pacific drainages, costal rivers and lakes. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. braytoni, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1896:264 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2443] Río Monterrey (tributary to Rio San Juan), Cadereita [Cadereyta], Nuevo León, Mexico. Syntypes: ?CAS 29301 [ex IU 8628] (1); USNM 96 (2 spec., now 0, one set of pharyngeal arches as # 2695), 39657 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]. Replacement name for Moniana nitida Girard 1856, secondarily preoccupied in Notropis by Alburnus nitidus Kirtland 1854. •Valid as Notropis braytoni Jordan & Evermann 1896 -- (Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:241 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:153 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:17 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:132 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:285 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Replacement Name. Current status: Valid as Notropis braytoni Jordan & Evermann 1896. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern U.S.A. (Texas) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. brazosensis, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Bonham [K.] 1951:97, Pl. 1 (fig. 2), Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Texas Journal of Science No. 1; ref. 10853] Brazos River at Wellborn Crossing, Brazos County, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 129827. Paratypes: UMMZ ?110594 (7), 129828 (101, now 100), ?129833 (1), 129840 (18), ?138389 (19), 146293 (2), 159368 (75), ?159369-72 (8, 1, 92, 363). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert & Bailey 1962:808 [ref. 21335], Gilbert 1978:31 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. brevicauda, Gila Norris [S. M.], Fischer [J. M.] & Minckley [W. L.] 2003:20, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 14 (no. 1); ref. 26757] Río Basaseachic (= Candameña), 1-2 kilometers above Cascada de Basaseachic, Chihuahua, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 240260. Paratypes: ASU 8447 (4), 9936 (4); UMMZ 208179 (86), 21311 [ex UAZ 75-102] (39); UANL 15012 (8); UAZ 75-103 (32); UNAM 13105 (8). •Valid as Gila brevicauda Norris, Fischer & Minckley 2003 -- (Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:120 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:120 [ref. 31114], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Ballesteros-Córdova et al. 2020:216 [ref. 37371]). Current status: Valid as Gila brevicauda Norris, Fischer & Minckley 2003. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Mayo River basin, Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. breviceps, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:134, Fig. 69 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Danube River, Austria. Holotype (unique): NMW 55539. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. brevirostris, Leuciscus Mori [T.] 1927:31 [2] [Journal of the Chosen Natural History Society No. 5; ref. 16382] Hun River, tributary of Liao River, southern Manchuria, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. On p. 2 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. brevis, Campostoma Haseman [J. D.] 1906:161 [Proceedings of the Indiana Academy Science v. 15 (for 1905); ref. 12378] Wabash River, 3 miles above Wabash, Indiana, U.S.A. Holotype: CAS 58623 [ex IU 11421]. Paratypes: (7) CAS 58624 [ex IU 11422] (6), UMMZ 63037 (1). •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. brimleyi, Notropis Bean [B. A.] 1903:913 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 26 (no. 1339); ref. 15007] Cane River, at Cane River Post Office (near Burnsville), Yancey County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 50601. Paratypes: (2, not found). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis coccogenis (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1964:122 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Luxilus coccogenis (Cope 1868). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus coccogenis (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. brusinai, Leuciscus Katuric [M.] 1894:126, 129 [Prosvieta List za Tsrkvu, Shkolu i Pouku v. 1 (pt. 3, no. 2); ref. 22004] Original not seen. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. brutius, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 22, Pl. 18 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Crati River near Cosenza, Italy. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-0198. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2590 [ex MNHN 0000-0198] (1), MZUF 5673 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712], Vanni 1991:221 [ref. 20099]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1126 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. bubalinus, Leuciscus Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:391 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 165] Otter Creek, Arkansas [= tributary to North Fork of Red River, either Kiowa or Tillman County, southwestern Oklahoma], U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 125 (lost, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2798). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:52 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. buccata, Ericymba Cope [E. D.] 1865:88 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 17; ref. 907] Kiskiminitas River, western Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 6003 (1), 6004 (1), 197130 (1, dry, ex Univ. of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621] and Gilbert 1998:52-53 [ref. 23395] as holotype (6003) and paratype [both incorrect, and Böhlke does not establish a lectotype]. •Valid as Ericymba buccata Cope 1865 -- (Lee et al. 1980:156 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:127 [ref. 22186], Dimmick 1987:316 [ref. 11406], Page & Burr 1991:163 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:163 [ref. 22809], Stauffer et al. 1995:78 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:181 [ref. 25836], Ross et al. 2001:155 [ref. 25978], Page & Burr 2011:295 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Notropis buccatus (Cope 1865) -- (Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:443 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:52-53 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:106 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:89 [ref. 27882], Boschung & Mayden 2004:233 [ref. 27995], Pera & Armbruster 2006:423 [ref. 28795], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis buccatus (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: eastern-central U.S.A. IUCN (2013): Least concern. Habitat: freshwater. buccula, Notropis bairdi Cross [F. B.] 1953:253, Fig. 1 [Texas Journal of Science v. 5 (no. 2); ref. 12689] Brazos River, about 7 miles south of Mineral Wells, at U.S. highway 281 crossing, Palo Pinto County, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 2642. Paratypes: KU 2318 (orig. 13, now 9), UMMZ 166743 [ex KU 2318] (2), USNM 163279 [ex KU 2318] (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis buccula Cross 1953 -- (Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:242 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:140 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:107 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:267 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis buccula Cross 1953. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Texas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. buchanani, Notropis Meek [S. E.] 1896:342 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 15 (art. 7) (for 1895); ref. 14613] Small creek near Poteau, Le Flore County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Syntypes: (at least 14) USNM 47532 (3), 125161 [ex USBF] (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:32 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395]. The Red River specimens are not regarded as types based on Meek's statement on p. 342. •Valid as Notropis buchanani Meek 1896 -- (Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:243 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:153 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:18 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:214 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Stauffer et al. 1995:126 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:88 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:243 [ref. 25836], Eisenhour 1997:65 [ref. 25525], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:viii [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:107 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:90 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:144 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:234 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:132 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:286 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis buchanani Meek 1896. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. bucharensis, Rutilus rutilus form Nikolskii [G. V.] 1933:264 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 102; ref. 19592] Termez, Upper Amu-Darya basin, Uzbekistan. Holotype: ZMMU P-1390. Paratypes: ZMMU P-1781 (4). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:257 [ref. 9011], Vasil'eva et al. 2001:23 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:512 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Kottelat 1997:82 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. buggenhagii, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] 1784:137, Pl. 95 [M. Marcus Elieser Bloch's ..., ausübenden Arztes zu Berlin, Oeconomische Naturgeschichte der Fische Deutschlands v. 3; ref. 19645] River Pene and related lakes in Swedish Pommern [now Mecklenburg-Vorpommern], Germany. Holotype (unique): ZMB 4106. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:71 [ref. 24282]. Spelled buggenhagen by early authors, including Bonnaterre 1788:201 [ref. 4940]. On p. 116 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 3 [ref. 21381]. •A hybrid between Abramis brama x Rutilus rutilus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952], Paepke 1999:67 [ref. 24282]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. bullaris, Cyprinus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1817:120 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 18584] Fishkill and other streams falling into the Hudson River, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:514 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. burchi, Notropis Fowler [H. W.] 1942:4, Figs. 5-6 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 107; ref. 13199] Mill Creek, tributary of St. Marys River, Charlton County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 69970. Paratypes: ANSP 69971 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis maculatus (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:53 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis maculatus (Hay 1881). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. burdigalensis, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:218 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Gironde estuary, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3104. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2585 [ex MNHN 0000-3104] (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62-63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1120 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:207 [ref. 22962] as hurdigalensis). •Valid as Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: France. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. burduricus, Pseudophoxinus Küçük [F.], Gülle [I.], Güçlü [S. S.], Çiftçi [Y.] & Erdoğan [Ö.] 2013:32, Figs. 2-3 [ZooKeys No. 320; ref. 32816] Burdur Province, Değirmendere Creek, Karamanlı, Lake Burdur drainage; 37°24'18"N, 29°49'06"E, Turkey. Holotype: IFC-ESUF 0427. Paratypes: IFC-ESFU O428 (17). Plus Non-type material. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan 2013 -- (Ekmekçi et al. 2015:127 [ref. 34001], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2023:402 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus burduricus Küçük, Gülle, Güçlü, Çiftçi & Erdoğan 2013. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Burdur Gölü tributaries, Burdur Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. burtonius, Leuciscus Lesueur [C. A.] in Vaillant 1896:28 [14], Pl. 25 (unedited) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 13482] Burton Mine [Bertin mines], Missouri, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:53-54 [ref. 23395] with locality comments. On p. 14 of separate. Misspelled burtonianus by Jordan et al. 1930:121 [ref. 6476]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris Agassiz 1854 with question -- (Gilbert 1998:53-54 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. bustamantei, Evarra Navarro [G. L.] 1955:98, Figs. 1-2. [Ciencia (Mexico City) v. 15 (nos 4-5); ref. 12464] Canals near San Gregorio Atlapulco, Xochimilco, Mexico. Holotype: ?ENCB. Paratypes: (54) ?ENCB, UMMZ 172460 (3), USNM (2), CAS-SU (2), FMNH (2, not found). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Evarra bustamantei Navarro 1955 -- (Scharpf 2005:17 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Evarra bustamantei Navarro 1955. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Mexico [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. cabeda, Leuciscus Risso [A.] 1827:438 [Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l'Europe méridionale v. 3; ref. 3757] Nice, France, northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Lectotype: MNHN B-0846. Type catalog: Bertin 1945:375 [ref. 21554], Bertin & Estève 1948:61 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Squalius cabeda, subspecies cabeda (Risso 1827) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:275 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. caddonis, Notropis atherinoides Meek [S. E.] 1891:136 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 9 (art. 9) (for 1889); ref. 12399] Little Red River (tributary of White River) at Judsonia, White County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1898.12.29.337-340 [ex FMNH] (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:24 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. caerulea, Cheonda Girard [C. F.] 1856:207 [43] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] See Cheonda coerulea. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Gila coerulea (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. caerulescens, Chondrostoma Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:416, Fig. 4 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Doubs and Ognon rivers, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Elvira 1987:116 [ref. 6743], Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. caeruleus, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1084 [94] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 16688 (4), 55511-13 (2, 2, 2), 57161 (3); ?RMNH 2656 [ex NMW] (4); SMF 100 [ex NMW] (4). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 11 (fig. 3) [ref. 2067]. On p. 94 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Doubtfully valid as Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843 -- (Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445] Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:68 [ref. 30710], Coad 2010:95 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:41 [ref. 33691], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Birecikligil et al. 2016:470 [ref. 34308], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Birecikligil et al. 2017:134 [ref. 35361], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:499 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36089], Freyhof et al. 2018:581 [ref. 35814], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:34 [ref. 37204], Freyhof & Turan 2019:380 [ref. 36535], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:124 [ref. 37983], Saç 2020:12 [ref. 37616], Çiçek et al. 2023:20 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:388 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:27 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Tigris, Euphrates and Qweik River drainages (Turkey, Syria, Iraq and Iran). Habitat: freshwater. caeruleus, Leuciscus Yarrell [W.] 1837:8, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 17 (art. 2); ref. 17749] Knowsley Park, England. No types known. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. caeruleus, Photogenis Jordan [D. S.] 1877:338 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Etowah River, Rome, Floyd County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 17883. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19839-41 (3, missing), BMNH 1880.1.21.10 (1), MCZ 24396 (1), MNHN A-1306 (1), USNM 20114 (2). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:66 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Jordan & Evermann 1896:277 [ref. 2443] and by Gibbs in Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis caeruleus (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:244 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella caerulea (Jordan 1877) -- (Mayden 1989:85 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:126 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:45 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:147 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:157 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:162 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:244 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella caerulea (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: southeastern Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. cahabae, Notropis Mayden [R. L.] & Kuhajda [B. R.] 1989:3, Figs. 1a, 2a [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 9; ref. 20059] Cahaba River, 7.2 kilometersnorth-northeast of Centerville, Bibb County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: UAIC 9119.01. Paratypes: AUM 17153 (1), 17355 (1), 18627 (1); INHS 65086 (3); SIUC 17081 (3); TU 156264 [not 156263] (3); UAIC 7702.07 (3), 7703.05 (3), 8339.05 (14), 8358.08 (5), 8471.06 (8), 8578.02 (358), 9120.01 (1), 9121.01 (7); UF 79940 (3); UMMZ 215338 (3); USNM 305204 (3). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:38 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:261 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis cahabae Mayden & Kuhajda 1989 -- (Page & Burr 1991:155 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:245 [ref. 25836], Eisenhour 1997:65 [ref. 25525], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:235 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:288 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis cahabae Mayden & Kuhajda 1989. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Alabama, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. cahni, Hybopsis Hubbs [C. L.] & Crowe [W. R.] 1956:6 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 578; ref. 12200] Powell River, 3 miles southeast of Harrogate, Claiborne County, Tennessee, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 157708. Paratypes: UMMZ 103462-63 (1, 3), 157709 (4); USNM 70580 (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis cahni Hubbs & Crowe 1956 -- (Lee et al. 1980:182 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Erimystax cahni (Hubbs & Crowe 1956) -- (Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:349 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:106 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:165 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:330 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395], Simons 2004:354 [ref. 27695], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:216 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Erimystax cahni (Hubbs & Crowe 1956). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Tennessee and Virginia, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. calabazas, Notropis Lyons [J.] & Mercado-Silva [N.] 2004:869, Fig. 2 [Copeia 2004 (no. 4); ref. 28048] Río Calabazas above Mexican highway 69 bridge at Plazuela, 15 kilometers south-southeast of the city of Río Verde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico, 21.791°N, 99.924'W. Holotype: ENCB IPN P5721. Paratypes: ENCB IPN 5722 (5); TU 196422 (3); UNAM-CNPE 3511 (1); UMMZ 242082 (3); UWZM 11693 (1), 11694 (4). •Valid as Notropis calabazas Lyons & Mercado-Silva 2004 -- (Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30768], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis calabazas Lyons & Mercado-Silva 2004. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. caldera, Rhinichthys nevadensis Moyle [P. B.], Buckmaster [N.] & Su [Y.-X.] 2023:523, Fig. 4B [Zootaxa 5249 (no. 5); ref. 40044] White Mountain Research Center, Northeast Pond, Inyo County, California, 37.360618°N, 118.329370°W. Holotype: WFB 5000. Paratypes: WFB 5001-5009 (9). •Synonym of Rhinichthys nevadensis Gilbert 1893, but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys nevadensis Gilbert 1893. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Long Valley volcanic caldera, California, U.S.A. [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. calientis, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1899:122, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 2501] Río Verde at Aguascalientes, Mexico. Holotype: CAS-SU 6193. Paratypes: BMNH 1900.9.29.152-157 (6), CAS-SU 6198 (11 or 10). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis calientis (Jordan & Snyder 1899) -- (Miller 2006:128 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Notropis calientis Jordan & Snyder 1899 -- (Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042], Chernoff & Miller 1986:182 [ref. 6782], Gilbert 1998:54 [ref. 23395], Schönhuth & Doadrio 2003:333 [ref. 27194], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Lyons & Mercado-Silva 2004:873 [ref. 28048], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2009:161 [ref. 30768], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis calientis Jordan & Snyder 1899. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: southern-central highlands of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. callarchus, Ceratichthys Hubbs [C. L.] & Black [J. D.] 1947:43, Pl. 1 (fig. 3), Fig. 1B [Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan No. 66; ref. 10851] Castor River, near mouth of Bear Creek, Bollinger County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 139613. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:54-55 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pimephales tenellus (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:342 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Pimephales tenellus (Girard 1856), subspecies parviceps (Hubbs & Black 1947) -- (Gilbert 1998:54-55 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales tenellus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. callensis, Leuciscus Guichenot [A.] 1850:94, Pl. 7 (fig. 2) [Histoire naturelle des reptiles et poissons; ref. 1940] La Calle, Algeria. Lectotype: MNHN 1927. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1909.12.9.8 [from Guichenot] (1); MNHN B-2814 (11), MNHN 0000-3136 and B-2815 (5). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:59 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1977 [ref. 20629]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1977:27 [ref. 20629]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:331 [ref. 6186], Poll & Gosse 1995:169 [ref. 24781], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Freyhof et al. 2020:5 [ref. 37614], Baikeche et al. 2021:959 [ref. 39080]). Current status: Valid as Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: North Africa: Algeria and Tunisia. Habitat: freshwater. callipteryx, Campostoma Cope [E. D.] 1865:284 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Flint River at Flint, Genesee County, Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): UMMZ 213798. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. callisema, Episema Jordan [D. S.] 1877:363 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] South Fork of Ocmulgee River, Flat Rock, DeKalb County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 17864. Paralectotypes: ?BMNH 1880.1.21.20 (1), 1883.12.14.210; MCZ 24384 (1); USNM 20126 (1), 163954 [ex USNM 17864] (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:33-34 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 2009:161 [ref. 30728]. Lectotype selected by Gibbs in Gilbert 1978:33 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis callisema (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:246 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella callisema (Jordan 1877) -- (Mayden 1989:95 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:127 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:246 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella callisema (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. callistius, Photogenis Jordan [D. S.] 1877:337 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Tributaries of Etowah and Oostanaula rivers, near Rome, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24363. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19658 (1), 19837-38 (2); BMNH 1880.1.21.67 (1); MNHN A-1289 (1); USNM 17882 (1), 31148 (2), 163965-66 (1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:66 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395], ilbert 2009:158 [ref. 30728]. Lectotype selected by Gibbs in Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis callistius (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:246 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella callistia (Jordan 1877) -- (Mayden 1989:90 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:124 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:46 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:148 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:159 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:136 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:164 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:242 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella callistia (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. callitaenia, Notropis Bailey [R. M.] & Gibbs [R. H., Jr.] 1956:2, Pl. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 576; ref. 12177] Flint River, about 1 mile south of the outlet of Radium Springs, 5.5 miles south of Albany, Dougherty County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 168938 [ex UMMZ 163922]. Paratypes: ANSP 73864 (20); UMMZ 163922 (76, now 70); USNM 171351 (6). Additional non-type material at CUMV, UF, UMMZ, USNM. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis callitaenia Bailey & Gibbs 1956 -- (Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:247 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella callitaenia (Bailey & Gibbs 1956) -- (Mayden 1989:97 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:127 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:46 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:161 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:165 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:246 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:80 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella callitaenia (Bailey & Gibbs 1956). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Georgia, Alabama and Florida (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. calliura, Cyprinella Jordan [D. S.] 1877:61 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum [v. 1] No. 10; ref. 2374] Black Warrior River, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 6865. Paralectotypes: USNM 163951 [ex USNM 6865] (7), 214661 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395] with note on locality. Appeared as name only in Jordan 1877:339 [ref. 2373]. Lectotype selected by Gibbs 1957:192 [ref. 21244]. •Synonym of Notropis venustus (Girard 1856) as intergrades between two subspecies -- (Gibbs 1957:195 [ref. 21244], Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856 -- (Mayden 1989:78 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella stigmatura (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1998:55 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella stigmatura (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. camura, Cliola Jordan [D. S.] & Meek [S. E.] 1884:474 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 450); ref. 10636] Arkansas River at Ft. Lyon, Colorado, U.S.A. [in error, probably Lyons County, Kansas, U.S.A.]. Lectotype: USNM 15256. Paralectotypes: USNM 163962 [ex USNM 15256] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:55-56 [ref. 23395] with locality information. Lectotype selected by Gibbs 1961:345 [ref. 21240]. •Valid as Notropis camurus (Jordan & Meek 1884) -- (Gibbs 1961:344 [ref. 21240], Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:248 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:316 [ref. 11406], Robison & Buchanan 1988:205 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Cyprinella camura (Jordan & Meek 1884) -- (Mayden 1989:68 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:122 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:149 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Cross & Collins 1995:55 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:55-56 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:138 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:90 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:239 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella camura (Jordan & Meek 1884). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Kentucky to Louisiana, Missouri, Kansas, Arkansas and Oklahoma (central U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. canadensis, Leuciscus Fortin [P.] 1867:70 [Annual report of Pierre Fortin ... , Ottawa 25 (pt 2) (no. 25) (for 1865); ref. 18093] St. Lawrence River, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:514 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. candidus, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] 1980:3, Fig. 1 (upper) [Alabama Museum of Natural History Bulletin No. 5; ref. 8656] Alabama River along right bank at Yellow Jacket Bar, 2 kilometers downriver from Holly Ferry crossing, Wilcox County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 103415. Paratypes: UF 24181 (20); TU 40313 (25), 40930 (26), 40928 (13), 41414 (35), 47903 (109), 52832 (37), 52854 (23), 57763 (84), 76231 (132), 76253 (203), 80311 (250), 86774 (212), 96458 (139); UAIC 5495.01 (21); UF 24181 [ex TU 80311] (20); UMMZ 200217 (20); USNM 217389 (36). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:38-39 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis candidus Suttkus 1980 -- (Page & Burr 1991:137 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:247 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:199 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:236 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:259 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis candidus Suttkus 1980. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. capito, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1086 [96] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Gebergsflüssen Kurdistans. Syntypes: NMW 55505 (4, now 5). On p. 96 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Questionably a synonym of Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:864 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. capito, Cyprinus Scopoli [J. A.] 1786:73 [Deliciae florae et faunae Insubricae; ref. 18712] Lakes of Insubria, northern Italy. No types known. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Cyprinus capito Güldenstädt 1772. •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •Questionably a synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cappadocicus, Squalius Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2011:119, Figs. 11-13 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31360] Stream Melendiz at Ihlara, 38°14.15'N, 34°18.71'E, Aksaray Province, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 2011-1035. Paratypes: IUSHM 2011-1009 (3), 2011-1010 (27, now 22), 2011-1011 (25). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Çiçek et al. 2023:410 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cappadocicus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tuz Gölü tributary, Aksaray Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. caralis, Acanthorutilus anatolicus Battalgil [F.] 1942:288, Fig. 1 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Beysehir Lake, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1082. Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:157 [ref. 22013], Wilkens & Dohse 1993:410 [ref. 21161] as syntype. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus anatolicus (Hankó 1925) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:268 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:175 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus caralis (Battalgil 1942) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:403 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus caralis (Battalgil 1942). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü and Beyşehir Gölü tributaries, Isparta and Konya provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. cardinalis, Notropis Mayden [R. L.] 1988:156, Fig. 1A-B [Copeia 1988 (no. 1); ref. 6235] Five Mile Creek, south of Kansas state line, Ottawa County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: KU 20963. Paratypes: ALA 7842.01 (3), ANSP 153631 (18), INHS 62291 (3), KU 21398 (40), LACM 44208-1 (3), MCZ 64503 (3), SIUC 14002 (3), TU 145026 (3), UF 44767 (3), UMMZ 213785 (3), USNM 280377 (3), UT 44.3620 (3). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:39 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:261 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis cardinalis Mayden 1988 -- (Robison & Buchanan 1988:253 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Luxilus cardinalis (Mayden 1988) -- (Page & Burr 1991:112 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:70 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:484 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:116 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:223 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus cardinalis (Mayden 1988). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. carianorum, Alburnus Freyhof [J.], Kaya [C.], Bayçelebi [E.], Geiger [M. F.] & Turan [D.] 2019:595, Fig. 1 [Zootaxa 4550 (no. 4); ref. 36482] Dalaman River north of Dalaman, Muğla Province, Turkey, 36.815°N, 28.802°E. Holotype: FFR 04677. Paratypes: FFR, FSJF. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:418 [ref. 38688]. New name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018 and Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2018. •Valid as Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:389 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower Dalaman and Büyük Menderes River drainages, Aegean Sea basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. carianorum, Alburnus Freyhof [J.], Kaya [C.], Bayçelebi [E.], Geiger [M. F.] & Turan [D.] 2018:124 [Zootaxa 4410 (no. 1); ref. 35889] No valid types. Replacement name for Alburnus kurui Mangit & Yerli 2018, secondarily preoccupied in Alburnus, but this name is unavailable because the location of the types is not mentioned. •In the synonymy of Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019 -- (Freyhof et al. 2019:594 [ref. 36482], Çiçek et al. 2023:389 [ref. 40625]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. carii, Leuciscus Knauthe [K.] 1893:418 [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 16 (no. 432); ref. 23076] Proposed for a hybrid, not available. •Hybrid between Leuciscus delineatus x Rutilus rutilus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. carinatus, Alburnus (Chalcalburnus) chalcoides Battalgil [F.] 1941:179 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Lake Manyas, Turkey. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) -- (Mangit & Yerli 2017:1 [ref. 35640] dated 1837). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Alburnus carinatus Battalgil 1941 -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339], Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:214 [ref. 29340], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007:241 [ref. 29341], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:389 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus carinatus Battalgil 1941. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Manyas Gölü and Uluabat Gölü (Marmara Sea tributaries), Balıkesir and Bursa provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. carinatus, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] (ex Güldenstädt) 1814:323 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Don River mouth, and Abrif, about 17 kilometers south-southwest of Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia, Sea of Azov. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on Cyprinus vimba (non Linnaeus 1758), vernacular name Rybez, of Güldenstädt 1791:86 [ref. 18175]. Also described in Pallas 1831:323 [ref. 30187]. •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:243 [ref. 22962], Uiblein & Winkler 1994:58 [ref. 21823]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:791 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:73 [ref. 23589], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:171 [ref. 28369]). •Synonym of Abramis vimba (Linnseus 1758) -- (Parin et al. 2014:65 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. carinus, Squalius Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2011:123, Figs. 14-16 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 22 (no. 2); ref. 31360] Spring Işikli, 38°19.29'N, 29°51.07'E, Denizli Province, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 2009-947. Paratypes: IUSHM 2011-1018 (16). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011 -- (Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:410 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius carinus Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Menderes River system (Aegean Sea tributary), Denizli Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. carletoni, Leuciscus Kendall [W. C.] 1903:357 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 [1902]; ref. 12340] Bill Fish Brook, a tributary of East Branch of Penobscot River, about 1 mile below Matagamon Lake, Penobscot County, Maine, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 50832. Paratypes and additional material: CAS 58627 [ex IU 10892] (11); FMNH 4829 (9); CAS-SU 9834 (9); UMMZ 86846 (3); USNM 50833 (65), 59116 (66), 126826 [ex USBF 1019] (20). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:52 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:519 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), subspecies nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. carolinus, Clinostomus Girard [C. F.] 1856:212 [48] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 26 (20, not found). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. On p. 48 of separate. •Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856 -- (Lachner & Deubler 1960:359 [ref. 21967], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. carolitertii, Leuciscus Doadrio [I.] 1988:302, Figs. 1, 2.9, 3.9, 4.7 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 68 (nos 4/6); ref. 16235] Cega River, Rebollo, Segovia, Spain, elevation 900 meters. Holotype: MNCN 82050157. Paratypes: MNCN 81081401-34 (34), SMF 21214-15 (2). •Valid as Leuciscus carolitertii Doadrio 1988 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Coelho et al. 1998:945 [ref. 24127]). •Valid as Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:21 [ref. 28742], Alves et al. 2002:649 [ref. 28744], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:96 [ref. 29250], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:263 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Perea et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37489]). Current status: Valid as Squalius carolitertii (Doadrio 1988). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Douro and Mondego River basins, Portugal and Spain. Habitat: freshwater. carpathicus, Phoxinus phoxinus Popescu Gorj [A.] & Dimitriu [M.] 1950:94, Fig. 6 [Buletinul Institutului de Cercetari Piscicole. v. 9; ref. 23004] Lake Roşu, Romainia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. carpathorossicus, Rutilus rutilus Vladykov [V. D.] 1930:103 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 55 (no. 2); ref. 16221] Laborec River, tributary of Bodrog, Slovakia. Lectotype: MNHN 1930-0211. Paralectotypes: NMP P6V 83669 (1), plus others. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574], Mlíkovský et al. 2011:153 [ref. 33498]. Name spelled carpahorossicus in Popescu Gorj & Dumitriu 1950:83 •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:71 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) but possibly a valid subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. carringtonii, Apocope Cope [E. D.] 1872:472 [U. S. Geological Survey Territitories Annual Report v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 923] Warm Springs, Box Elder County, Utah, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:71 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (La Rivers 1994:428 [ref. 23389] as carringtoni, Sigler & Sigler 1996:117 [ref. 25943] as carringtoni, Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395] as carringtoni, Scharpf 2005:39 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. [subspecies carringtonii]. Habitat: freshwater. caspicus, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1870:103 [3], Fig. 2 [On the new and little-known species of fish found in the mouths of the Volga; ref. 19610] Volga River Delta, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 3 of separate. Also described in Yakovlev 1873:334 [ref. 19640]. Author also seen as Jakovlev. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kazanskii 1928:8 [ref. 14268], Berg 1949:513 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:50 [ref. 37731], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:87 [ref. 28183], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Esmaeili et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983]). •Valid as Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:239 [ref. 29996], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35254], Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus caspicus (Yakovlev 1870). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea drainages. Habitat: freshwater. caspius, Leuciscus frisii Lönnberg [E.] 1900:16 [Bihang till Kongl. Svenska vetenskaps-akademiens handlingar. Stockholm v. 26, afd. 4 (no. 8); ref. 17561] Volga River delta, Russia. Holotype (unique): NRM. Described as a "race or subspecies." •Questionably in the synonymy of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37983]) Current status: Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. castellanus, Squalius Doadrio [I.], Perea [S.] & Alonso [F.] 2007:93, Figs. 1 and 3 [Graellsia, Revista de Zoologia, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid. v. 63 (no. 1); ref. 29250] Gallo River, Ventosa, Guadalajara, Spain. Holotype: MNCN 212727. Paratypes: MNCN 34147-48 (2), 42066-73 (8), 136311-13 (3), 136320-21 (2), 137042-45 (4), 138857 (1). •Valid as Squalius castellanus Doadrio, Perea & Alonso 2007 -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Perea et al. 2020:[7] [ref. 37489]). Current status: Valid as Squalius castellanus Doadrio, Perea & Alonso 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Tagus River basin, Spain. Habitat: freshwater. cataractae, Gobio Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1842:315, Pl. 483 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 16; ref. 1009] Vicinity of Niagara Falls, North America. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-3878. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:64 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Lee et al. 1980:353 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:149 [ref. 22186], Peden & Hughes 1988:1846 [ref. 12855], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:88 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:101 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:20 [ref. 22290], Etnier & Starnes 1993:257 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:293 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:106 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:163 [ref. 23376], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Sigler & Sigler 1996:112 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:56 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:494 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:146 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:32 [ref. 26594], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:135 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:108 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Miller 2006:139 [ref. 28615], McPhail 2007:126 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:207 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Kraczkowski & Chernoff 2014:325 [ref. 34840]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America; including northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. cataractus, Chilonemus Baird [S. F.] 1851:215 [Outlines of general zoology; ref. 5033] Susquehanna River, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:56-57 [ref. 23395]. Description very brief but regarded as available. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:56-57 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. catostomops, Dionda Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1977:296, Fig. 4D [Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History v. 18 (no. 17); ref. 7060] Río Tamasopo, 9 miles north of Tamasopo, San Luis Potosí State, Mexico, elevation 1512 feet. Holotype: UMMZ 196346. Paratypes: UMMZ 195950 (6), 196347 (57, 1 skel., 3 c&s), 196692-93 (1, 4); USNM 213790 (12). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Dionda catostomops Hubbs & Miller 1977 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:115 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Tampichthys catostomops (Hubbs & Miller 1977) -- (Schönhuth et al. 2008:745 [ref. 29831], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Tampichthys catostomops (Hubbs & Miller 1977). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. catostomus, Phenacobius Jordan [D. S.] 1877:332 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Silver Creek, just above its mouth in Etowah River, Floyd County, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 17889. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19847 (1), BMNH 1883.12.14.234 (1), MCZ 24385 (1), MNHN A-1307 (1), USNM 31087 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 2009:159 [ref. 30728]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Phenacobius catostomus Jordan 1877 -- (Lee et al. 1980:330 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:98 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:57 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:240 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:293 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:128 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:260 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:202 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Phenacobius catostomus Jordan 1877. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. Habitat: freshwater. caucasicus, Leucaspius delineatus natio Berg [L. S.] 1949:612 [Freshwater fishes of the U.S.S.R. and adjacent countries No. 29; ref. 20661] Not available, infrasubspecific; from n. Caucasus and Transcaucasia. •In the synonymy of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089]). •According to Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], caucasicus is recognized as a southern Caspian Sea basin subspecies of L. delineatus, so the first subsequent author to treat the name as a subspecies would be the author of caucasicus. Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. caudimacula, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1847:264 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Kara Agatsch River and near the village of Gerè, Iran. Syntypes: NMW 55506 (15), RMNH 2654 [ex NMW] (4). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:16 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:864 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:130 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. caurinus, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) Richardson [J.] 1836:304 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Columbia River, Fort Vancouver, southern Washington, U.S.A. Syntypes: (4) BMNH 1855.9.19.827-828 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836) -- (Lee et al. 1980:208 [ref. 22416], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:70 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:424 [ref. 24570], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:128 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:27 [ref. 37547], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:86 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:162 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Love et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39279]). Current status: Valid as Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: northwestern U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cavedanus, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Piccolo Reno stream, Bologna, Italy. Syntypes and/or Bonaparte specimens: ANSP 6313-18 (6), ?MNHN 0000-2623 (1) Rome. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:62 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1124 [ref. 20712], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621]. See Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952] for note on types. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •? Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cayuga, Notropis Meek [S. E.] 1889:305 [Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences v. 4 (art. 13) (for 1888); ref. 12390] Cayuga Lake and Fall Creek, Ithaca, Tompkins County, New York, U.S.A. Lectotype: CAS-SU 3790. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 67156 [ex CAS-SU 3790] (36), 67159 [ex CAS-SU 3790] (1), 69783 [ex AS-SU 3790] (14). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:34 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis bifrenatus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:186 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis bifrenatus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. celayensis, Notropis Álvarez [J.] 1958:109, Fig. 1 [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 9 (nos 1-4); ref. 11972] Los Positos [area of spings that lie adjacent to tributary of RíoLerma], northwest of Celaya, state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Holotype: ENCB uncat. Paratypes: (56) ENCB uncat. (50), UMMZ 172461 [ex ENCB] (6). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Yuriria alta (Jordan 1880) -- (Miller 1991:226 [ref. 20063], Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395], Miller 2006:142 [ref. 28615]). Current status: Synonym of Yuriria alta (Jordan 1880). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cenisophius, Leucos Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:7 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Part of former Gaul drained by rivers Saône and Doubs, France. Holotype: ANSP 6430. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621]. Appeared first as name only, not available in Bonaparte 1841:fasc 30, introduction p. 16 [ref. 512]. Minimal description. Type locality from Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. centisquama, Acanthobrama Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1074 [84] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Damascus, Syria [in error, was Asi River and Amik Lake]. Holotype (unique): NMW 55339. Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 9 (fig. 1) [ref. 2067]. On p. 84 of separate [ref. 2067]. Listed on p. 1033 [43 of separate] under Acanthobrama as Trachibrama centisquama. •Valid as Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel 1843 -- (Goren et al. 1973:296 [ref. 1853], Coad 1984:275 [ref. 5347], Coad 1991:23 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1997:162 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:28 [ref. 29533], Küçük et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33414], Freyhof & Özulug 2014:1 [ref. 33504], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:249 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:382 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:26 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Acanthobrama centisquama Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cephaloides, Leuciscus Battalgil [F.] 1942:298, Fig. 8 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Armutlu, near Mudanya, northwestern Turkey. Syntypes: IUSHM 2009-982 (6). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:47 [ref. 35782]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius cephaloides (Battalgil 1942) -- (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:127 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Marmara Sea tributary, Bursa Province (Turkey) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. cephalopsis, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1080 [90] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 49438 (3), 49440 (2). On p. 90 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. cephalus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:322 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Northern Europe. Syntypes: NRM 51 (1), ZMUU Linn. coll. 213 (1). Type catalog: Fernholm & Wheeler 1983:212-213 [ref. 20707], Wheeler 1991:163 [ref. 20102]. Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952] "restricted" the name to the species described by Artedi, but the Code does not provide for such restriction in that manner. •Valid as Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:555 [ref. 20661], Bianco & Knezevic 1987:53 [ref. 21912], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:102 [ref. 37731], Bianco 1988:4 [ref. 22381], Bianco 1988:151 [ref. 22383], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Bianco et al. 1996:50 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bianco 1997:616 [ref. 26725], Bogutskaya 1998:63 [ref. 23589], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Hanel 2003:48 [ref. 27894], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:195 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:212 [ref. 28742], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:89 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Economidis 2006:181 [ref. 28769], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Doadrio et al. 2007:252 [ref. 29342], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:264 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:193 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Al-Moussawi & Afrasiab 2019:37 [ref. 37204], Ćaleta et al. 2019:166 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:31 [ref. 36599], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328] with question, Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and Middle East. Introduced in Italy. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cephalus, Semotilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:239 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Creeks of Kentucky, etc., U.S.A. No types known. Genus should be Semotilus following generic account. Also in Rafinesque 1820:49 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:57 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. cerasinus, Hypsilepis cornutus Cope [E. D.] 1868:159 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Headwaters of Roanoke River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 3833. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3792-99 (8), 3791 (1), 3800-3832 (33). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:57-58 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:284, Pl. 18 (fig. 31) [ref. 19840] but set aside by Opinion 1206 and lectotype designation of Gilbert 1964:137 accepted [specimen now numbered 3833]. •Valid as Notropis cerasinus (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1964:126 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:249 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Luxilus cerasinus (Cope 1868) -- (Meagher & Dowling 1991:979 [ref. 22441], Page & Burr 1991:111 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:369 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:93 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:89 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:222 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus cerasinus (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: Virginia and North Carolina. Habitat: freshwater. cercostigma, Cyprinella Cope [E. D.] 1868:157 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Pearl River at Monticello, Lawrence County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM (4, not found). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis venustus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Gibbs 1957:189 [ref. 21244], Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:321 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:239 [ref. 23393]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856 -- (Mayden 1989:77 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856, but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:150 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2005:14 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:239 [ref. 31215], Robins et al. 2018:84 [ref. 35886] with 3 subspecies). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Gulf drainages east of the Mississippi River [subspecies cercostigma]. Habitat: freshwater. ceresii, Chondrostoma La Blanchère [H. de] 1873:689, Fig. [Bulletin mensuel de la Société Zoologique d'Acclimatation (Ser. 2) v. 10; ref. 18443] Mountains in Rouergue, near Entraygues, southern France. Still researching. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. ceyhanensis, Chondrostoma Küçük [F.], Turan [D.], Güçlü [S. S.], Mutlu [A. G.] & Çiftci [Y.] 2017:798, Figs. 4b, 5c, 6b, 7, 8 [Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences v. 17 (no. 4); ref. 35091] Sır Dam Lake, Ceyhan River, Kahramanmaraş Province, Turkey, 38°32.239'N, 33°10.887'E. Holotype: IFC-ESUF 03-1555. Paratypes: IFC-ESUF. Chondrostoma is neuter, therefore correction to ceyhanense (R. Fricke, 28 May 2017). •Valid as Chondrostoma ceyhanense Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267] as ceyhanensis, Bayçelebi 2020:756 [ref. 37964] as ceyhanensis, Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644] as ceyhanensis, Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Çiçek et al. 2023:395 [ref. 40625], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma ceyhanense Küçük, Turan, Güçlü, Mutlu & Çiftci 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Ceyhan, Seyhan and Berdan River basins (Mediterranean tributaries) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. chaignoni, Leuciscus (Phoxinellus) Vaillant [L. L.] 1904:188 [3] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 10 (no. 4); ref. 15216] Oued Bezirk, northwestern Tunisia. Holotype: MNHN 1904-0040. Paratypes: BMNH 1904.6.28.4-6 (3); MNHN B-2816 (2), 1904-0041 through 0047 (3, 5, 5, 5, 5, 1, 1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:59 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1977 [ref. 20629]. On p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:331 [ref. 6186]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus chaigoni (Vaillant 1904) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Tropidophoxinellus chaignoni (Vaillant 1904). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Tunesia. Habitat: freshwater. chalcoides, Cyprinus Güldenstädt [J. A. von] 1772:540, Pl. 16 [Novi Commentarii Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae v. 16 (for 1771); ref. 5066] Rivers of southern Russia. No types known. •Valid as Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Berg 1949:733 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:175 [ref. 22962], Coad 1991:23 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:65 [ref. 23606], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:59 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Coad & Holčík 1999:184 [ref. 25294], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:168 [ref. 28369], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251]). •Valid as Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772), as a valid subspecies chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1988:106 [ref. 37734]). •Valid as Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:79 [ref. 28183], Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339], Fricke et al. 2007:30 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:166 [ref. 29996], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:311 [ref. 29389], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Buj et al. 2010:130 [ref. 30888], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:41 [ref. 33691], Elp et al. 2015:182 [ref. 33762], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:500 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 105 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:125 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:53 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[29] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea and Caspian Sea basins. Introduced in Anatolia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. chalybaeus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:383 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Tributary of Schuykill River, near Conshohochen, Montgomery County Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP (not found). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis chalybaeus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1978:35 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:250 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:187 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:206 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:149 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:54 [ref. 23239], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:437 [ref. 21581], Mettee et al. 1996:249 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:200 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:91 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:145 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:237 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:281 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:103 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Notropis chalybaeus (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern and central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. chalybeius, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1852:111, Pl. 12 (figs. 1-4) [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 9; ref. 18260] Kamp River near Zwetl monastery, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 49353-54 (1, 1), 49382 (1), 49391 (1). •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. chamberlaini, Notropis Evermann [B. W.] in Jordan & Evermann 1898:2800 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 47; ref. 2445] Atchafalaya River at Melville, St. Landry Parish, Louisiana, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48900. Paratypes: CAS-SU 8570 (4); USNM 48901 (4), 125608 [ex USBF 707] (5). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:35-36 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert & Bailey 1962:809 [ref. 21335], Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. chapalae, Falcula Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1899:124, Fig. 6 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 19 [1899]; ref. 2501] Laguna de Chapala, near Ocotlan, Jalisco State, Mexico. Holotype (unique): CAS-SU 6152. Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Yuriria alta (Jordan 1880) -- (Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Yuriria chapalae (Jordan & Snyder 1899 ) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:78 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:42 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:142 [ref. 28615], Domínguez-Domínguez et al. 2007:263 [ref. 29756], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Yuriria chapalae (Jordan & Snyder 1899). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. charusini, Alburnus Herzenstein [S. M.] in Zograf & Kavraisky 1889:50 [Izvestiya Obshchestva Lyubitelei Estestvoznaniya, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 61 (no. 1); ref. 20283] Maly Uzen River mouth, Lakes Kamysh-Samarskiye, Zapadno-Kazakhstanskaya Obl., Kazakhstan. Holotype (unique): ZMMU P-1314. Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:257 [ref. 9011], but she gave P.1812 (4) as questionable syntypes, original says P.1314 with unique holotype; Vasil'eva et al. 2001:17-18[ref. 25714] as charusinii. Species epithet misspelled harusini by authors. •Valid as Alburnus charusini Herzenstein 1889 -- (Berg 1949:749 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. chi, Lavinia exilicauda Hopkirk [J. D.] 1974:55, Pls. 2-3 [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 96 (for 1973); ref. 2199] Seigler Creek, 1/4 mile above the mouth into Clear Lake, Lake County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: CAS 23566. Paratypes: CAS 23261 (10), 23547 (9), 24032-34 (37, 13, 8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first (and unavailable) in Hopkirk 1968:414 [ref. 2198] without distinguishing features. •Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:199 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:58 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:158 [ref. 31215]). •Mention -- (Moyle 2002:136 [ref. 26449]). Current status: Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Clear Lake, California [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. chickasavensis, Luxilus Hay [O. P.] 1881:506 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Chickasawha River at Enterprise, Clark County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 27419. Paralectotypes: USNM 163953 (8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:58-59 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gibbs 1957:190 [ref. 21244]. •Synonym of Notropis venustus (Girard 1856), subspecies cercostigma (Cope 1868) -- (Gibbs 1957:189 [ref. 21244], Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856 -- (Mayden 1989:78 [ref. 12555], Ross et al. 2001:150 [ref. 25978]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856, but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:58-59 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. chihuahua, Notropis Woolman [A. J.] 1892:260 [American Naturalist v. 26 (no. 303); ref. 12393] Río de los Conchos [Río Chuviscar], below Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 44151. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1894.1.27.48-57 (12); CAS 14213 [ex IU 4868] (19); FMNH 1889 (1); CAS-SU 818 (27); UMMZ 61702 [ex IU 4868] (5); USNM 125186 (1), 219567 [ex USNM 44151] (9). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34-35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:60 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 46, p. 3241 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Valid as Notropis chihuahua Woolman 1892 -- (Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:251 [ref. 22416], Burr & Mayden 1981:255 [ref. 32314], Page & Burr 1991:153 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:18 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:133 [ref. 28615], Page & Burr 2011:285 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis chihuahua Woolman 1892. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. chiliticus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1870:462 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Tributary of Yadkin River, Roane (= Rowan) County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 4378. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4379-88 (10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:72 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:286 [ref. 19840]. •Valid as Notropis chiliticus (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:252 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:141 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:395 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:108 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:269 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis chiliticus (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. chlora, Cliola Jordan [D. S.] 1878:791 [Bulletin of the United States Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories. v. 4 (no. 4, art. 33); ref. 2377] Upper Missouri River system, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 20193 (9). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis stramineus (Cope 1865) -- (Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Notropis ludibundus (Girard 1856), subspecies missuriensis (Cope 1871) -- (Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Notropis stramineus (Cope 1865). Current status: Synonym of Notropis stramineus (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. chloristia, Codoma Jordan [D. S.] & Brayton [A. W.] 1878:21 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 12; ref. 2436] Tributary of Saluda River, Farr's Mills, west of Greenville, Greenville County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24380. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1880.1.21.43 (1), INHS (1, lost). Type catalog: Sabaj et al. 1997:286 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gibbs 1963:522 [ref. 21327]. •Synonym of Notropis analostanus (Girard 1859), but a valid subspecies -- (Gibbs 1963:522 [ref. 21327]). •Valid as Notropis chloristius (Jordan & Brayton 1878) -- (Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:253 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella chloristia (Jordan & Brayton 1878) -- (Mayden 1989:76 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:121 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:238 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella chloristia (Jordan & Brayton 1878). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: North Carolina and South Carolina (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. chlorocephalus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1870:461 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Catawba River tributaries, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2755. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2756-67 (12), 2768 (1), 2803-2829 (27). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:36 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:286, Pl. 19 (fig. 35) [ref. 19840]. •Valid as Notropis chlorocephalus (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:254 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:141 [ref. 18983], Wood & Mayden 1992 [ref. 19895], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:268 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis chlorocephalus (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A.: North Carolina and South Carolina. Habitat: freshwater. choerocephalus, Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:72, Pl. 3 (figs. 4, 5a) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Lake Airik Nor [Lake Airag] , Mongolia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 6414 (head, lost). Name misspelled hoerocephalus once in caption to Pl. 3. •Questionably a synonym of Oreoleuciscus pewzowi (Herzenstein 1883), subspecies altus Warpachowski 1889 -- (Berg 1949:540 [ref. 20661]). •Questionably a synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Uncertain as Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. chorensis, Phoxinus lagowskii Rendahl [H.] 1928:58 [Arkiv för Zoologi v. 20 A (pt 1) (no. 1); ref. 3702] Ussuri and Sungari systems, from eastern slope of Sichota-Alin range to Japanese seas. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:85 [ref. 23878]). •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Yang & Hwang 1964:27 [ref. 13497], Cheng & Zhou 1997:110 [ref. 26385]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. chowanus, Notropis altipinnis Hubbs [C. L.] & Raney [E. C.] 1948:10 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 506; ref. 11717] Waqua Creek, a tributary of Nottoway River, near Rawlings, Brunswick County, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 94515. Paratypes: CUMV 10569 (65), UMMZ 94516 (5), USNM 101338 (9). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis altipinnis (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:59 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis altipinnis (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. chrosomus, Hybopsis Jordan [D. S.] 1877:333 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Tributary of Etowah River, near Rome, Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 17881. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19843-45 (3); BMNH 1880.1.21.40 (1); MCZ 24373 (1); MNHN A-1292 (3); UF 115514 [ex Butler Univ. 332]; USNM 203857 [ex USNM 127881] (1), 329144 [ex Butler Univ. 332] (48). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:66 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:59-60 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Swift in Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis chrosomus (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:255 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:142 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:55 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:215 [ref. 22809], Schmidt & Gold 1995:200 [ref. 22413], Mettee et al. 1996:251 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:59-60 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:108 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:238 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:28 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:270 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis chrosomus (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Alabama, Georgia and southeastern Tennessee. Habitat: freshwater. chrysitis, Dionda Girard [C. F.] 1856:178 [14] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Live Oak Creek, presumed tributary of Rio Pecos, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5071-72 (2), MCZ 1678 [ex USNM 37] (1), USNM 37 (1, osteol.). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]. On p. 14 of separate. •Synonym of Dionda episcopa Girard 1856 -- (authors). •Synonym of Dionda argentosa Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Dionda argentosa Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. chrysocephalus, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:238 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Creek about 6 miles south-southwest of Danville, off state highway 35, Lincoln County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Neotype: UMMZ 174539. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 2009:159 [ref. 30728]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:48 [ref. 3592]. Neotype designated by Gilbert 1964:160 [ref. 12397]. •Valid as Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1964:157 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:256 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:177 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:207 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674], Scott & Crossman 1998:383 [ref. 24570]). •Valid as Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Page & Burr 1991:110 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:50 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:182 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:378 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Stauffer et al. 1995:95 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:71 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:201 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:90 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:164 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:78 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:118 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:192 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:220 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:92 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern and central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. chrysogaster, Agosia Girard [C. F.] 1856:187 [23] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río Santa Cruz, Sonora, Mexico. Syntypes: MCZ 1957 [ex USNM 81] (1), USNM 81 (orig. 8, now 0, 3 pharyngeal arches as #2684). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]. On p. 23 of separate. •Valid as Rhinichthys chrysogaster (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:147 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Agosia chrysogaster Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:141 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:79 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:9 [ref. 22290], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:103 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:110 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:175 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Agosia chrysogaster Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southwestern U.S.A. (New Mexico and Arizona) and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. chrysoprasius, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:318 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Upper reaches of the river Kuchuk-Karasu at Krasna Sloboda village, a tributary of Biyuk-Karasu, a tributary of Salhir, Crimea, 44°58ʹ26ʺN, 34°44ʹ19" [rocky banks of mountainous rivulets of the Crimea Peninsula]. Neotype: ZFMK 93640-59. Neotype designated by Bogutskaya et al. 2023:12 [ref. 40045]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2023:10 [ref. 40045], Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus chrysoprasius (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeast Europe: Salhir River drainage (Crimea). Habitat: freshwater. chrysopterus, Leuciscus DeKay [J. E.] 1842:211, Pl. 30 (fig. 95) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Harbor of New York, New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Smith 1986:157 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:60 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. chuanchicus, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1876:23 [v. 2 (pt 4); ref. 2595] Huang He River, China. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2483. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Valid as Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Wu & Wu 1992:270 [ref. 21205], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:68 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus chuanchicus (Kessler 1876). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: China. Habitat: freshwater. chub, Cyprinus Bonnaterre [J. P.] (ex Pennant) 1788:195, Pl. 77 (fig. 323) [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Rivers of Europe. No types known. Not available, described in synonymy of Cyprinus cephalus Linnaeus 1758. Based on 'The Chub' of Pennant 1769:313 [ref. 18527]. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. churchilli, Hybognathus Hildebrand [S. F.] 1932:259, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 22 (no. 9); ref. 16375] Near mouth of Cherry Creek, Cheyenne River, Haakon County, South Dakota, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 92248. Paratypes: USNM 92287-88 (4, 3), 125034 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:60-61 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybognathus placitus Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:60-61 [ref. 23395], Scheuer et al. 2003:7 [ref. 26691]). Current status: Synonym of Hybognathus placitus Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cii, Leuciscus Richardson [J.] 1857:375 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1856 (pt 24) (art. 2); ref. 18632] Gemlek [Gemelik] River, north of Bursa, northwestern Turkey. Lectotype: BMNH 1865.5.2.8-9 (99.5 mm SL specimen). Paralectotypes: BMNH 1856.5.2.8-9 (1 of 2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857) -- (Stoumboudi et al. 2006:133 [ref. 28767], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:265 [ref. 29996] as cf. cii, Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:130 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:67 [ref. 35029] as cf. cii dated 1856, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Bayçelebi et al. 2022:279 [ref. 39463], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius cii (Richardson 1857). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: southern Marmara Sea basin and (Kara) Menderes River (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. cilicicus, Pseudophoxinus Saç [G.], Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2019:111, Figs. 3-7 [Zootaxa 4671 (no. 1); ref. 36976] River Seyhan below water regulation doors at Yüreyir, south of Adana, Adana province, Turkey, 36.9757°N, 35.3354°E. Holotype: IUSHM 2018-1405. Paratypes: FSJF, IUSHM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus cilicicus Saç, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2019 -- (Bayçelebi 2020:756 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:403 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus cilicicus Saç, Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: lower Seyhan and Ceyhan River drainages and Arsuz stream, Mediterranean coast (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. cisalpinus, Leucos Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1038 [48] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] On p. 48 of separate [ref. 2067]. Name only, not available; also later in Bonaparte 1845:6 [ref. 13472] as name in synonymy. •In the synonymy of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 2014). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. cisalpinus, Leucos Heckel [J. J.] 1851:315 [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 7 (pt 2); ref. 18258] Lake Bracciano, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Taken from Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952] as available by reference to [De] Filippi 1844, but more investigation needed since the name Leucos cisalpinus appeared as a name in synonymy prior to Heckel 1851. •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. ciscoides, Pogonichthys Hopkirk [J. D.] 1974:30, Pl. 1 [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 96 (for 1973); ref. 2199] Clear Lake at Soda Bay, Lake County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: CAS 24026. Paratypes: CAS 20900 (3), 22896 (1), 22899 (1), 22907 (2), 24027-30 (6, 1, 4, 2). Additional material: CAS 18144 (6), 23906 (8), 22885 (1), 22887-88 (2, 2), 22891 (1), 22898 (1), 22900 (2); CAS-SU 33851 (6); UMMZ 197410 [ex CAS 22907] (3), 197411 [ex CAS 24029] (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first (and unavailable) in Hopkirk 1968:414 [ref. 2198] without distinguishing features. •Valid as Pogonichthys ciscoides Hopkirk 1974 [but presumably extinct] -- (Lee et al. 1980:345 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:67 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395], Moyle 2002:150 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:159 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Pogonichthys ciscoides Hopkirk 1974. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Clear Lake and tributaries, California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. civilis, Hybognathus Cope [E. D.] 1885:167 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 22 (for 19 Dec. 1884); ref. 18038] Creek from lare spring in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Syntypes: ANSP 19313-40 (28), 19406-28 (23), 19429-33 (5, missing). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Dionda melanops Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Dionda melanops Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. clathratus, Squalius Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:398, Fig. 94 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lot River in Cahors, France. Lectotype: MNHN A-2260. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2589 [ex MNHN A-2260] (1), A-2261 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:63 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1125 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. clevelandi, Phoxinus (Tigoma) Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1889:149 [12] [West American Scientist v. 6 (no. 49) (for Nov. 1889); ref. 12402] Aetna Springs, Napa County, California, U.S.A. [locality probably erroneous]. Syntypes: BMNH 1891.5.19.196 (1), CAS-SU 630 (1), USNM 41923 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:36 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. On p. 12 of separate. •Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858) -- (La Rivers 1994:399 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cleveza, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] (ex Güldenstädt) 1814:329 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Solotaja Kossa/Zolotaya Kosa, about 22 kilometers south-southwest of Taganrog, Rostov Oblast, Russia, Sea of Azov. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on Cyprinus kleweza of Güldenstädt 1791. Also described in Pallas 1831:329 [ref. 30187]. •Synonym of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:781 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:55 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. clupeoides, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1776:704 [Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reiches; ref. 18509] Terek River, Caspian Sea basin, Russia. No types known. Spelled clupoides in Walbaum 1792:32. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:59 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:125 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. coadi, Alburnoides Mousavi-Sabet [H.], Vatandoust [S.] & Doadrio [I.] 2015:308, Figs. 9-11 [Caspian Journal of Environmental Sciences v. 13 (no. 4); ref. 34153] Namroud River, Hableroud River drainage, Kavir basin, Tehran Province, Iran, 35°43'N, 52°39'E. Holotype: VMFC-ALK2-H. Paratypes: GUIC, VMFC. •Valid as Alburnoides coadi Mousavi-Sabet, Vatandoust & Doadrio 2015 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:177 [ref. 34375], Esmaeili et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36089]). •Synonym of Alburnoides namaki Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:117 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides namaki Bogutskaya & Coad 2009. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Kavir basin, Iran [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. cobitis, Tiaroga Girard [C. F.] 1856:204 [40] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio San Pedro, a tributary of Rio Gila, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5352 (1, missing), ?MCZ 1960 [ex USNM 155] (1), MNHN 0000-0405 and 0000-0406 [ex USNM 155] (2); USNM 155 (orig. 10, now 1 pharyngeal bone). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. On p. 40 of separate. •Valid as Rhinichthys cobitis (Girard 1856) -- (Page & Burr 1991:103 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395], Marsh et al. 2003:666 [ref. 27424], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:208 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Tiaroga cobitis Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:365 [ref. 22416], Propst & Bestgen 1991 [ref. 21028], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:21 [ref. 22290], Miller 2006:141 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:172 [ref. 31114]). Current status: Valid as Tiaroga cobitis Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. (New Mexico and Arizona) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. coccogenis, Hypsilepis Cope [E. D.] 1868:160 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Holston River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 36849. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3561-3650 (90), 5379 (1), 3651-56 (6), 3657-58 (2), 3659 (1), 3660 (1); BMNH 1868.1.10.3 [from Cope] (1); MNHN 0000-4852 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:65 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Lectotype selected by Jordan & Evermann 1896:285 [ref. 2443] and by Gilbert 1964:123 [ref. 12397]. •Valid as Notropis coccogenis (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:37 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:257 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Luxilus coccogenis (Cope 1868) -- (Page & Burr 1991:113 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:51 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:185 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:367 [ref. 21581], Mettee et al. 1996:203 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:90 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:193 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:224 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus coccogenis (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. coerulea, Cheonda Girard [C. F.] 1856:207 [43] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Lost River, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 237 (plus pharyngeal arches as #2790). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:61 [ref. 23395]. On p. 43 of separate. Clearly spelled "oe" in text and index [see "ae" spelling for other species in same work]. •Valid as Klamathella coerulea (Girard 1856) -- (Smith et al. 2002: 211 [ref. 36187], Tan & Armbruster 2018:18 [ref. 36121]). •Valid as Gila coerulea (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:162 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:76 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:61-62 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:74 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:128 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila coerulea (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Oregon and California (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. colchicum, Chondrostoma Derjugin [K. M.] (ex Kessler) 1899:164 [17], Pl. 9 (figs. 2-3) [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 4 (1899); ref. 14708] Rion River and Tchoroch River and tributary near Batumi, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: ZIN 5298-99 (2, 3), 11505 (1), 11517 (1). On p. 17 of separate. •Valid as Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 -- (Berg 1949:626 [ref. 20661], Elvira 1987:118 [ref. 6743], Elvira 1991:148 [ref. 20036], Bogutskaya 1997:151 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:169 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:60 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:83 [ref. 28183], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Fricke et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29533], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:395 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[31] [ref. 40328], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea watersheds (Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia). Habitat: freshwater. colchicus, Phoxinus phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1910:169 [Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 15; ref. 19593] Bachvis Tzchali [Bachwis-tzchali] River in Ozurgety District, Georgia, Eurasia. Holotype (unique): ZMT 141a. Based on Phoxinus laevis of Kamensky 1901:62-63 [ref. 14761]. See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:591 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:217 [ref. 22962], Bogutskaya 1997:174-175 [ref. 23566], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369] as colhicus). •Valid as Phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910 -- (Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:93 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:83 [ref. 29996], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:226 [ref. 29996], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. 34853] mention, Çiçek et al. 2016:117 [ref. 35152], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:416 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328], Turan et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40351]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus colchicus Berg 1910. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caucasian Black Sea basin (Georgia, Russia and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. collis, Notropis cummingsae Hubbs [C. L.] & Raney [E. C.] 1951:16, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 535; ref. 12775] Roses Creek, 1.5 miles south of Smyrna on state highway 181, Catawba River system, Burke County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 160557. Paratypes: CUMV 11218 (3), 11269 (9); UMMZ 94553 (1), 94556-57 (1, 17), 160558 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:62 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cummingsae Myers 1925 -- (Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:259 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:62 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis cummingsae Myers 1925. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. colobocephala, Alburnus lucidus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:429 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Regarded by Kottelat as infrasubspecific and not available. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. columbianus, Rutilus Snyder [J. O.] 1908:92, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 27 (Doc. 636) (for 1907); ref. 10251] Warm Springs, near Harney Lake, Harney County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 55595. Paratypes: ANSP 39126-27 (2); CAS-SU 4106 (2), 9816 (23), 28789 (5); UMMZ 139030 (6); USNM 59841 (3), 117490 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:38 [ref. 12291], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:62 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as Scofield in Jordan & Evermann 1896:250 [ref. 2442] without description. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:62 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:41 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Oregon, U.S.A. [subspecies columbianus]. Habitat: freshwater. comalis, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1886:24 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 549) (for 14 Aug. 1886); ref. 10626] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing under Notropis deliciosus. •Nomen nudum -- (Gilbert 1978:22 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:62 [ref. 23395]). Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. comes, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 26, Pl. 18, bis [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus muticellus Bonaparte 1837 -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Telestes comes (Costa 1838) -- (Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897]). Current status: Valid as Telestes comes (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Apulia and Campania, Italy. Habitat: freshwater. communis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. communis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Rossikov [K. M.] 1895:No. 53 [Kavkazskoe Sel'skoe Khozyajstvo 54-56; ref. 23013] Terek River, Mosdok. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]) Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. communis, Pogonichthys Girard [C. F.] 1856:188 [24] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Fort Pierre; Fort Union and above Fort Union; Milk River; Yellowstone River; Sweetwater River, a tributary of Platt River, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 35938 (2); UMMZ 56283 (1); USNM 181 [= 20107] (34 spec., 5 pharyngeal arches), 184 (2 arches), 185 (now 0), 186 [= 20300] (orig. 6, now 4), 187 (2 arches), 188 (2 arches), 189 (1 spec, 2 arches). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:62-63 [ref. 23395]. On p. 24 of separate. •Synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (Gilbert 1998:62-63 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:487 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. complanata, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:200 [36] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio Grande (or tributary), Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: (3) USNM 94 (orig 3, now 0, 1 pharyngeal arch as # 2694). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]. On p. 36 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. compressa, Lavinia Ayres [W. O.] 1854:14 [The Pacific [newspaper] v. 3 and 4 (thru no. 6); ref. 157] San Francisco markets, California, U.S.A. [form lower waters of Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers]. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as above on 22 Dec.; then in Ayres 1855:21 [ref. 18923]. •Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854, subspecies exilicauda -- (Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. compressus, Cyprinus Hollberg [L.] 1822:66, Fig. [Beskrifning öfver Bohuslänske fiskarne v. 5; ref. 18297] Canals in Götheborg, Sweden. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on Cyprinus americanus of Gmelin and Lacepède. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. compressus, Rutilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:240 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Monongahela, Kenhaway and Potomac rivers, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:51 [ref. 3592]. •Status uncertain, probably a synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042]). •Status uncertain, probably a synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:63 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Uncertain as Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. confertus, Hyborhynchus Girard [C. F.] 1856:179 [15] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Hurrah Creek, tributary of Rio Pecos, near Santa Rosa, Guadalupe County New Mexico, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5611 (1), MCZ 1802 [ex USNM 147] (1), USNM 147 (orig. 10, now 2 pharyngeal arches as #2725). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:63-64 [ref. 23395]. On p. 15 of separate. •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820 -- (Gilbert 1998:63-64 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:481 [ref. 24570], Minckley & Marsh 2009:187 [ref. 31114]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. conformis, Lavinia Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] in Girard 1854:137 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] Posa Creek, just north of Bakersfield, San Joaquin basin, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 231 (plus 1 pharyngeal arch as #2785). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395]. Author is S. F. Baird and Girard. •Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. conocephala, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] in Girard 1854:135 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] San Joaquin River, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 243 (plus pair pharyngeal arches as #2795). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395]. Author is S. F. Baird and Girard. •Valid as Mylopharodon conocephalus (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:209 [ref. 22416], Mayden et al. 1991:819 [ref. 19123], Page & Burr 1991:69 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395], Moyle 2002:151 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:161 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Mylopharodon conocephalus (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. conspersa, Gila Garman [S.] 1881:91 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 8 (no. 3); ref. 1530] Río Nazas, probably state of Coahuila, Mexico. Syntypes: MCZ 24879-80 (9, 1); UMMZ 86635 [ex MCZ 24879] (3); USNM [ex MCZ 24879] (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila conspersa Garman 1881 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:15 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:64 [ref. 23395], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:120 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Ballesteros-Córdova et al. 2020:216 [ref. 37371]). Current status: Valid as Gila conspersa Garman 1881. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Baluarte River basin, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. cooglei, Notropis Hildebrand [S. F.] & Towers [I. L.] 1928:118, Fig. 3 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 43 (pt 2, 1927); ref. 15897] Pelucia Creek, south of Greenwood, Leflore County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 88379. Paratypes: (214) UMMZ 167162-66 [ex USNM] (8, 10, 8, 4, 4); USNM 127019-24 (29, 1, 46, 26, 63 or 62, 22). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:64-65 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis venustus (Girard 1856) -- (Gibbs 1957:180 [ref. 21244], Gilbert 1978:38 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856 -- (Mayden 1989:78 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:64-65 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cooperi, Cheonda Girard [C. F.] 1856:207 [43] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Fort Vancouver, Columbia River, Vancouver, southern Washington, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 238. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395]. On p. 43 of separate. •Hybrid between Mylocheilus caurinus x Richardsonius balteatus balteatus -- (Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. copei, Squalius Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1881:461 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 175); ref. 10606] Tributary of Bear River at Evanston, Uinta County, Wyoming, U.S.A. Syntypes: (numerous) BMNH 1881.3.14.224 [ex USNM 27409] (1), USNM 27409 (orig. 8, now 2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila copei Jordan & Gilbert 1881 -- (Lee et al. 1980:163 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:76 [ref. 18983], Baxter & Stone 1995:70 [ref. 23374], Sigler & Sigler 1996:76 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:75 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Snyderichthys copei (Jordan & Gilbert 1881) -- (Simons & Mayden 1997:194 [ref. 24948], Nelson et al. 2004:78 [ref. 27807]). •Valid as Lepidomeda copei (Jordan & Gilbert 1881) -- (Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:180 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lepidomeda copei (Jordan & Gilbert 1881). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A.: Wyoming, Idaho and Utah. Habitat: freshwater. copii, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:255 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] St. Josephs River and its tributary Dawagiac River, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2577 (1) Flint R., BMNH 1868.1.10.24 (3) Walker Creek, MCZ 4688 (2) St. Josephs River and Dowagiac Creek, MNHN 0000-4688 (1) Dowagiac Creek. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:38-39 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395]. Replacement name for Alburnellus jaculus Cope 1867, preoccupied by Cyprinus jaculus Jurine 1825 when both are in Alburnellus. •Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:65 [ref. 23395], Wood et al. 2002:39 [ref. 26600]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cordilla, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Savi) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:291 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Italy. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Alburnus albidus (Costa 1838). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. coriacea, Moapa Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1948:8, Fig. 1B; Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 507; ref. 2258] Home Ranch, one of the sources of Moapa River [Muddy River], Clark County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 143186. Paratypes: CAS-SU 18474 [ex UMMZ 124822] (7); UMMZ 124822 (267, now 257), 133545 (10, now 0); USNM 112067 [ex UMMZ 133545] (10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Moapa coriacea Hubbs & Miller 1948 -- (Lee et al. 1980:207 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:79 [ref. 18983], La Rivers 1994:436 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:95 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:156 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:175 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Gila coriacea (Hubbs & Miller 1948) -- (Smith et al. 2002: 211 [ref. 36187], Tan & Armbruster 2018:18 [ref. 36121]). Current status: Valid as Gila coriacea (Hubbs & Miller 1948). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Southeastern Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. cornutus, Cyprinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1817:289 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 1; ref. 17776] Wallkill [Walkill] River, 3 miles southwest of New Paltz, Ulster County, New York, U.S.A. Neotype: UMMZ 174540. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared in Mitchill 1818:324 [ref. 30214]. Neotype designated by Gilbert 1964:142 [ref. 12397]. •Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820 -- (Ross et al. 2001:166 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:140 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:258 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:178 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674]). •Valid as Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Meagher & Dowling 1991:979 [ref. 22441], Page & Burr 1991:110 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:376 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:80 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:97 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:72 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:448 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:91 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:79 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Kottelat 2006:87 [ref. 28831], Page & Burr 2011:221 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater. corporalis, Cyprinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1817:289 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 1; ref. 17776] Wallkill [Walkill] River, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared in Mitchill 1818:324 [ref. 30124]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Ross et al. 2001:235 [ref. 25978]). •Valid as Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Lee et al. 1980:362 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:155 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:66 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:88 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:306 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:170 [ref. 23376], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Simons & Mayden 1997:188 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:511 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:155 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:188 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater. coskuncelebii, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Aksu [I.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Bektaş [Y.] 2019:204 [4], Figs. 2-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 29 (no. 3) IEF-1107; ref. 37022] Stream Aksu at Gölköy, Düzce Province, Turkey, 40°45'49"N, 30°57'43"E. Holotype: FFR 07007. Paratypes: FFR 07005 (73). Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:413 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019 -- (Kaya 2020:421 [ref. 37444], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:383 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Büyük Melen River basin and coastal streams Çayağzı in Düzce province and Alaplı in Zonguldak province, southwestern Black Sea watershed (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. coskuncelebii, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Aksu [I.], Bayçelebi [E.] & Bektaş [Y.] in Bektaş, Aksu, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Atasaral, Ekmekçi & Turan 2019:[1] [Mitochondrial DNA Part A v. 30 (no. 7); ref. 36964] Büyük Melen Stream, western Anatolia, Turkey. No types known. Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:383 [ref. 40625]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides coskuncelebii Turan, Kaya, Aksu, Bayçelebi & Bektaş 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. costatus, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:180 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tan lan Ho River, tributary of Shu lan Ho, about 30 miles northeast of Lama-miau or Dolon-nor, Pechili Province, China. Syntypes: ANSP 16383-85 (3), 16386 (1, c&s). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:73 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869, subspecies oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Berg 1949:583 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris costata (Fowler 1899) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274] as costatus). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:86 [ref. 23878]). •See also Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874 ) -- (Kottelat 2006:88 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. couchi, Dionda Girard [C. F.] 1856:178 [14] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río San Juan, Guajuco, Monterey and Cadereita, Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. Syntypes: ANSP 5069 (1), MCZ 1780 [ex USNM 40] (1); USNM 40 (orig. 4, should be 3, now 0), 41 (orig. 5, now 4, plus 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2654), 42 (orig. 1, now 0, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2655). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]. On p. 14 of separate. Mayden et al. 1992 [ref. 29832] as first revisors selected Dionda melanops as the appropriate name for this taxon; D. couchi is a junior subjective synonym. •Synonym of Dionda episcopa Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:154 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Dionda couchi Girard 1856 -- (Miller 2006:115 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Dionda melanops Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395], Schönhuth et al. 2008:738 [ref. 29831]). Current status: Synonym of Dionda melanops Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. couchi, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río San Juan, near China, Nuevo León State, Mexico. Syntypes: MCZ 1795 (2); USNM 103 ? = 20227 (34 spec., 2 pharyngeal bones). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:66 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. couesii, Apocope Yarrow [H. C.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:648, Pl. 27 (figs. 2-2a) [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Near Camp Apache [Fort Apache], 33°47'26"N, 109°59'17"W, southern Navajo County, Arizona, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:66-67 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), subspecies osculus -- (Gilbert 1998:67 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856) -- (Minckley & Marsh 2009:172 [ref. 31114]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. crameri, Hybopsis Snyder [J. O.] 1908:181, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 27 (Doc. 638) (for 1907); ref. 10252] Willamette River, Oregon City, Clackamas County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 61574. Paratypes: CAS-SU 9863 (orig. 10, now 9), not CAS-SU 24274 (1); UMMZ ?154376 (16), 139020 [ex CAS-SU 9863] (1); USNM 58083 (11), 58088 (1), 58138 (9), 58168 (10), 61575 (2), 124977 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:32 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:67 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis crameri Snyder 1908 -- (Lee et al. 1980:183 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Oregonichthys crameri (Snyder 1908) -- (Markle et al. 1991:281 [ref. 21027], Page & Burr 1991:83 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:67 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:177 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Oregonichthys crameri (Snyder 1908). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Oregon, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. crassa, Leuciscus rutilus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:499 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Treated by Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] as infrasubspecific and not available; from Lake Léman and Lake Lucerne. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. crassa, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:207 [43] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Sacramento River, near Fort Reading [Redding], Shasta County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 216 (plus pharyngeal arches as #2777). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:67 [ref. 23395]. On p. 43 of separate. •Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:67 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. crassicauda, Lavinia Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] in Girard 1854:137 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] San Francisco; San Joaquin River, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ?ANSP 4197 (1) San Joaquin R., USNM 235 (2, plus pair pharyngeal arches as #2772) San Joaquin. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:67-68 [ref. 23395]. Author is S. F. Baird and Girard. •Valid as Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854) [but apparently extinct] -- (Lee et al. 1980:164 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:67-68 [ref. 23395], Moyle 2002:127 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:165 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. crassilabrum, Phenacobius Minckley [W. L.] & Craddock [J. E.] 1962:369, Figs. 1a, 3a [Copeia 1962 (no. 2); ref. 6261] Elk River (tributary to Watauga River), Carter County, Tennessee, U.S.A., 36°18'N, 81°57'53"W. Holotype: UMMZ 179151. Paratypes: UMMZ 157418 (23), 157434 (29, 1 c&s). Additional material: UMMZ (10 lots). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Phenacobius crassilabrum Minckley & Craddock 1962 -- (Lee et al. 1980:331 [ref. 22416], Burkhead & Jenkins 1991:359 [ref. 21804], Page & Burr 1991:97 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:240 [ref. 22809], Jenkins et al. in Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:342 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:202 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Phenacobius crassilabrum Minckley & Craddock 1962. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. crassus, Acanthorutilus Ladiges [W.] 1960:134, Fig. 6 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 58; ref. 9361] Insuyu stream, near Cihanbeyli, Lake Tuz basin, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1149. Paratypes: ZMH H1150 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:157 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus crassus (Ladiges 1960) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:269 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:157 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:177 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:305 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:4 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Kelleci et al. 2021:282 [ref. 38359], Çiçek et al. 2023:403 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus crassus (Ladiges 1960). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tuz Gölü tributary, Konya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. craverii, Leuciscus De Filippi [F.] in Tortonese 1940:140 [Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino. (Ser. 3) v. 48 (no. 111); ref. 21559] Not available, manuscript name and specimens mentioned in a type catalog. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. croaticus, Phoxinellus Steindachner [F.] 1866:594 [1], Pl. 1 [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 52 (1. Abth.); ref. 18758] Rivers in Croatia (several localities). Syntypes: (many) ?MCZ 4007 (1); MSNG 9076 (3); NMW 51064 (9), 51115-16 (2, 1), 51063 (5), 51167 (45); ZMB 6000 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:187 [ref. 10343]. On p. 1 of separate. Also in Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757]. •Valid as Paraphoxinus croaticus (Steindachner 1865) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Phoxinellus croaticus Steindachner 1866 -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Zupancic & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:373 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Telestes croaticus (Steindachner 1866) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:282 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:51 [ref. 29926], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Marčić et al. 2011:421 [ref. 31443], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54, 70 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:100 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:168 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Telestes croaticus (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Jadova and Ričica River drainages (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater. croceus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Florence, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395] •Status uncertain, most likely a synonym of Notropis longirostris (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042]). •Status uncertain, most likely Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies abtusus Agassiz 1854 [of which croceus is earlier] -- (Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804) -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:279 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. crocophthalmus, Scardinius Walecki [A.] 1863:364 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Apparently an unneeded new name for Cyprinus erythrophthalmus Linnaeus 1758. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. crucifer, Phoxinus Gratzianov [V. I.] 1907:123, 128 [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Vicinity of Troitskosavsk city, Selenga River basin, Lake Baikal basin, Russia. Syntypes: ZMMU P-1673 (3), P-1681 (2), P-2727 (2). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:22-23 [ref. 25714]. •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallis 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. cruoreus, Squalius Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1881:460 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 175); ref. 10606] Provo River, tributary to Utah Lake, Provo, Utah County, Utah, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 30806. Paralectotypes: (numerous) BMNH 1883.12.14.203 [ex USNM 30805] (1), USNM 27408 (orig. 6, now 4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856) -- (La Rivers 1994:395 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. crysoleucas, Cyprinus Mitchill [S. L.] 1814:23 [Report, in part, of Samuel L. Mitchill; ref. 3030] Vicinity of New York City, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395]. Also in Mitchill 1815:459 [ref. 13292]. •Valid as Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Lee et al. 1980:219 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:132 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:196 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:60 [ref. 14674], Tomelleri & Eberle 1990:83 [ref. 24089], Page & Burr 1991:66 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:53 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:199 [ref. 22809], La Rivers 1994:421 [ref. 23389], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:280 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Baxter & Stone 1995:88 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:116 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:82 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:227 [ref. 25836], Murdy et al. 1997:86 [ref. 23144], Sigler & Sigler 1996:96 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:68 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:434 [ref. 24570], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fuller et al. 1999:100 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:25 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:184 [ref. 25978], Moyle 2002:164 [ref. 26449], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:129 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:85 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:134 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:215 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:26 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Minckley & Marsh 2009:183 [ref. 31114], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Page & Burr 2011:157 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:100 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Canada and U.S.A.; native to Atlantic and Gulf Coast drainages. Habitat: freshwater. csikii, Phoxinus Hankó [B.] 1922:1, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-3) [A Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Balkán-Kutatásainak tudományos eredményei. v. 1; ref. 16373] Rožaje [Rozaj], on the Ibar River, tributary to the Zapadna Morava river, a tributary of the Danube, Montenegro, 42°50′39″N, 20°10′00″E. Neotype: NMW 98673 [ex 51266:2]. Original types MNH (2), destroyed by fire in 1956. Neotype designated by Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35648]. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2007:156 [ref. 29201]). •Valid as Phoxinus csikii Hankó 1922 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:14 [ref. 35519], Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35648], Denys & Manne 2019:199 [ref. 36790], Bogutskaya et al. 2019:8 [ref. 37234], Denys et al. 2020:213 [ref. 37846], Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus csikii Hankó 1922. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Europe: Danube River system: from the Balkans to Germany, and the upper Rhine basin west to Lake Geneva; introduced in the lower Rhine, Germany, The Netherlands, France, and northern Italy. Habitat: freshwater. cubanicum, Chondrostoma colchicum See Chondrostoma colchicum kubanicum. Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg 1914. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. cultratus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:326 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Helgeån River. Holotype (unique): ZMUU Linn. Coll. 224 (poor condition). Type catalog and locality: Wheeler 1991:162 [ref. 20102]. •Valid as Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:810 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:213 [ref. 22962], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:213 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1988:181 [ref. 37734], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:72 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:739 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:52 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:98 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:254 [ref. 28804], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:219 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Parin et al. 2014:85 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:876 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:33 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:162 [ref. 37026], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[33] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cumberlandensis, Phoxinus Starnes [W. C.] & Starnes [L. B.] 1978:509, Figs. 1-4 [Copeia 1978 (no. 3); ref. 8875] Brownies Creek along Kentucky highway 987 at Cubage, Bell County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 103312. Paratypes: ANSP 138365 (13); FMNH 83832 (16); TU 103313-15 (11, 6, 1), 1103316 (2, c&s), 103317 (3); UF 22211 (18); UMMZ 201152 (10); USNM 217810 (25); UT 44.1366 (5). Additional material: UL, UMMZ, W. C. Starnes coll. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:65 [ref. 12367], Bart & Taylor 1993:44 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:68-69 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Phoxinus cumberlandensis Starnes & Starnes 1978 -- (Lee et al. 1980:335 [ref. 22416], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], Page & Burr 1991:86 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:244 [ref. 22809], Gilbert 1998:68-69 [ref. 23395], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Starnes & Starnes 1978) -- (Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:184 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus cumberlandensis (Starnes & Starnes 1978). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Kentucky and Tennessee, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. cumingii, Ceratichthys Günther [A.] 1868:177 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Given as California, U.S.A.; actual is southern Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1856.4.9.10 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042] selected boucardi over cumingii, both described in the same publication; some subsequent authors have not accepted this action. •Synonym of Notropis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:39 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Hybopsis cumingii (Günther 1868) -- (Miller 2006:129 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Hybopsis boucardi (Günther 1868) -- (Markle et al. 1991:277 [ref. 21027]). •Valid as Notropis cumingii (Günther 1868) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis cumingii (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Pacific Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. cummingsi, Notropis Myers [G. S.] 1925:1, Fig. 1 [American Museum Novitates No. 168; ref. 12394] Upper Burnt Mill Creek, Wilmington, New Hanover County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: AMNH 8391 (apparently lost). Paratypes: ANSP 53943 (1); BMNH 1925.10.19.5 (1); CAS-SU 24327 (1); UMMZ 66514 (4); USNM 87396 (2), 94145 (2), 94242 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:39-40 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. Named after a women so name most desirably would have been cummingsae. But that is not a mandatory change. However, it appears that the spelling cummingsae has achieved prevailing use and the name cummingsae should be continued. •Valid as Notropis cummingsae Myers 1925 -- (Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:259 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:150 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:55 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:253 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:239 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:281 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:105 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Notropis cummingsae Myers 1925. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. cupida, Acanthobrama Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1077 [87] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Kueik River at Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 55340-43 (1, 1, 1). On p. 87 of separate [ref. 2067]. Listed on p. 1033 [43 of separate] under Acanthobrama as Trachibrama cupida. •Synonym of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843 -- (Goren et al. 1973:296 [ref. 1853], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:108 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. cyaneus, Hypsilepis cornutus Cope [E. D.] 1868:160 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Montreal River, Keweenaw Point on Lake Superior, Keweenaw County, Michigan, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 3950. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3951-59 (9). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:284 [ref. 19840] and 1918:31 [ref. 11665]. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cyanocephalus, Lythrurus Copeland [H. E.] in Jordan 1877:70 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 29 (pt 1); ref. 2372] Root River, Racine County, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 17857. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:300 [ref. 2443]; also designated by Snelson & Pflieger 1975:235 [ref. 12387]. Description stated to be from Copeland's notes, with a few additional characters taken from the types which are now in my [Jordan's] possession. •Synonym of Notropis umbratilis (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Snelson & Pflieger 1975:235 [ref. 12387], Smith 1986:183 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Notropis umbratilis (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:318 [ref. 22416], Robison 1985:130 [ref. 17269], Robison & Buchanan 1988:238 [ref. 23393], Scott & Crossman 1998:472 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Stauffer et al. 1995:101 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:225 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North-centreal U.S.A. [subspecies cyanocephalus]. Habitat: freshwater. cyclotis, Ceratichthys Cope [E. D.] 1865:277 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Michigan, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2113. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2114-16 (3), 2117 (1); UMMZ 213800-04 (3, 12, 4, 2, 2); NMW 52347 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1918:34 [ref. 11665]; see also Böhlke 1984:74. •Synonym of Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland 1840) -- (Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland 1840). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. cypha, Gila Miller [R. R.] 1946:410, Fig. 1 [Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences v. 36 (no. 12); ref. 13129] Near Phantom Ranch, western end of Grand Canyon, Arizona, U.S.A. (presumably from Colorado River, at mouth of Bright Angel Creek). Holotype: USNM 131839. Other specimens: USNM 15349 (1, head only), 20083 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:69-70 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila cypha Miller 1946 -- (Lee et al. 1980:165 [ref. 22416], Suttkus & Clemmer 1977 [ref. 21045], Page & Burr 1991:74 [ref. 18983], McElroy & Douglas 1995:636 [ref. 22405], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Sigler & Sigler 1996:79 [ref. 25943], Tyus 1998:190 [ref. 24138], Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395], Douglas et al. 2001:389 [ref. 25233], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:121 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:168 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila cypha Miller 1946. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. cyri, Chondrostoma Kessler [K. F.] 1877:137, Pl. 5 (fig. 21) [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Kura River, Tbilisi, Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: (8) BMNH 1897.7.5.27 [ex St. Petersberg Univ.] (1), ZIN 10919 (2). •Synonym of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877 -- (Elvira 1991:148 [ref. 20036], Coad 1995:16 [ref. 23608], Fricke et al. 2007:38 [ref. 29533]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum Kessler 1877, but a valid subspecies -- (Elvira 1987:122 [ref. 6743], Bogutskaya 1997:170 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:60-61 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Chondrostoma cyri Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:631 [ref. 20661], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:368 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:869 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:43 [ref. 35254], Eagderi et al. 2017:130 [ref. 35624], Esmaeili et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36089], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:135 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:396 [ref. 40625], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma cyri Kessler 1877. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura-Aras River basin, Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater. czekanowskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:953 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon and Ingoda rivers, Upper Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Spelled crebanowskii in Table. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]. •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:579 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:25 [ref. 13497], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:739 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:87 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Chereshnev et al. 2001:44 [ref. 26736], Wang et al. 2001:84 [ref. 26566], Shedko & Shedko 2003:321 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:93 [ref. 28183]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:47 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:234 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:88 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853], Romanov et al. 2017:822 [ref. 35687], Zuev et al. 2019:370 [ref. 36772], Dyldin et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: North Asia and East Asia: Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. czernayi, Owsianka Dybowski [B. N.] 1862:283, 284 [Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweiter Serie. Biologische Naturkunde. Dorpat v. 3; ref. 1168] Dnieper, Dniestr, Don, Weichsel [Vistula] and Düna [Dvina] rivers, Poland, Ukranine, Russia and Latvia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:62 [ref. 23589], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. czerskii, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1912:225, Pl. 1 (figs. 6, 6a) [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Odarka River, Lake Khanka basin, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 15571 (6+14), 15572 (4), 15573 (6+), 15574 (6+), 15621 (6+). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:580 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178]). •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. dabar, Telestes Bogutskaya [N. G.], Zupančič [P.], Bogut [I.] & Naseka [A. M.] 2012:56, Figs. 1a, 2a, 3a [ZooKeys No. 180; ref. 32007] Dabarsko Polje, Opačica River at Potkom, 43°05.9'N, 18°07.6'E, Bosnia & Herzegovina. Holotype: NMW 95295. Paratypes: NMW 95300 (6); PZC 279 (12), 521 (13), 526 (13), 565 (21), 575 (18); ZISP 54995 (15); SMNH 444 (?). •Valid as Telestes dabar Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012. Current status: Valid as Telestes dabar Bogutskaya, Zupančič, Bogut & Naseka 2012. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Vrijeka and Opačica rivers, in the Dabarsko Polje of eastern Bosnia & Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. dagestanicus, Alburnus alburnus charusini natio Petrov [V. V.] 1926:146 [Izvestiya Bakinskoi ikhtiologicheskoi laboratorii Baku v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 19611] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Caucasus shore of Caspian Sea. •In the synonymy of Alburnus charusini Herzenstein 1889 -- (Berg 1949:749 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. dakotensis, Chrosomus Evermann [B. W.] & Cox [U. O.] 1896:395 [Report of the Commissioner, United States Commissioner of Fish and Fisheries Pt 20 (for 1894) (Appendix 5); ref. 12379] Crow Creek, about 10-15 miles northeast of Chamberlain, Buffalo County, South Dakota, U.S.A. Syntypes: (13) CAS-SU 2260 (1); USNM 45680 (orig. 2, now 0), 125202 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Chrosomus eos Cope 1861 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:395 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Phoxinus eos (Cope 1861) -- (Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Chrosomus eos Cope 1861. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. dalmaticus, Phoxinellus Zupančič [P.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2000:70, Figs. 1-6 [Natura Croatica v. 9 (no. 2); ref. 25145] Cikola River, Kljake, Croatia. Holotype: CNHM 5387. Paratypes: PZC uncat. (5, 3, 1, 2, 1 [c&s]). •Valid as Phoxinellus dalmaticus Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2000 -- (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:373 [ref. 27407], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:223 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:34 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:75 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:162 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinellus dalmaticus Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2000. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia. Habitat: freshwater. damghani, Alburnoides Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Eagderi [S.], Esmaeili [H. R.], Coad [B. W.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2016:165, Figs. 3-6 [ZooKeys No. 579; ref. 34375] Cheshmeh Ali, Damghan River tributary, near Damghan City, Dasht-e Kavir basin, Semnan Province, Iran, 36°16'45.6"N, 54°05'01.6"E, elevation 1569 meters. Holotype: CMNFI 2015-0091. Paratypes: CMNFI, ZM-CBSU. •Valid as Alburnoides damghani Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Coad & Bogutskaya 2016 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:112 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides damghani Jouladeh-Roudbar, Eagderi, Esmaeili, Coad & Bogutskaya 2016. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Kavir basin (northern Iran). Habitat: freshwater. danilewskii, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1877:126 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Azov Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 2944 (1), 50162 [ex 2944] (1). •Valid as Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877) -- (Berg 1949:550 [ref. 20661], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:206 [ref. 29996], Parin et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33547], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus danilewskii (Kessler 1877). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Don River drainage. Habitat: freshwater. danubicus, Alburnus var. Antipa [G.] 1909:162, Pl. 13 (fig. 64) [Publicatiuniule fondului Vasilie Adamachi, Academia Româna [Fauna ichtiologica a romaniei, de dr. Gr. Antipa]. v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15922] (Several localities) Danube River Delta. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:737 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Alburnus danubicus Antipa 1909 -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339], Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:215 [ref. 29340], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:167 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya et al. 2017:106 [ref. 35513]). •Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) -- (Parin et al. 2014:68 [ref. 33547] dated 1837). Current status: Valid as Alburnus danubicus Antipa 1909. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Coastal lakes in Romania and lower Danube river system in Bulgaria and Romania. Now extinct. Habitat: freshwater. danubii, Abramis brama Pavlov [P. I.] 1956:894 [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 35 (no. 6); ref. 22964] Lakes Yalpug and Khitay, Ukraine. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Original not seen. •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:162 [ref. 23566], Parin et al. 2014:64 [ref. 33547]). Current status: Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. daugawensis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Dybowski [B. N.] (ex Kessler) 1862:228, 237, Pl. 6 [Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweiter Serie. Biologische Naturkunde. Dorpat v. 3; ref. 1168] Düna River, Riga, Latvia. No types at ZIN. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. dauricus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:149 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Waters of Daourie [Transbaikalia], Russia. On Cyprinus rutilus of Pallas. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. dauricus, Phoxinus perenurus var. Dybowski [B. N.] 1877:17 [Izvestiya Zapadno Sibirskogo Otdela Imperatorskago Russkago Geograpficheskago Obshchestva, Irkutsk v. 8 (nos. 1-2); ref. 1171] Onon River basin, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. Same species as Leuciscus dauricus Valenciennes 1844? •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. deaconi, Rhinichthys Miller [R. R.] 1984:3, Figs. 1-2 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 707; ref. 17443] Las Vegas Creek, 0.4 kilometers below U.S. highway 91-93, Las Vegas, Clark County, Nevada, U.S.A., elevation 2000 feet. Holotype: UMMZ 125007. Paratypes: UMMZ 105549 (36), 125008 (734, 3 c&s), 131018 (4), 211169 (1, allotype); USNM 46113 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:69 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Rhinichthys deaconi Miller 1984 [but extinct] -- (Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940], Minckley & Marsh 2009:166 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:206 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys deaconi Miller 1984. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. [now extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. decipiens, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:38 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Name only, not available; from Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. deliciosa, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:199 [35] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Leon River [Leon Creek], a tributary to San Antonio River, Bexar County, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 119. Paralectotypes: (12) ANSP 4170 (1), MCZ 1690 [ex USNM 119] (2), MNHN 0000-0379 [es USNM 119] (1), USNM 162723 (1), 162724 (8, plus 1 pharyngeal arch as # 2704), 171785 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:74 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]. On p. 35 of separate. Lectotype selected by Suttkus 1958:308 [ref. 21233]. •Synonym of Notropis texanus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis texanus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. delineatus, Alburnus mossulensis Battalgil [F.] 1942:290 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 13190] Diyarbakir, southeastern Turkey. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus mossulensis (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Questionably a synonym of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566]). •Questionably a synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Current status: Uncertain as Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. delineatus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1041 [51] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Marchfelds near Vienna and Mähren, Austria. Syntypes: NMW 49783 (7), 50794 (6), 50796 (1). On p. 51 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Berg 1949:610 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:200 [ref. 22962], Coad 1995:18 [ref. 23608], Pipoyan 1996:134 [ref. 22906], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:62 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Gabrielyan 2001:27 [ref. 25867], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Hanel 2003:50 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:80 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:211 [ref. 28804], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:203 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:171 [ref. 30270], Perea et al. 2010:3 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Liao et al. 2011:31 [ref. 31306], Parin et al. 2014:81 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:873 [ref. 34062], Barbieri et al. 2015:54 [ref. 35029] with author as Hechel, Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089], Ćaleta et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37026], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:138 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:399 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe and western Asia; also introduced. Habitat: freshwater. dementjevi, Phoxinus Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1954:73 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 2; ref. 12234] Chu River, Kyrgystan. Syntypes: (36). •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris dementjevi (Turdakov & Piskarev 1954). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Central Asia. Habitat: freshwater. demiri, Alburnus Özuluğ [M.] & Freyhof [J.] 2008:308, Figs. 1-2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 4) [for Dec. 2007]; ref. 29389] Stream Tahtah at Saşal village, 38°11.948'N, 27°08.148'E, Izmir Province, Turkey. Holotype: ZMB 33768. Paratypes: IUSHM 34200-935 (10), ZMB 33769 (10). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:46 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Alburnus demiri Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008 -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:389 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus demiri Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tahtahçay (Aegean Sea tributary), Izmir Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. deogyuensis, Rhynchocypris Lee [S.-R.] & Sim [J.-H.] 2017:2, Figs. 1, 2A, 3 [Journal of National Park Research v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 35390] Geum River, Deogyusan National Park, Samgong-ri, Solcheonmyon, Muju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Holotype: NPRI 148. Paratypes: NPRI. •Valid as Rhynchocypris deogyuensis Lee & Sim 2017. Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris deogyuensis Lee & Sim 2017. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Middle and upper Geum River, Korea. Habitat: freshwater. dergle, Scardinius Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:156, Fig. 81 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Kerka and Zermagna rivers, Dalmatia [Croatia], Livno, Bosnia, Yugoslavia. Syntypes: NMW 51753-54 (2, 3), 51676 (6). Appeared first in Kner 1843:1037 (p. 47 of separate) [ref. 2066] as name only with locality; not available. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332]). •Valid as Scardinius dergle Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:251 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:40 [ref. 29926], Ćaleta et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34877], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987], Ćaleta et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius dergle Heckel & Kner 1857. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Adriatic basin, Balcans. Habitat: freshwater. derjavini, Blicca bjoerkna Dadikyan [M. G.] 1970:740 [550] [Voprosy Ikhtiologii v. 10 (no. 4, art. 63); ref. 7728] Sevdzhur River, tributary to Araks River, Armenia. Syntypes: (30) whereabouts unknown. On p. 550 of English translation. •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:13 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:134 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. derjugini, Alburnus chalcoides var. Berg [L. S.] 1923:272, 507 [ ref. 16807] River Çoruh basin, south Caucasus, Georgia. No types known. Appeared in footnote as Alburnus chalcoides derjugini, and in text on p. 507 as Alburnus alburnus derjugini (manually corrected by L. S. Berg into A. chalcoides derjugini in ZIN library copy). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:740 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:175 [ref. 22962], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) -- (Parin et al. 2014:68 [ref. 33547] dated 1837). •Valid as Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923 -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007:241 [ref. 29341], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Bogutskaya et al. 2017:93 [ref. 35513], Saygun et al. 2017:187 [ref. 38891], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ et al. 2018:37 [ref. 35953], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[11] [ref. 37627], Çiçek et al. 2023:390 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[29] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Alburnus derjugini Berg 1923. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: streams of eastern Black Sea basin, from Ashe drainage (Russia) to River Harsit (northeastern Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. devolli, Alburnoides Bogutskaya [N. G.], Zupančič [P.] & Naseka [A. M.] 2010:462, Fig. 4 [Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences v. 314 (no. 4); ref. 31109] Devoll River, at road SH3, near Maliq, Korçe District, ca 40°42'N, 20°42'E, Albania. Holotype: NMW 95276. Paratypes: NMW 95279 (2), ZIN 54982 (6), plus one c&s specimen. Plus 1 non-type specimen. •Valid as Alburnoides devolli Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:176 [ref. 34375], Bogutskaya & Ahnelt 2019:102 [ref. 36889] as cf. devolli). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides devolli Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Devoll River, upper Seman River drainage, Albania. Habitat: freshwater. diaboli, Dionda Hubbs [Clark L.] & Brown [W. H.] 1957:69, Fig. 1 [Southwestern Naturalist v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 12144] Devil's River at Baker's Crossing, 29°57'N, 101°09'W, Val Verde County, Texas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 168971. Paratypes: FMNH 61666 (2); TNHC 3412 (1), 4234 (1); UMMZ 168972-73 (3, 36); USNM 164251 (9, now 8). Additional material: TNHC 1852 (39), TU 10413 (5). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:32 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Dionda diaboli Hubbs & Brown 1957 -- (Lee et al. 1980:153 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:96 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:70 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:116 [ref. 28615], Schönhuth et al. 2008:738 [ref. 29831], Page & Burr 2011:198 [ref. 31215], Schönhuth et al. 2011:428 [ref. 36200], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Dionda diaboli Hubbs & Brown 1957. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. dichroma, Dionda Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1977:307, Figs. 5A-B, 10 [Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History v. 18 (no. 17); ref. 7060] Spring-fed marsh, 10 kilometers south of Ríoverde, San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 196701. Paratypes: LSUMZ 1216 (7); UF 14575 (10); UANL 1031 (10), 1321 (4), 1327 (38, ? now 36); UMMZ 172195 (251, now 241, 6 c&s, 1 skel.), 187685 (11), 188800 (13), 189278 (47), 189573 (113, 6 c&s), 192511 (4), 193448 (24), 193473 (19), 196338 (72), 196702 (15, 2 c&s); USNM 325999 [ex UANL 1327] (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:70-71 [ref. 23395], Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:3 [ref. 23752]. The species epithet dichroma is apparently a noun. •Valid as Dionda dichroma Hubbs & Miller 1977 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:70-71 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:116 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Tampichthys dichromus (Hubbs & Miller 1977) -- (Schönhuth et al. 2008:745 [ref. 29831], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Tampichthys dichroma (Hubbs & Miller 1977). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. diclensis, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Bektaş [Y.], Kaya [C.] & Bayçelebi [E.] 2016:81, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa 4067 (no. 1); ref. 34162] Eziki stream, Tigris River drainage, Hakkari Province, Turkey, 37°40'38"N, 43°51'84"E. Holotype: FFR01118. Paratypes: FFR. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:414 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2016 -- (Çiçek et al. 2016:116 [ref. 35152], Turan et al. 2017:566 [ref. 35182] dated 2014, Çiçek et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36267], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:384 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides diclensis Turan, Bektaş, Kaya & Bayçelebi 2016. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. dilectus, Alburnus Girard [C. F.] 1856:193 [29] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Arkansas River, near Fort Smith, Arkansas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1785 (2); UMMZ 56281 (1); USNM 71 (2), 36927 (29). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:40 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]. On p. 29 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:192 [ref. 25978]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. dimidiatus, Leucus Cope [E. D.] 1883:145 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 35; ref. 951] Pyramid Lake, Washoe County, Nevada, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 19392. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19393-99 [= 7 numbers] (8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1913:67, Fig. 2 [ref. 22249]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), subspecies obesus (Girard 1856) -- (authors). •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1956), subspecies bicolor -- (Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856), subspecies obesus (Girard 1856) -- (La Rivers 1994:412 [ref. 23389]). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. dimorphus, Leucaspius delineatus var. Ruzsky [M. D.] 1914:1 [No. 287; ref. 22997] Lakes in Sura River basin, Kurmyxh District, Russia. No types known. Original not seen. Appeared first without distinguishing features in Gratzianov (ex Ruzskii) 1907 [ref. 1871], not available. Available as above. •Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:139 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. dinemus, Minnilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:236 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Ohio River, etc., U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]. Genus originally misspelled Minulus; corrected in Rafinesque 1820:158 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. diplaemia, Hypsilepis Cope [E. D.] 1868:162 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Apparently not an original description but a misidentification (and misspelling) of Semotilus diplemia Rafinesque 1820 [Cope cites Rafinesque as authority for name]; contrary to treatment in Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042] and Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]. If Gilbert is followed, then ANSP 3054-55 (2) are syntypes and type locality is Grand R. (or tributary thereof), Lansing, Ingham Co., Michigan. •In the synonymy of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), subspecies cyanocephalus Copeland 1877 -- (Gilbert 1998:71-72 [ref. 23395]). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. diplemia, Semotilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:239 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Kentucky River near Estill, Kentucky, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:71-72 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:50 [ref. 3592]. Spelled diplaemia by Cope 1868:162 [ref. 7316]. •Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), subspecies cyanocephalus Copeland 1877, but more likely is Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:71 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Current status: Synonym of Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. dissimilis, Leucosomus Girard [C. F.] 1856:189 [25] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Milk River and Little Muddy River, tributary of the upper Missouri River, Montana, U.S.A. Syntypes: UMMZ 56282 [ex USNM 160] (1, lost); USNM 158 (2, plus 1 pair of pharyngeal arches as #2733), 159 (orig. 10, now 0, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2734), 160 (orig. 18, now 0). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395]. On p. 25 of separate. •Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Lee et al. 1980:150 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395] as an unavailable name for a valid subspecies, McPhail 2007:66 [ref. 31199]). Current status: Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. dissimilis, Luxilus Kirtland [J. P.] 1840:341, Pl. 4 (fig. 2) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 3 (nos 3-4) (art. 10, 17); ref. 18404] Mahoning River, near Youngstown, [and probably not Lake Erie at Cleveland] Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Hybopsis dissimilis (Kirtland 1840) -- (Lee et al. 1980:184 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:138 [ref. 22186], Robison & Buchanan 1988:184 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Erimystax dissimilis (Kirtland 1840) -- (Page & Burr 1991:105 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:166 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:332 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:80 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:183 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395], Simons 2004:354 [ref. 27695], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:179 [ref. 27995] with date as 1841, Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940] dated 1841, Page & Burr 2011:214 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708] dated 1841). Current status: Valid as Erimystax dissimilis (Kirtland 1840). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. ditaenia, Gila Miller [R. R.] 1945:106, Pl. 1 [Copeia 1945 (no. 2); ref. 3016] Río Magdalena, 500 yards west of La Casita, Sonora, Mexico. Holotype: USNM 129954. Paratypes: (476) UMMZ 141945 (241, 11 c&s); USNM 45431 (orig. 40, now 53), 129953 (172), 129955 (9), 130668 (14). Non-type material: USNM 130669 (8). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Gila ditaenia Miller 1945 -- (Lee et al. 1980:166 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:75 [ref. 18983], DeMarais & Minckley 1992 [ref. 19868], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:15 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:72 [ref. 23395], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:121 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:124 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:171 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila ditaenia Miller 1945. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Southwestern U.S.A. and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. dnjestrensis, Alburnus Gratzianov [V. I.] 1907:139, 141 [Trudy Otdela Ichtiologii Imperatorskago Russkago Obshchestva Akklimatizacii Zivotnych' i Rastenii. v. 4; ref. 1871] Dniestr River near Bendery, Moldova. Syntypes: ZMMU P-3688 (5). Type catalog: Vasil'eva et al. 2001:18 [ref. 25714]. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. dobula, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Central Europe. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. dobuloides, Abramis Günther [A.] 1857:51, Pl. 2 [Jahreshefte des Vereins für Vaterländische Naturkunde in Württemberg v. 13; ref. 23074] Neckar River, Blaulach stream, Tübingen, Germany. •Hybrid between Leuciscus dobula x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. dojranensis, Leuciscus pigus Karaman [S.] 1928:153, Fig. 2a [Glasnik Skopskog Nauchnog Drustva [Glasnik -- Bulletin de la Société Scientifique de Skopje]. v. 6; ref. 15903] Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (several) IEBMT. Also as new in Karaman 1929:172 [ref. 15904]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a possible valid subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. dojranensis, Scardinius erythrophthalmus var. Karaman [S.] 1924:60 [Pisces Macedoniae; ref. 15902] Lake Dojran, Republic of Macedonia. Syntypes: (several) IEBMT. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. dolabrata, Cyprinus Holandre [J.] 1837:250 [Faune du département de la Moselle; ref. 23022] River Moselle, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Also appeared as same in Holandre 1837:3 [ref. 23075]; earliest not researched. •A hybrid between Leuciscus dobula x Alburnus alburnus -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. dolabratus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Hollandre) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:248 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Moselle River. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. domninus, Protoporus Cope [E. D.] 1872:473 [U. S. Geological Survey Territitories Annual Report v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 923] Snake River (or tributary thereof), Fort Hall, north of Plcatello, Bingham County, Idaho, U.S.A. Syntypes: (many) whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621] as none at ANSP, spelled dominus, Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856) -- (La Rivers 1994:395 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila atraria (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. donokubanensis, Rutilus rutilus heckeli natio Pavlov [P. I.] 1961:250 [Zoologicheskii Zhurnal v. 40 (no. 2); ref. 23008] Originally as dono-kubanensis. Not available, infrasubspecific; from Sea of Azov. •In the synonymy of Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. doriae, Alburnus De Filippi [F.] 1865:360 [Note di un viaggio in Persia nel 1862; ref. 13943] [Probably south of] Shiraz, Iran. Lectotype: MZUT N.720. Paralectotypes: MSNG 9102 (6, 5 not this species). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:140 [ref. 21559]. Lectotype apparently established by Tortonese 1934 by use of holotype (see Coad 1985:173 [ref. 9663]); also designated by Tortonese 1961:187 [ref. 10343]. •Synonym of Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1985:173 [ref. 9663], Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:491 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Zayandeh River drainage, Lake Namak basin and Karun River drainage, Iran Habitat: freshwater. dorobae, Leuciscus Ishikawa [C.] 1904:6, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Proceedings of the Department of Natural History, Tokyo Imperial Museum v. 1; ref. 9847] Kai, Omi, Mimasaku, Japan. No types known. Originally as dorobaë. •Synonym of Moroco steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Okada 1961:489 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Howes 1985:60 [ref. 5274]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. dorsalis, Hybopsis Agassiz [L.] 1854:358 [20] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Burlington, Des Moines County, Iowa, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1947 (93), 153848 (arches), 153927 (skeleton); UMMZ 86506 [ex MCZ 1947] (10), USNM 120418 [ex MCZ 1947] (4), ZMB 5639 [ex MCZ 1947] (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]. On p. 20 of separate. •Valid as Hybopsis dorsalis Agassiz 1854 -- (Cross & Collins 1995:68 [ref. 23394], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513]). •Valid as Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:260 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:193 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:144 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:216 [ref. 22809], Baxter & Stone 1995:92 [ref. 23374], Stauffer et al. 1995:128 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:452 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:109 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:92 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Pera & Armbruster 2006:423 [ref. 28795], Page & Burr 2011:274 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Northeastern U.S.A. and southern Canada. Habitat: freshwater. dorsalis, Semotilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:239 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Kentucky River and several other rivers, eastern U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]. Also in Rafinesque 1820:49 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:511 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. dragarum, Phoxinus Denys [G. P. J.], Dettaï [A.], Persat [H.], Daszkiewicz [P.], Hautecoeur [M.] & Keith [P.] 2020:220, Fig. 8 [Cybium v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 37846] Arrat-Devant Stream, Manent-Montané, France, 43°20.7'N, 00°37.5'E, elevation 275 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2019-0262. Paratypes: MNHN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus dragarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 -- (Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus dragarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Garonne River basin, France; introduced in the Ebro and Guadalquivir drainages (Spain) and the Rhone Basin (France). Habitat: freshwater. dremaei, Chondrostoma Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:418, Fig. 105 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Lot River near Cahors, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3142. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3143 (4); NMW 52237-38 (9, 12). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:72 [ref. 19574] as dremei, Almaça 1969:1128 [ref. 20712]. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1969:1128 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Chondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837) -- (Elvira 1987:131 [ref. 6743], Kottelat 1997:56 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Parachondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837). Current status: Synonym of Parachondrostoma toxostoma (Vallot 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. drjagini, Alburnoides taeniatus Turdakov [F. A.] & Piskarev [K. V.] 1955:69 [Trudy Institut zoologii i parazitologii, Kirgizskii filial Akademii nauk SSSR v. 3; ref. 12235] Chu River, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: (45). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. drusensis, Phoxinellus (Pararhodeus) Pellegrin [J.] 1933:368 [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 2) v. 5 (no. 5); ref. 19742] Al-Mazra'a, 32°46'N, 36°29'E, Syria. Lectotype: MNHN 1932-163. Paralectotypes: (46) MNHN 1932-0164 to 0167 (44), B-2978 [ex MNHN 1932-0163 to -0167] (3). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60 [ref. 19574]. Lectotype selected by Krupp & Schneider 1989:375 [ref. 13651]. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus zeregi (Heckel 1843), but a valid subspecies drusensis Pellegrin 1933 -- (Goren 1972:145 [ref. 38758], Goren 1974:77 [ref. 7502]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin 1933) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:375 [ref. 13651], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Saç et al. 2019:111 [ref. 36976], Çiçek et al. 2023:461 [ref. 40601], Saad et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus drusensis (Pellegrin 1933). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Jordan Valley basin, Golan Heights (Israel and Syria). Habitat: freshwater. dsapchynensis, Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] (ex Herzenstein) 1889:61, Pl. 2 (figs. 2-2a) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Dsapchyn [Dsabchyn] River, northwestern Mongolia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 6410. •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:91 [ref. 28183] as dsapchinensis). •Valid as Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889 -- (Kottelat 2006:43 [ref. 28831], Dyldin et al. 2020:91, 94 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Oreoleuciscus dsapchynensis Warpachowski 1889. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Mongolia. Habitat: freshwater. dubium, Exoglossum Kirtland [J. P.] 1845:49 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18412] Yellow Creek, Poland, Trumbull County, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]. Also in Kirtland 1846:272, Pl. 21 (fig. 1) [ref. 18411] •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum, subspecies anomalum (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. dufourii, Aturius Dubalen [P. E.] 1878:158 [4], Fig. [Bulletin de la Société de Borda. (ser. 2) vol. 3; ref. 1141] Adour River basin, Département Pyrenées Atlantiques, southwestern France. No types known. On p. 4 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844 -- (Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus burdigalensis Valenciennes 1844. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. dugesi, Algansea Bean [T. H.] 1892:283, Pl. 44 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 15 (no. 903); ref. 14505] City of Guanajuato and Lake Yuriria, state of Guanajuato, Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 41818 (1) Guanajuato, 43764 (1) Lake Yuriria. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]. Originally as degèsi. •Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. dulcis, Argyreus Girard [C. F.] 1856:185 [21] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Sweetwater River, tributary to Platte River, Wyoming [not Nebraska], U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 1783 (1); MCZ 1781 (1); MNHN 0000-0446 (1), USNM 52 (orig. 7, now 1, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as #2665), 20225 (orig. 5, now 4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:73-74 [ref. 23395]. On p. 21 of separate. •Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842) -- (Lee et al. 1980:353 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:73 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940]). •See McAllister 1990:64-65 [ref. 14674], McPhail 2007:126 [ref. 31199]. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys cataractae (Valenciennes 1842). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. and Canada [subspecies dulcis]. Habitat: freshwater. duriensis, Chondrostoma polylepis Coelho [M. M.] 1985:33, Fig. 1 C [Arquivos do Museu Bocage, Série A v. 3 (no. 2); ref. 8973] Tambre and Douro River basins, Portugal. Syntypes: (33). •Synonym of Chondrostoma polylepis Steindachner 1865 -- (Kottelat 1997:55 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Chondrostoma duriense Coelho 1985 -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Gante et al. 2007:26 [ref. 29300], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176] as duriensis, Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725]). •Valid as Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho 1985) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:371 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:233 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Pseudochondrostoma duriense (Coelho 1985). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Iberian Peninsula (Spain, Portugal). Habitat: freshwater. dvinensis, Leuciscus Platera [A. de Broel] 1861:64 [Description of the west Düna river and its fishes; ref. 18557] As "Leuciscus hybridus Dvinensis"; proposed for a hybrid, not available; from Düna River, Latvia -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. dybowskii, Phoxinus Lorec [Z.] & Wolski [T.] 1910:115, Fig. [Sprawozdanie ze stanu i dzialalno sci Pracowni Antropologicznej Towarzystwa Naukowego Warszawskiego = Comptes-rendus du Laboratoire Anthropologique de la Socété des Sciences de Varsovie. Warszawa. v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 14590] Buchnik and Piaseczno, small lakes in Warsaw District, Poland. Syntypes: ?IZPAN. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:579 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. dzungaricus, Leuciscus Paepke [H.-J.] & Koch [F.] in Koch & Paepke 1998:162, Figs. 6-9 [Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin v. 74 (no. 2); ref. 23652] Bulgan-Gol, southwestern Mongolia. Holotype: ZMB 32870. Paratypes: ZMB 24069 (35), 32871 (5). For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:38-39 [ref. 28831]. •Valid as Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998 -- (Kottelat 2006:38 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:39 [ref. 28933], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:205 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus dzungaricus Paepke & Koch 1998. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Mongolia and China. Habitat: freshwater. economoui, Alburnoides Barbieri [R.], Vukić [J.], Šanda [R.] & Zogaris [S.] in Barbieri, Vukić, Šanda, Kapakos & Zogaris 2017:1077, Figs. 1-3 [Biologia (Bratislava) v. 72 (no. 9); ref. 35663] Spercheios River, Loutra Ypatis, Greece, 38°54'14"N, 22°17'30"E. Holotype: NMP P6V142388. Paratypes: HCMR, NMP. •Valid as Alburnoides economoui Barbieri, Vukić, Šanda & Zogaris 2017.-- (Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides economoui Barbieri, Vukić, Šanda & Zogaris 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Spercheios River drainage, Greece. Habitat: freshwater. edwardraneyi, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] & Clemmer [G. H.] 1968:19, Figs. 1, 4, 7 [Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany v. 15 (no. 1); ref. 12395] Alabama River at Yellow Jacket Bar, 1.2 miles down-river from Holy Ferry crossing, Wilcox County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 49485. Paratypes: ANSP 109424 (100), CUMV 52941 (100), FMNH 74294 (100), INHS 76394 (20), KU 12674 (100), MCZ 45878 (100), NLU 7822 (100), CAS-SU 66551 (100), TU 44028 (7324), UAIC 2791 (100), UMMZ 187475 (100, 3 c&s), USNM 202435 (100); 11773 more paratypes at TU (59 lots). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:118-121 [ref. 20861], Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:60 [ref. 12367], Bart & Taylor 1993:39-42 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:262 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis edwardraneyi Suttkus & Clemmer 1968 -- (Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:261 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:139 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:55 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:255 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:202 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:240 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:265 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:74 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis edwardraneyi Suttkus & Clemmer 1968. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Alabama and Mississippi, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. effusus, Nocomis Lachner [E. A.] & Jenkins [R. E.] 1967:560, Figs. 2-4, 5-6 (upper) [Copeia 1967 (no. 3); ref. 7136] Whippoorwill Creek at Lickskillet, near rte 1041 bridge, Cumberland River drainage, Logan County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 231703. Paratypes: INHS 26969 (3), many lots at CUMV, CAS [ex IU], MCZ, TU, UMMZ, USNM. Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:117 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:33-34 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:262 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Nocomis effusus Lachner & Jenkins 1967 -- (Lee et al. 1980:212 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:91 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:198 [ref. 22809], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:192 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Nocomis effusus Lachner & Jenkins 1967. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Kentucky and Tennessee, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. egregia, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1858:291 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] Humboldt River [from USNM records], near Imlay, Pershing County, northern Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 226 (plus pair of pharyngeal bones as #2780). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858) -- (Lee et al. 1980:359 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:71 [ref. 18983], Gold 1994:815 [ref. 22426], La Rivers 1994:399 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:504 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:150 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:134 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:164 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A.: Nevada and California; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. egridiri, Phoxinellus Karaman [M. S.] 1972:127 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 69; ref. 2561] Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H4633. Paratypes: ZMH H4634 (2); plus additional material. Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus egridiri (Karaman 1972) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:278 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:157 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:177 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:305 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:44 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:243 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802] but should be in a new genus, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Egirdira nigra (Kosswig & Geldiay 1952) -- (Freyhof 2022:589 [ref. 39058], Çiçek et al. 2023:398 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Synonym of Egirdira nigra (Kosswig & Geldiay 1952). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. eichwaldii, Alburnus De Filippi [F.] 1863:392 [18] [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 2; ref. 18082] Kura River near Tiflis [T'bilisi], Georgia, Eurasia. Syntypes: MZUT 677 (4), NMW 55516 (2). Type catalog: Tortonese 1940:140 [ref. 21559]. See also Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]. Also in De Filippi 1865:359 [ref. 13943]. On p. 18 of separatre. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:759 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Alburnus eichwaldii De Filippi 1863 -- (Bianco & Bănărescu 1982:79 [ref. 8508]). •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:29 [ref. 29533], Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:68 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:141 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Coad & Bogutskaya 2012:48 [ref. 32156], Turan et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32523], Turan et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33119], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:151 [ref. 33904], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:861 [ref. 34062], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:295 [ref. 34153], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Turan et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34162], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:176 [ref. 34375], Turan et al. 2017:566 [ref. 35182], Esmaeili et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36089], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:113 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:332 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:384 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides eichwaldii (De Filippi 1863). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura-Aras River drainage, Caspian Sea basin (Georgia, Iran and Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. eigenmanni, Evarra Woolman [A. J.] 1894:64, Pl. 2 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 14 (art. 8) (for 1894); ref. 4804] Mexico City, Mexico. Lectotype: USNM 45571. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1894.1.27.70 (1), CAS-SU 790 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established in Jordan & Evermann 1896:305 [ref. 2443] and established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 51, p. 3242 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Valid as Evarra eigenmanni Woolman 1894 [now presumed to be extinct] -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:14 [ref. 22290] as now extinct, Gilbert 1998:74 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:17 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:120 [ref. 28615], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Evarra eigenmanni Woolman 1894. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Mexico [extinct]. Habitat: freshwater. elata, Acanthobrama marmid morpha Berg [L. S.] 1949:839 [Trudy Instituta Zoologii/ Akademiia Nauk SSSR v. 8 (no. 4); ref. 12936] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Lake Baliki [Balykly] near Erzurum. •In the synonymy of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843 -- (Goren et al. 1973:296 [ref. 1853], Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Acanthobrama marmid Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. elata, Alburnus alburnus charusini natio Petrov [V. V.] 1926:153 [23] [Izvestiya Bakinskoi ikhtiologicheskoi laboratorii Baku v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 19611] Not available, infrasubspecific; from w. Caspian Sea. Infrasubspecific. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. elata, Alburnus lucidus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:429 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Regarded by Kottelat as infrasubspecific and not available. •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. elata, Leuciscus rutilus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:498 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Treated by Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] as infrasubspecific and not available; from Rhine R. near Bâle, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. elata, Squalius leuciscus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:603 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Infrasubspecific, not available; from Rhine River, Basel, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. elatus, Squalius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, punt. 157, Pl. 116 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Lombardia, Italy. Holotype: Possibly 1 out of ANSP 6467-68 (2) or 6469 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621]. Available from the figure, holotype is the figured specimen. •Synonym of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:143 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:76 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. elegans, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:369 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 166] Zuni River, New Mexico, U.S.A. [actual: Little Colorado River, below Grand Falls, Coconino County, Arizona, U.S.A.]. Holotype (unique): USNM 20079 [orig. USNM 251] plus 1 pharyngeal arch. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:74-75 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853, but a valid subspecies -- (La Rivers 1994:391 [ref. 23389]). •Valid as Gila elegans Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Lee et al. 1980:167 [ref. 22416], Kaeding et al. 1986:1021 [ref. 6781], Page & Burr 1991:74 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:15 [ref. 22290], Swift et al. 1993:115 [ref. 22379], Baxter & Stone 1995:115 [ref. 23374], Sigler & Sigler 1996:84 [ref. 25943], Tyus 1998:190 [ref. 24138], Gilbert 1998:74-75 [ref. 23395], Minckley & DeMarais 2000:251 [ref. 24298], Moyle 2002:132 [ref. 26449], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:122 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:126 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:168 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Copus et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Valid as Gila elegans Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Western U.S.A. and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. elizavetae, Pseudophoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.], Küçük [F.] & Atalay [M. A.] 2006:336, Figs. 1, 4a [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 29055] Kayseri Province, Sultansazligi (Sultan Swamps, 38.2°-36.6°N, 35.2°-35.5°E), Turkey. Holotype: SCFK-SDU 174. Paratypes: SCFK-SDU 174a (4); ZMH 8001 (1). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32816], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:403 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus elizavetae Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sultan Sazlığı, (Sultan Swamps) Kayseri Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. elmaliensis, Scardinius erythrophthalmus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1997:180 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 94; ref. 23566] Elmali, in Vilayet Antalya, southern Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 8863. Paratypes: ZMH 1158 (2). •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758), but presumed valid as a subspecies as described. •Valid as Scardinius elmaliensis Bogutskaya 1997 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987], Çiçek et al. 2018:14 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:408 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius elmaliensis Bogutskaya 1997. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Karagöl tributary (Mediterranean tributary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. elongata, Alburnus lucidus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:429 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Regarded by Kottelat as infrasubspecific and not available. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. elongata, Leuciscus rutilus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:499 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Syntypes: (several) ?MHNG. Treated by Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] as infrasubspecific and not available; from Lake Lucerne, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. elongata, Squalius leuciscus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:603 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Rhine River, Basel, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. elongatus, Abramis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Agassiz) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:75 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Danube River, Europe. No types known. Appeared first as name only in Agassiz 1835:39 [ref. 22]. •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:243 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies carinata (Pallas 1814) -- (Uiblein & Winkler 1994 [ref. 21823]). •Valid as Vimba elongata (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Kottelat 1997:85 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:73 [ref. 23589], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:291 [ref. 29996] with remarks) Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Widespread in Europe. Habitat: freshwater. elongatus, Alburnoides Lesueur [C. A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:494 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. elongatus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:494 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Wabash River, [probably New Harmony, Posey County, Indiana] U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]. Secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Luxilus elongatus Kirtland 1840, replaced by Leuciscus productus Storer 1846. •Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804), subspecies meleagris Agassiz 1854 -- (Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys atratulus (Hermann 1804). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. elongatus, Luxilus Kirtland [J. P.] 1840:339, Pl. 4 (fig. 1) [Boston Journal of Natural History v. 3 (nos 3-4) (art. 10, 17); ref. 18404] Tributaries of Mahoning River, Trumbull County, Ohio; Lake Erie near Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as Luxulus elongatus in Kirtland 1838:169, 193 [ref. 18399] without distinguishing features, genus spelling later corrected as above with accompanying description and illustration; available as above. •Valid as Clinostomus elongatus (Kirtland 1840) -- (Lee et al. 1980:148 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:160 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:58 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:78 [ref. 18983], Stauffer et al. 1995:64 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:399 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:57 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:22 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:174 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Weyand & Piller 2020:[2] 564 [ref. 40515]). Current status: Valid as Clinostomus elongatus (Kirtland 1840). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern North America. Habitat: freshwater. emiliae, Opsopoeodus Hay [O. P.] 1881:507 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 179); ref. 2053] Artesia; Macon; and Enterprise, Mississippi, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 620 (1, lost); UF 113784 [ex Bulter Univ. 110] (1), 115522 [ex Butler Univ. 111] (1); USNM 27429 (several, now 0). Plus additional material. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395]. Type locality not restricted -- can only be restricted by lectotype designation or changed by neotype designation, contrary to Gilbert 1978. •Valid as Notropis emiliae (Hay 1881) -- (Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:262 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:317 [ref. 11406], Robison & Buchanan 1988:209 [ref. 23393], McAllister 1990:62 [ref. 14674], Cross & Collins 1995:89 [ref. 23394], Scott & Crossman 1998:453 [ref. 24570]). •Valid as Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay 1881 -- (Page & Johnston 1990 [ref. 16703], Page & Burr 1991:129 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:57 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:237 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:291 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:75 [ref. 23395], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Ross et al. 2001:228 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:170 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:259 [ref. 27995], Page & Burr 2011:249 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:114 [ref. 35886] with 2 subspecies). •Valid as Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay 1881, subspecies emiliae -- (Bailey et al. 2004:101 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:33 [ref. 28940], Blanton et al. 2011:82 [ref. 31244]). Current status: Valid as Opsopoeodus emiliae Hay 1881. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Central and southern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. emineae, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Ekmekçi [F. G.] & Doğan [E.] 2014:103, Fig. 2 [Zootaxa 3754 (no. 2); ref. 33119] Mardin Province, Beyazsu Stream, Euphrates River drainage, Turkey, 37°10'30"N, 41°16'13"E. Holotype: FFR 01026. Paratypes: FFR 01073 (20), Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:414 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides emineae Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Turan et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34162], Turan et al. 2017:566 [ref. 35182], Çiçek et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36267], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:384 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides emineae Turan, Kaya, Ekmekçi & Doğan 2014. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates River [Firat Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary), Mardin Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. emoryi, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:388 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Near mouth of Gila River, Arizona, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 247. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:75-76 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853, subspecies elegans Baird & Girard 1853 -- (La Rivers 1994:391 [ref. 23389]). •Synonym of Gila elegans Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Gilbert 1998:75-76 [ref. 23395], Minckley & Marsh 2009:130 [ref. 31114]). Current status: Synonym of Gila elegans Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. engraulinus, Photogenis leucops var. Cope [E. D.] 1868:164 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Tributary of Kanawha River, Austinville, Wythe County, Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 3033 (poor condition, head missing). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621] as engraulinis, Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis photogenis (Cope 1865) -- (Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis photogenis (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. eolus, Cyprinus DeKay [J. E.] (ex Cozzens) 1842:192 [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] Not available, manuscript name mentioned in passing under Abramis versicolor. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. eos, Chrosomus Cope [E. D.] 1861:523 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 13; ref. 18026] Meshoppen Creek, Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 22116. Paralectotypes: ANSP 22117-18 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:75 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1909:520 [ref. 14376]. •Valid as Phoxinus eos (Cope 1861) -- (Lee et al. 1980:336 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:199 [ref. 22186], Howes 1985:71 [ref. 5274], McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:85 [ref. 18983], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fuller et al. 1999:129 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807] dating to 1862, Bailey et al. 2004:103 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:101 [ref. 31199]). •Valid as Chrosomus eos Cope 1861 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:386 [ref. 24570], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:183 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus eos Cope 1861. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater. epiroticus, Paraphoxinus Steindachner [F.] 1895:182 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 18) (for 11 July 1895); ref. 14587] "See von Janina und Fluss Luros der in den Golf von Arta mündet, in Albanien." Syntypes: (several) MSNG 9054 (2); ?NMW 12982-90 (9), 51125-43 (?. 16, 12, 9, 16, 6, ?, 6, 4, 9, 3, 9, ?, 5, 5, 14, 12, 8, 7), 51146-55 (?, 8, ?, 5, 12, 1, 12, 10, 25, 5). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:187 [ref. 10343]. •Valid as Phoxinellus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895) -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895) -- (Kottelat & Barbieri 2004:154 [ref. 27797], Perdikaris et al. 2005:371 [ref. 28522], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Pelasgus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:104 [ref. 29197] dated 1896, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:215 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:57 [ref. 35029] dated 1896, Rodríguez et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38588], Tsaparis et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38151]). Current status: Valid as Pelasgus epiroticus (Steindachner 1895). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Pamvotis Lake, Janina Lake, tributaries and effluent river systems, Epirus (Albania and Greece). Habitat: freshwater. episcopa, Dionda Girard [C. F.] 1856:177 [13] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Headwaters of Pecos River, New Mexico; or Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 35930 [ex USNM 45] (1), UMMZ 56291 [ex USNM 45] (1), USNM 45 (15, plus 1 pair of pharyngeal arches as #2658). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]. On p. 13 of separate. •Valid as Dionda episcopa Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:154 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:95 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:117 [ref. 28615], Schönhuth et al. 2008:738 [ref. 29831], Page & Burr 2011:199 [ref. 31215], Schönhuth et al. 2011:428 [ref. 36200], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Dionda episcopa Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas and New Mexico (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. eremica, Gila DeMarais [B. D.] 1991:179, Figs. 1-2 [Copeia 1991 (no. 1); ref. 19508] Río Matape, San Jose de Pimas, Sonora, Mexico, elevation 350 meters. Holotype: UMMZ 216819. Paratypes: ANSP 165627 (10); ASU 9036 (108), 9924 (146); UANL 9282 (25); UMMZ 161468 (9), 161587 (1), 216820 (50). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Contreras-Balderas et al. 1998:3 [ref. 23752]. •Valid as Gila eremica DeMarais 1991 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:15 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:122 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:130 [ref. 31114], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Gila eremica DeMarais 1991. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Southern North America: widespread in Sonora (Pacific slope of northwestern Mexico). Habitat: freshwater. erimyzonops, Dionda Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1974:4, Figs. 1-2 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 671; ref. 7506] Canal from Río Tamesi, near Ciudad Mante, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Holotype: UMMZ 193805. Paratypes: FMNH 16548-50 (3); Inst. Bio. Chaputtepe, Mex. [ex UMMZ 97467] (3); UMMZ 97467 (49), 97468 (45, 1 skel.), 97469 (14), 124359 (1), 129680 (1), 182557 (1), 186495 (7), 189277 (4), 192500 (33, 6 c&s), 192884 (11). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:32 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Dionda erimyzonops Hubbs & Miller 1974 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:76 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:117 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Tampichthys erimyzonops (Hubbs & Miller 1974) -- (Schönhuth et al. 2008:745 [ref. 29831], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Tampichthys erimyzonops (Hubbs & Miller 1974). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Río Tamesi and Río Tuxpan, Río Panuco basin (Gulf of Mexico watersheds of Mexico) endemic Habitat: freshwater. eristigma, Hybopsis insignis Hubbs [C. L.] & Crowe [W. R.] 1956:8 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 578; ref. 12200] Western Prong, Little Pegion River, at highway 71 crossing, Sevier County, Tennessee, U.S.A., elevation 1100 feet. Holotype: UMMZ 129320. Paratypes: UMMZ 177282 (2). Additional material: UMMZ (14 lots). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:76-77 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybopsis insignis Hubbs & Crowe 1956, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:188 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:76-77 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Erimystax insignis (Hubbs & Crowe 1956), but a valid subspecies eeristigma (Hubbs & Crowe 1956) as described -- (Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:215 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Synonym of Erimystax insignis (Hubbs & Crowe 1956). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Tennessee, U.S.A. [subspecies eristigma]. Habitat: freshwater. erythrogaster, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:237 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Kentucky River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. Described as belonging to subgenus Chrosomus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:47 [ref. 3592]. •Valid as Phoxinus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Lee et al. 1980:337 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:245 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:84 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:245 [ref. 22809], Stauffer et al. 1995:148 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:103 [ref. 23394], Mettee et al. 1996:299 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Fuller et al. 1999:484 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:31 [ref. 26594], Skelton 2001:123 [ref. 25125], Ross et al. 2001:232 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:104 [ref. 27882], Miller & Robison 2004:174 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:264 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:393 [ref. 24570], Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381], Page & Burr 2011:182 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Chrosomus erythrogaster (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. erythrophthalmoides, Bliccopsis Jäckel [A. J.] 1864:49 [Abhandlungen des Zoologisch-Mineralogischen Vereines Regensburg v. 9 (1864); ref. 2338] Not available, proposed for a hybrid; from Altmühl and Wieseth, Germany. •Hybrid between Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) and Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:596 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. erythrophthalmus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Northern Europe. No types known. Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:31 [ref. 20705]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:26 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. Spelled erythrophtalmus by Bonnaterre 1788:199 [ref. 4940]. Spelled erythrohpthalmus by Linnaeus 1766:530 [ref. 2786]. •Valid as Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:593 [ref. 20661], Lee et al. 1980:360 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:12 [ref. 22348], Smith 1986:124 [ref. 22186], Lelek 1987:236 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:148 [ref. 37731], Paulin et al. 1989:81 [ref. 24556], Page & Burr 1991:65 [ref. 18983], Stauffer et al. 1995:165 [ref. 23376], Cross & Collins 1995:112 [ref. 23394], Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:71 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Scott & Crossman 1998:ix [ref. 24570], Briolay et al. 1998:101 [ref. 25586], Fricke 1999:26 [ref. 24101], Fuller et al. 1999:151 [ref. 25838], Azeroual et al. 2000:20 [ref. 25366], Lyons et al. 2000:65 [ref. 26594], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bianco et al. 2001:115 [ref. 26729], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Ketmaier et al. 2003:13 [ref. 26727], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:88 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:171 [ref. 28369], Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332] as cf. erythrophthalmus, Hanel & Lusk 2005:204 [ref. 28804], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:47 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:252 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Page & Burr 2011:156 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708], Bianco 2013:2 [ref. 32897], Parin et al. 2014:94 [ref. 33547], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], McDowall & Stewart 2015:318 [ref. 34241], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Karataş et al. 2016:129 [ref. 34987], Esmaeili et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36089], Fricke et al. 2018:59 [ref. 35805], Ćaleta et al. 2019:165 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:31 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:146 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40326], Çiçek et al. 2023:408 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[35] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe. Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. erythrophthalmus, Rutilus Zerunian [S.] 1982:346 [Fourth Congress of European Ichthyologists; ref. 22384] We regard as unavailable, published in abstracts of a meeting that were primarily intended for the meeting attendees and not for the permanent scientific record. •In the synonymy of Rutilus aula (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Bianco 1988:150 [ref. 22383]). •In the synonymy of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Current status: Synonym of Leucos aula (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. erythrops, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:317 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Siberia and Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:71 [ref. 23589]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. erythropterus, Abramis Valenciennes [A.] (ex Agassiz) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:58 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] No locality. Holotype (?): MNHN B-1079. Based on a drawing sent by Agassiz; see Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952] for remarks on possible type. Appeared first as name only in Agassiz 1835:39 [ref. 22]. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. erytraea, Leuciscus rutilus var. Antipa [G.] 1909:181, Fig. 71 [Publicatiuniule fondului Vasilie Adamachi, Academia Româna [Fauna ichtiologica a romaniei, de dr. Gr. Antipa]. v. 3 (no. 16); ref. 15922] Original not seen. Regarded by Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] as infrasubspecific and not available. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. erytrostomus, Aspius Kessler [K. F.] 1877:143 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Aral Sea and lower part of Amu Darya River, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (many) none found at ZIN. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:168 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. escherichii, Alburnus Steindachner [F.] 1897:692 [8], Pl. 4 (fig. 3) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 64; ref. 14691] Tabakane-Su and Tschibuk-Tschai, Turkey. Syntypes: (several) NMW 55517-18 (3, 8), 55520-21 (3, 3). •Valid as Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Fricke et al. 2007:30 [ref. 29533], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:310 [ref. 29389], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ et al. 2018:34 [ref. 35953], Gülle et al. 2017:864 [ref. 37085], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:129 [ref. 38005], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Çiçek & Sungur 2020:117 [ref. 38064], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[11] [ref. 37627], Çiçek et al. 2023:390 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya and Kιzιlιrmak basins (Black Sea tributaries), Anatolia; Eskişehir Province (Turkey); introduced in Manavgat River and Beysehir Lake basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. esfahani, Petroleuciscus Coad [B. W.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2010:38, Figs. 1, 2, 3a [Zootaxa No. 2534; ref. 30930] Esfahan, stream at Dizaj in the southern Zayandeh River drainasge, 31°55'N, 51°30'E, central Iran. Holotype: CMNFI 1979-0249. Paratypes: CMNFI 1979-0251 (1). •Valid as Petroleuciscus esfahani Coad & Bogutskaya 2010 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:876 [ref. 34062], Teimori et al. 2015:90 [ref. 34095], Esmaeili et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35254]). •Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865 -- (Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:498 [ref. 35603], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus doriae De Filippi 1865. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. esmaeilii, Chondrostoma Eagderi [S.], Jouladeh-Roudbar [A.], Birecikligil [S. S.], Çiçek [E.] & Coad [B. W.] 2017:126, Figs. 1, 2, 3B, 4 [Vertebrate Zoology v. 67 (no. 2); ref. 35624] Sarab-e Ravansar stream, Ravansar, Kermanshah Province, Iran, 34°42'38"N, 46°39'14"E. Holotype: IMNRF-UT 1045-1. Paratypes: IMNRF-UT. •Valid as Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad 2017 -- (Esmaeili et al. 2018:24 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:136 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma esmaeilii Eagderi, Jouladeh-Roudbar, Birecikligil, Çiçek & Coad 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Sarab-e Ravansar stream, Tigris River system (Iran). Habitat: freshwater. esocinus, Aspius Kessler [K. F.] 1874:28, Pl. 5 (fig. 18) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Syr-darya and Amu-darya rivers, Turkestan. Syntypes: BMNH 1897.7.5.31-32 [ex MLSU] (2); none found at ZIN. •Valid as Aspiolucius esocinus (Kessler 1874) -- (Berg 1949:600 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:157 [ref. 37731], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Aspiolucius esocinus (Kessler 1874). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia: Turkmenistan and Afghanistan. Habitat: freshwater. estanicus, Alburnus alburnus charusini natio Petrov [V. V.] 1926:152, Fig. 1 [Izvestiya Bakinskoi ikhtiologicheskoi laboratorii Baku v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 19611] Still researching, reference correct? Apparently not available. Infrasubspecific. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. estor, Gila Jordan [D. S.] & Brayton [A. W.] in Jordan 1878:300 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States (second edition); ref. 2376] Elk River at Estill Springs; Stone River at Murfreesboro, Tennessee, U.S.A. [Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers] Syntypes: ?BMNH 1880.1.21.71 [from Jordan] (1); CAS-SU 2681 (4); USNM 31147 (4), 101149 (2), 101176 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:174 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern-central U.S.A.: Kentucky, Tennessee and Alabama [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. etnieri, Macrhybopsis Gilbert [C. R.] & Mayden [R. L.] in Gilbert, Mayden & Powers 2017:514, Fig. 1C [Zootaxa 4247 (no. 5); ref. 35222] Etowah River, just off county road 76, 8.7 air km SE of center of Dawson County, Georgia. Holotype: UF 90100. Paratypes: ANSP, INHS, KU, MCZ, TU, UAIC, UF, UMMZ, USNM, UT. •Valid as Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden 2017 -- (Echelle et al. 2018:544 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis etnieri Gilbert & Mayden 2017. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Alabama, northwestern Georgia and southeastern Tennessee (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. euchila, Gila bicolor Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1972:103 [Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History v. 17 (no. 8); ref. 2260] Fish Creek Springs, Fish Creek Valley, southwestern corner of Eureka County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 124938. Paratypes: UMMZ 124939 (516). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:41 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies euchila]. Habitat: freshwater. euryopa, Hudsonius Bean [T. H.] 1880:285 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 2 (no. 89); ref. 16040] McBean Creek, near McBean, Savanna River basin, at Burke and Richmond County line, Georga, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 23513. Paralectotypes: USNM 343576 [ex USNM 23513] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption for Notropis hudsonius saludanus in Pl. 48, p. 3241 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]; same specimen designated lectotype in Gilbert 1978:42 [ref. 7042]. •Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) -- (Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. eurysoma, Gila bicolor Williams [J. E.] & Bond [C. E.] 1981:223, Fig. 1 [Southwestern Naturalist v. 26 (no. 3); ref. 8992] Fish Creek, about 0.8 kilometers upstream of Andy's Place, Washoe County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: TU 116230. Paratypes: OS 6363 (15), 6365 (4), 6445 (15), 6865 (11), 6867 (28); TU 116231 (11). Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:32 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1998:77 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:41 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Oregon and Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies eurysoma]. Habitat: freshwater. eurystomus, Photogenis Jordan [D. S.] 1877:356 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] Nancys Creek, tributary of Chattahoochee River, Atlanta, Fulton County Georgia, U.S.A. Lectotype: MCZ 24388. Paralectotypes: apparently lost. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:42-43 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:77-78 [ref. 23395], Gilbert 2009:161 [ref. 30728]. Lectotype dsignated by Gibbs 1957:190 [ref. 21244]. •Synonym of Notropis venustus (Girard 1856), subspecies cercostigma (Cope 1868) -- (Gibbs 1957:189 [ref. 21244], Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella venusta Girard 1856 -- (Mayden 1989:78 [ref. 12555]). •Valid as Cyprinella eurystoma (Jordan 1877) -- (Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella eurystoma (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. euryzonus, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] 1955:85, Figs. 1-2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 3 (no. 5); ref. 12528] Uchee Creek, tributary of Chattahoochee River, 0.7 miles east of Marvyn, Lee County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 28346. Paratypes: CUMV 13983 (5), 14316 (43), 15990 (36), 16194 (2); TU 10700 (8), 10718 (60); UMMZ 123951 (1), 128744-45 (6, 1, combined). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:121 [ref. 20861], Gilbert 1978:41 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:42 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis euryzonus Suttkus 1955 -- (Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:263 [ref. 22416], Suttkus & Mettee 2001:28 [ref. 25253]). •Valid as Pteronotropis euryzonus (Suttkus 1955) -- (Page & Burr 1991:119 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:307 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395], Simons et al. 2000:1068 [ref. 25101], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:273 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:232 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Mayden & Allen 2015:[3] [ref. 34137], Mayden & Allen 2015:19 [ref. 35436]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis euryzonus (Suttkus 1955). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Georgia and Alabama, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. evansi, Hybognathus Girard [C. F.] 1856:182 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Missouri River, at Fort Pierre, Stanley County, South Dakota, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 88 (orig. 3, now 0, 2 pharyngeal arches as #2689). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybognathus placitus Girard 1856 -- (Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395], Scheuer et al. 2003:7 [ref. 26691]). Current status: Synonym of Hybognathus placitus Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. evermanni, Leuciscus Juday [C.] 1905:226, Fig. [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 24 (for 1904); ref. 15366] Boulder Creek, Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 51841. Paratypes: Mus. Univ. Colorado No. 1 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]. •A hybrid between Nocomis biguttatus (?) x Semotilus atromaculatus -- (Gilbert 1998:78 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. evermanni, Rhinichthys Snyder [J. O.] 1908:178, Fig. 4 [Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries v. 27 (Doc. 638) (for 1907); ref. 10252] South Umpqua River, Roseburg, Douglas County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 61572. Paratypes: CAS-SU 9864 (4); USNM 61573 (2), 126494 [ex USBF 1623] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:38 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Rhinichthys evermanni Snyder 1908 -- (Lee et al. 1980:354 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:102 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:208 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys evermanni Snyder 1908. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Oregon, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. evliyae, Pseudophoxinus Freyhof [J.] & Özuluğ [M.] 2010:310, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30686] Small canal south of Kirkpinar, north of Kizilcadağ, 37°08.356'N, 29°55.083'E, Antalya Province, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 37960-315. Paratypes: FSJF 2459 (20), IUSHM 37960-310 (20). Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:46 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük et al. 2013:39 [ref. 32816], Ekmekçi et al. 2015:127 [ref. 34001], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus evliyae Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Yazir Gölü tributary, Antalya and Burdur provinces (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. exilicauda, Lavinia Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] in Girard 1854:137 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] Sacramento River, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 16712 [ex USNM 207] (1), USNM 207 (2, plus 1 pharyngeal arch as #2765). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395]. Author is S. F. Baird and Girard. •Valid as Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854 -- (Lee et al. 1980:199 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:67 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:85 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:136 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:158 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. ezoe, Tribolodon hakuensis Okada [Y.] & Ikeda [H.] 1937:161, 170 [Dobutsugaku Zasshi = Zoological Magazine Tokyo v. 49 (no. 5); ref. 15295] Hokkaido, Japan. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type information: Hayashi 1995:6 [ref. 22717]. •Valid as Leuciscus ezoe (Okada & Ikeda 1937) -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:267 [ref. 25598]). •Valid as Tribolodon ezoe Okada & Ikeda 1937 -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:139 [ref. 26000], Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Nakabo 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577], Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610]). •Synonym of Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1880), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Okada 1961:482 [ref. 6363] with species as hakuensis). •Synonym of Tribolodon sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889) -- (Parin et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33547], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:667 [ref. 34853] with question). •Synonym of Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius sachalinensis (Nikolskii 1889). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. fabraei, Alburnus Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:370, Fig. 81 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Rhone River, vicinity of Avignon, France. Syntypes: ?MNHN. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. fahirae, Phoxinellus Ladiges [W.] 1960:141, Fig. 14 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 58; ref. 9361] Kirkpunar, near Tefenni, southwestern Burdur Province, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1104. Paratypes: ZMH H1105 (3). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Valid as Telestes fahirae (Ladiges 1960) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus fahirae (Ladiges 1960) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:265 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:177 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:304 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:45 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Chondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges 1960) -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:315 [ref. 30686], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Küçük et al. 2021:246 [ref. 38611]). •Valid as Turcichondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges 1960) -- (Turan et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38620], Çiçek et al. 2023:415 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Turcichondrostoma fahirae (Ladiges 1960). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: springs near Karamusa and Karamali, Burdur Gölü tributary, Kirkpinar, Burdur Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. fahrettini, Pseudophoxinus Freyhof [J.] & Özuluğ [M.] 2010:326, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 20 (no. 4) [Dec. 2009]; ref. 30688] Stream at Bağilli, 37°45.82'N, 31°02.01'E, upper Köprü River drainage, Isparta Province, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 37970-324. Paratypes: FSIJ 2462 (29), IUSHM 37970-514 (28). Plus non-type specimens. Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:46 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802] as fahretinne on p. 4, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:404 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus fahrettini Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Upper Köprüçay basin (Mediterranean tributaries), Isparta Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. falcata, Agosia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1893:153 [American Naturalist v. 27 (no. 314); ref. 12375] Boise River, near Caldwell, Canyon County, Idaho, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 125122 [ex USBF 138]. Paralectotypes: (many) BMNH 1893.2.7.595-602 (8); CAS 58625 [ex IU 4694] (25); UMMZ 61707 [ex IU 4694] (4); USNM 343584 [ex USNM 125122] (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 53, p. 3242 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]. •Valid as Rhinichthys falcatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893) -- (Lee et al. 1980:355 [ref. 22416], Peden & Hughes 1988:1846 [ref. 12855], McAllister 1990:65 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:101 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:498 [ref. 24570], Wydoski & Whitney 2003:136 [ref. 27816], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], McPhail 2007:133 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:206 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). •Status in question -- (Oakey et al. 2004:211 [ref. 27694], Scharpf 2005:38 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys falcatus (Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Northwestern U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater. fangfangae, Alburnoides Bogutskaya [N. G.], Zupančič [P.] & Naseka [A. M.] 2010:450, Figs. 1c, 2-3 [Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences v. 314 (no. 4); ref. 31109] Vodica River at Selenica, tributary of Osum [Osumi] River, ca 40°20'N, 20°41'E, Vodica, Albania. Holotype: NMW 95276. Paratypes: NMW 95277 (4), ZIN 54981 (10). Plus 2 c&s specimens and additional non-type specimens. •Valid as Alburnoides fangfangae Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010. •Synonym of Alburnoides prespensis and A. devolli group -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:176 [ref. 34375]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides fangfangae Bogutskaya, Zupančič & Naseka 2010. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Osum [Osumi] River, upper Seman River drainage, Albania. Habitat: freshwater. farenus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:326 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Lake Mälar, Sweden. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Abramis ballerus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:54 [ref. 23589], Fricke 1999:21 [ref. 24101]). •Synonym of Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Ballerus ballerus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. farnumi, Leuciscus Fowler [H. W.] 1899:179 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 51; ref. 17572] Tore River, tributary of Sungari River, China. Holotype: ANSP 16380. Paratypes or non-types: ANSP 16381-82 (2, dry). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Berg 1949:568 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:33 [ref. 13497], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:65 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. fasciatus, Aspius Nordmann [A. von] 1840:497, Pl. 23 (fig. 2) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Rivières de la côte orientale du Pont-Euxin et habités par les Tcherkesses, Chapsoughes Abases, and Mingréliens [Rivers of west Transcaucasia]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-3897 (4, poor condition), NMW 10407-19 (13). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:79 [ref. 19574]. •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:758 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:147 [ref. 22962], Michajlova 1989:25 [ref. 20062], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251]). •Synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:163 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Alburnoides fasciatus (Nordmann 1840) -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:72 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:139 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109], Turan et al. 2013:99 [ref. 32523], Turan et al. 2013:101 [ref. 33119], Çiçek et al. 2015:145 [ref. 35151], Turan et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34162], Turan et al. 2017:567 [ref. 35182], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Turan et al. 2019:207 [ref. 37022], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kaya 2020:421 [ref. 37444], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:385 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides fasciatus (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: western Transcaucasia (Russia, Georgia) and rivers of the southern Black Sea basin from Aksu (Giresun, Turkey) westward to Dagomys (Krasnodar, Russia). Habitat: freshwater. fasciatus, Pimephales Girard [C. F.] 1856:180 [16] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Yellowstone River and Milk River, Montana, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 151 (1) Yellowstone R., 932 (orig. 2, now 0) Milk R. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395]. On p. 16 of separate. •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Current status: Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. fasciolaris, Notropis umbratilis Gilbert [C. H.] 1891:148 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 9 (art. 10) (for 1889); ref. 12400] Spring and Pin-hook creeks, Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 42504. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 937 (9); USNM 36185 (7), 36831 (2), 43485 (11), 43529 (5), 125178 [ex USBF 127] (3), 203331 [ex 42504] (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Snelson in Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042]. •Synonym of Notropis ardens (Cope 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:228 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Notropis ardens (Cope 1868), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Snelson 1990:966 [ref. 21030]). •Valid as Lythrurus fasciolaris (Gilbert 1891) -- (Dimmick et al. 1996:818 [ref. 22600], Gilbert 1998:79 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:168 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:201 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:226 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus fasciolaris (Gilbert 1891). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. fayollarum, Phoxinus Denys [G. P. J.], Dettaï [A.], Persat [H.], Daszkiewicz [P.], Hautecoeur [M.] & Keith [P.] 2020:223, Fig. 9 [Cybium v. 44 (no. 3); ref. 37846] Boron Stream, Pionsat, France, 46°06.4'N, 02°41.1'E, elevation 522 meters. Holotype: MNHN 2019-0263. Paratypes: MNHN. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Phoxinus fayollarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020 -- (Palandačić et al. 2022:[4] [ref. 39189]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus fayollarum Denys, Dettaï, Persat, Daszkiewicz, Hautecoeur & Keith 2020. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Western Europe: Loire River basin and Sèvre Niortaise catchment (France); introduced in Garonne and Rhône River basins. Habitat: freshwater. fellowesii, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1868:224, Fig. [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Xanthos, Turkey. Syntypes: BMNH 1845.7.9.58-59 (2). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868) -- (Turan et al. 2009:61 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:134 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius fellowesii (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Eşen Çayı (Mediterranean tribitary), Antalya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. ferganensis, Abramis sapa bergi natio Maksunov [V. A.] 1961:84 [Trudy, Institut Zoologii i Parazitologii imeni Akademia Nauk E. Pavlovskogo, Tadzikskoj SSR v. 23; ref. 22965] No types known. Not available, infrasubspecific; from Farkhad reservoir, Uzbekistan. Described as Abramis sapa bergi ferganensis natio N. Infrasubspecific. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. fibulatus, Spinicephalus Lesueur [C. A.] in Vaillant 1896:29 [15], Pl. 26 (unedited) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (8th Série) v. 8 (no. 1); ref. 13482] No locality. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]. On p. 15 of separate. •Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. filippii, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1877:153 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Upper Kura River near Tbilisi, Georgia, Eurasia. Lectotype: ZIN 2926. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1897.7.5.33 [ex ZIN] (1); ZIN 2914 (2), 2925 (13), 50412 [ex ZIN 2926] (16). Lectotype designation "in press" at this time, not designated here. •Valid as Alburnus filippii Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:753 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867], Fricke et al. 2007:30 [ref. 29533], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:311 [ref. 29389], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251] as filippi, Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:63 [ref. 30710], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:41 [ref. 33691], Elp et al. 2015:182 [ref. 33762], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:499 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36089], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:390 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus filippii Kessler 1877. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura-Aras River drainage, Caspian Sea Basin (Georgia, Turkey and Iran). Habitat: freshwater. firati, Pseudophoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.], Küçük [F.] & Atalay [M. A.] 2006:340, Figs. 3, 4c [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 29055] Euphrates River drainage, Tohma Çayi at Yazyurdu (38.80°N, 36.93°E), Turkey. Holotype: SCFK-SDU 187. Paratypes: SCFK-SDU 176 (15), 187a (4). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006 -- (Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük & Güçlü 2014:58 [ref. 33321], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36267], Saç et al. 2019:[2] [ref. 36557], Saç et al. 2019:110 [ref. 36976], Bayçelebi 2020:756 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:404 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus firati Bogutskaya, Küçük & Atalay 2006. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Euphrates River [Firat Nehri] drainage (Persian Gulf tributary) (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. fischeri, Cyprinus Valenciennes [A.] (ex Arendt) in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:379 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Not available, name only; from Beresoska, affluent of R. Ingoul in the prov. of Cherson, Russia. •In the synonymy of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) -- (Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. fischeri, Leucaspius Sabanyeev [L. P.] 1872:276 [Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou v. 44 (nos 3-4); ref. 18647] Not available, no distinguishing features; from s. Ural mountains, Russa. •In the synonymy of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831] with author as Sabanyeev). •In the synonymy of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. flammeus, Phoxinus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] in Jordan 1878:303 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States (second edition); ref. 2376] Elk River, Estill Springs, Tennessee, U.S.A. No types known. •Valid as Hemitremia flammea (Jordan & Gilbert 1878) -- (Lee et al. 1980:173 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:86 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:168 [ref. 22809], Mettee et al. 1996:187 [ref. 25836], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395] as Hemitrema, Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:181 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:19 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:186 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hemitremia flammea (Jordan & Gilbert 1878). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A:Tennessee, Georgia and Alabama. Habitat: freshwater. flavipinnis, Hybognathus Cope [E. D.] 1880:36 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 17; ref. 14285] Johnson's Fork of the Llano River, Kimble County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]. Also appeared as Cope in Jordan & Gilbert 1883:156 [ref. 2476]. Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395] serves as first reviser selection Hybognathus flavipinnis Cope 1880 over Hybognathus nigrotaenia Cope 1880. •Synonym of Dionda nigrotaeniata (Cope 1880) -- (Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Dionda flavipinnis (Cope 1880) -- (Schönhuth et al. 2011:428 [ref. 36200]). Current status: Valid as Dionda flavipinnis (Cope 1880). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. fluviatilis, Algoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:181 [17] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Holotype (unique): USNM 148 (lost) (1 pharyngeal arch as #2726). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]. On p. 17 of separate. •Probably a synonym of Hybognathus amarus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Hybognathus amarus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. fluviatilis, Hudsonius Girard [C. F.] 1856:210 [46] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Chicago Harbor, Lake Michigan, Illinois; Root River at Racine, Wisconsin, U.S.A. Syntypes: UMMZ 56280 [ex USNM 13] (1); USNM 13 (orig. 5, now 0, 1 set pharyngeal arches as #2634), 14 (2, plus 1 set pharyngeal arches as #2635). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]. On p. 46 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) -- (Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:80 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. fluviatilis, Leuciscus rutilus var. Yakovlev [V. E.] 1873:334, Fig. 3 [Priroda (Moscow) v. 1, book 2, pt 2; ref. 19640] Volga River Delta, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:497 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:9 [ref. 37731], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. fluviatilis, Oreoleuciscus potanini infra. Gundriser [A. N.] 1962:252, Fig. 3 [Ucenye Zapiski, Tomskij Ordena Trudovogo Krasnogo Znameni Gosudarstvennyj Universitet Imeni V. V. Kujbyseva. [Ученые Записки, Томский Государственный Университет имени В. В. Куйьышева ] No. 44; ref. 27463] Described as an infraspecies; not available, infrasubspecific; from Uvs-Nuur Depression, Mongolia. •Questionably In the synonymy of Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski 1889 -- (Kottelat 2006:43 [ref. 28831]) Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski 1889. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. fontinalis, Phoxinellus adspersus Karaman [M. S.] 1972:134, Fig. 5 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 69; ref. 2561] Hrnjakova, Pecina cave, Krbavsko polje, Lika, Croatia. Syntypes: (6) whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Phoxinellus fontinalis Karaman 1972 -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002:420 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:374 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Telestes fontinalis (Karaman 1972) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:283 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:52 [ref. 29926], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54, 70 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:169 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Telestes fontinalis (Karaman 1972). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Krbavsko karstic field (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater. forbesi, Cyprinella Jordan [D. S.] 1878:57 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 10444] Illinois River, Union County, southern Illinois, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 29869. Paralectotypes: (many) INHS 86401 (6), 86451 (21); CAS-SU 1290 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Sabaj et al. 1997:262-263 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:80-81 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype designation by Jordan & Evermann 1896:272 [ref. 2443] but mistakenly reported as USNM 29867; if that is not accepted then lectotype established by Sabaj et al. 1997:262 [ref. 23225]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Matthews 1987:616 [ref. 6774], Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. forlonensis, Nototropis Meek [S. E.] 1904:70, Fig. 20 [Field Columbian Museum, Zoölogical Series v. 5; ref. 2958] Río Forlón, tributary of River Pánuco, Forlón, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Holotype: FMNH 4478. Paratypes: CAS 33825 [ex IU 10914] (4); FMNH 4479 (25), 4495 (3); CAS-SU 22341 (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:60 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]. Misspelled forionensis in Zoological Record. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555], Miller 2006:112 [ref. 28615]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. formosa, Algansea Girard [C. F.] 1856:183 [19] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Mercede [Merced] River, California, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 196 (plus 2 pharyngeal arches as #2754). Paralectotypes: ANSP 4914 (1); MCZ 1962 [ex USNM 196] (1); MNHN 0000-0386 (now missing); UMMZ 56256 [ex USNM 197] (1); USNM 344864 [ex USNM 196] (1), 197 (orig. 8, now 4, plus 4 pharyngeal arches as #2755). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]. On p. 19 of separate. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), subspecies bicolor -- (Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. formosa, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Río Mimbres, Chihuahua, Mexico [= Mimbres River, north of Deming, Luna County, New Mexico, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: ANSP 3056 [ex USNM 114] (1); MCZ 1686 [ex USNM 114] (2); MNHN 0000-0438 [ex USNM 114] (2); USNM 113 (orig. 4, now 0), 114 (orig. 20, now 0, 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2700). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:81 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. •Valid as Cyprinella formosa (Girard 1856) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Miller 2006:110 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:118, 177 [ref. 31114], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:240 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella formosa (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: southwestern U.S.A. (New Mexico and Arizona) and Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. formosulum, Campostoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:176 [12] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio Sabinal, a tributary of Rio San Antonio, near San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5998 (1), MCZ 35932 [ex USNM 76] (1), UMMZ 56279 (1), USNM 76 (now 15, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as # 2681). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:81-82 [ref. 23395]. On p. 12 of separate. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. formosus, Alburnus Putnam [F. W.] 1863:9 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 1 (art. 1); ref. 3567] Mobile, 30°42;N, 88°05'W, Mobile County, Alabama, U.S.A. Lectotype: UMMZ 162442 [ex UMMZ 87183]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 1845 (24); SMNS 1167 (3); ?UMMZ 86863 (1), UMMZ 87183 (6), ZMB 5646 (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042], Fricke 1995:10 [ref. 28100], Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395], Fricke 2005:30 [ref. 29864]. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Leuciscus by Moniana formosa Girard 1856, replaced by Leuciscus hypselopterus Günther 1868. Lectotype selected by Bailey & Suttkus 1952:15 [ref. 12765]. •Synonym of Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395], Boschung & Mayden 2004:274 [ref. 27995]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. fracchia, Alburnus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:12 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Listed as name in synonymy, not available. First made available as Alburnus fracchia Heckel & Kner 1858. Also appeared in Ninni 1863:23, 76 [ref. 18477] with author as Heckel. •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. fracchia, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:138, Fig. 72 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Treviso, Italy. Holotype (unique): NMW 55409 or 55522. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies alborella De Filippi 1844 -- (Bianco 1980:36 [ref. 20633]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. fraterculus, Mylocheilus Girard [C. F.] 1856:169 [5] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Monterey, California [in error], Columbia River basin, western U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 211 (3, plus one pair pharyngeal arches as #2768). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395] with remarks on locality. On p. 5 of separate. •Synonym of Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836) -- (Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. fretensis, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:382 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] Near Detroit, Wayne County, Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 2840. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395]; see also Fowler 1918:22 [ref. 11665]. •Synonym of Notropis spilopterus (Cope 1867) -- (Gibbs 1957:192 [ref. 12065], Gilbert 1978:44 [ref. 7042], Scott & Crossman 1998:468 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867) -- (Mayden 1989:66 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. freyhofi, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Bayçelebi [E.], Bektaş [Y.] & Ekmekçi [F. G.] 2017:569, Figs. 2e, 4 [Zootaxa 4242 (no. 3); ref. 35182] Stream Delice southeast of Yerköy, Yozgat Province, southern Black Sea basin, Turkey, 39°37'19"N, 34°29'23"E. Holotype: FFR 01065. Paratypes: FFR. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:414 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides freyhofi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36267], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Turan et al. 2019:207 [ref. 37022], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kaya 2020:420 [ref. 37444], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[11] [ref. 37627], Çiçek et al. 2023:385 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides freyhofi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Kızılırmak River drainage, southern Black Sea basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. frici, Rutilus rutilus Misik [V.] 1957:11, Fig. 1 [Zborník slovenského národného mûzea. Prírodné vedy = Acta rerum naturalium musei nationalis slovaci Braatislava. v. 3 (no. 4); ref. 20742] Inundation near Celákovice, Elbe River basin, central Bohemia, Czech Republic. Syntypes: (80) SNMB Ry 363. Type catalog: Blahák 1991:203-204 [ref. 20023]. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but possible valid subspecies -- (Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. frigida, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:200 [36] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Salado Creek, tributary to Rio San Antonio, just east of San Antonio, Bexar County, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 123. Paralectotypes: ANSP 5062-63 [ex USNM 123] (2); UMMZ 56287 [ex USNM 123] (1); USNM 97 (orig. 2, now 0), 98 (9), 99 (1, not found), 100 (orig. 3, now 0, 4 pharyngeal archs as #2696), 101 (orig. 10, now 0, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as #2697), 124 (orig. 60, now 47, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as #2707), 343586 [ex USNM 123] (orig. 100, now 92), 343588-89 [ex USNM 124] (1, 4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:44-45 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:76 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:82-83 [ref. 23395]. On p. 36 of separate. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:82 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853), subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:82-83 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. frigidus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:234 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Probably Germany. Based on one specimens and Cyprinus idus Bloch. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. frisii, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:487 [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Market in Odessa, Danube, Bug, Dniester, and Dnieper rivers. Syntypes: ?NMW 50456 (2). Incorrectly spelled frizii by Slastenenko 1955-56:131 [ref. 6450]. •Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Berg 1949:532 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:72 [ref. 37731], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566], Kottelat 1997:77 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:87 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:240 [ref. 29996], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Parin et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33547] as subspecies, Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:30 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Dyldin et al. 2020:81, 105 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:143 [ref. 37983], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:408 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black, Azov and Caspian Sea basins. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. frivaldszkyi, Abramis Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1032 [42] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Bursa [Brussa], Anatolia, Turkey. No types known. On p. 42 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies tenella (Nordmann 1840) -- (Berg 1949:795 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. frizii, Rutilus Slastenenko [E. P.] 1955-56:131 [Et ve Balık Umum Müdürlüğü, Istanbul; ref. 6450] Not available; an incorrect subsequent spelling of Leuciscus frisii Nordmann 1840; name was listed as "Rutilus frizii (Nordmann)." Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. frontalis, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1850:368, Pl. 3 (fig. 4) [Lake Superior; ref. 66] Montreal River (tributary on eastern shore of Lake Superior), north of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. Lectotype: MCZ 1751. Paralectotypes: BMNH 1867.4.12.3 (1), NMW 50807 (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. Gilbert's 1964:142 use of holotype establishes a lectotype when more syntypes were found. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:180 [ref. 22186], Scott & Crossman 1998:451 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. fucini, Rutilus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1838:fasc. 22, punt. 104, Pl. 113 (fig. 1) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4894] Lake Fucino, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6448-54 (7). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. fulgida, Meda Girard [C. F.] 1856:192 [28] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio San Pedro, tributary of Gila River, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5360-61 [ex USNM 154] (2), MCZ 1959 [ex USNM 154] (2), MNHN 0000-0407 [ex USNM 154] (2), USNM 154 (19, plus 1 pair of pharyngeal arches as #2730). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. On p. 28 of separate. •Valid as Meda fulgida Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:206 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:82 [ref. 18983], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:94 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:130 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:154 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:180 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Meda fulgida Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Distribution: Arizona and New Mexico (U.S.A.) and northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. fulvus, Cyprinus Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:183 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] Market in Dijon, France. Holotype: whereabouts unknown. •Questionably a synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. fumeus, Notropis Evermann [B. W.] 1892:81 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 11(art. 2) (for 1891); ref. 12391] Hunter Creek, about 9 miles west of Houston, Harris County, Texas, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 45558. Paralectotypes: (4) USNM 125072 [ex USNM 45558] (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established in Evermann & Kendall 1894:Pl. 18 [ref. 12392]. •Valid as Notropis fumeus Evermann 1892 -- (Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:265 [ref. 22416], Robison 1985:130 [ref. 17269], Robison & Buchanan 1988:210 [ref. 23393], Fuller et al. 1999:484 [ref. 25838]). •Valid as Lythrurus fumeus (Evermann 1892) -- (Page & Burr 1991:115 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:52 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:188 [ref. 22809], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Mettee et al. 1996:213 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:170 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:120 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:203 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:23 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:227 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Lythrurus fumeus (Evermann 1892). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern and south-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. funduloides, Clinostomus Girard [C. F.] 1856:212 [48] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Creeks and inlets of Potomac River, vicinity of Washington, D.C., U.S.A. Syntypes: (10 or more) USNM 6 (orig. 10+, now 0, 1 set pharyngeal arches as #2627). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. On p. 48 of separate. •Valid as Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856 -- (Lachner & Deubler 1960:358 [ref. 21967], Lee et al. 1980:149 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:78 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:45 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:142 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:290 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:66 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:151 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:57 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:131 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:156 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:12 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:173 [ref. 31215] with subspecies, Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Weyand & Piller 2020:[2] 564 [ref. 40515]). Current status: Valid as Clinostomus funduloides Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. fuscus, Cyprinus Vallot [J.-N.] 1837:146 [Ichthyologie française, ou histoire naturelle des poissons d'eau douce de la France.; ref. 17873] Market, ?Dijon, France. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. gabrielino, Rhinichthys Moyle [P. B.], Buckmaster [N.] & Su [Y.-X.] 2023:509, Figs. 4A, 5 [Zootaxa 5249 (no. 5); ref. 40044] East Fork San Gabriel River, south of Upper Monroe Road, Angeles National Forest, Los Angeles County, California, 34°14'15.85"N, 117°49'14.58"W. Holotype: WFB 3498. Paratypes: WFB 3499-3500 (2), 3501-3507 (7). •Valid as Rhinichthys gabrielino Moyle, Buckmaster & Su 2023. Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys gabrielino Moyle, Buckmaster & Su 2023. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Los Angeles, San Gabriel and Santa Ana River drainages, California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. gaderanus, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1899:388, Pl. 24 (fig. B) [The Journal of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology v. 27 (no. 177); ref. 14704] Gader Chai, near Ocksa, northwestern Iran; near mouth of Nazlu Chai at Superghan, Iran. Syntypes: (3 + 3) BMNH 1899.9.30.113-115 (3) Ocksa, 1899.9.30.108-112 (?2 of 5 are types). •Questionably valid -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Tentatively a synonym of Petroleuciscus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:45 [ref. 30930]). •Synonym of Petroleuciscus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:370 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:878 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2018:34 [ref. 36089]). •Synonym of Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:131 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus ulanus (Günther 1899). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. galacturus, Hypsilepis Cope [E. D.] 1868:160 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Tributary of the Holston River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 14981. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3381-3444 (65), MCZ 32255 (1), MNHN 0000-4853 (1). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:65 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:279 [ref. 2443]; also designated by Gibbs 1961:339 [ref. 21240]; see also Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis galacturus (Cope 1868) -- (Gibbs 1961:338 [ref. 21240], Gilbert 1978:43 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:266 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:211 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Cyprinella galactura (Cope 1868) -- (Mayden 1989:80 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:124 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:47 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:150 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:356 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:70 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:163 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:83 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:62 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:166 [ref. 27995], Boschung & Mayden 2004:166 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:242 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella galactura (Cope 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. galian, Cyprinus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1421 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] "Circa Catharinopolin Sibiriae." •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831] as cf. phoxinus). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. galtiae, Squalius Cope [E. D.] 1883:148 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 35; ref. 951] Pyramid Lake, Washoe County, Nevada, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 19884. Paralectotypes: ANSP 19879-81 (3), 19883 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:83-84 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858) -- (La Rivers 1994:399 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius egregius (Girard 1858). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gardoneus, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:316 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-1687. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:77 [ref. 19574], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. garmani, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] 1885:813 [25] [United States Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Report of the Commissioner v. 13 (1885); ref. 2385] Lago del Muerto, near Parras, 25°25'N, 102°11'W, Coahuila, Mexico. Syntypes: MCZ 25891 (2), 24892 (orig. 26, now 20); SMNS 3034 (2); UMMZ 86663 [ex MCZ 24892] (6); USNM 120257 [ex MCZ 14892] (6). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:45 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395], Fricke 1995:11 [ref. 28100], Fricke 2005:31 [ref. 29864]. On p. 25 of separate. Replacement name for Cyprinella rubripinna Garman 1881, secondarily preoccupied by Argyreus rubripinnis Heckel 1843, only when classified in genus Notropis. •Valid as Notropis garmani Jordan 1885 -- (Chernoff & Miller 1986:182 [ref. 6782]). •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]). •Valid as Cyprinella garmani (Jordan 1885) -- (Mayden 1989:53 [ref. 12555], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:11 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:111 [ref. 28615], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). •Synonym of Cyprinella rubripinna Garman 1881 – (Fricke 2005: 32 [ref. 29864]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella rubripinna Garman 1881. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Coahuila (Mexico) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater. garzonorum, Achondrostoma Doadrio [I.], Casal-López [M.] & Perea [S.] 2023:7, Figs. 7, 8B [Graellsia v. 79 (no. 1): e191; ref. 40184] Alagón River, Tajo Drainage, El Tornadizo, Los Pasiles, Salamanca, Spain, 40°32'34.3"N, 5°51'23.1"W, elevation 887 meters. Holotype: MNCN_ICTIO 293737. Paratypes: MNCN_ICTIO. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Achondrostoma garzonorum Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023. Current status: Valid as Achondrostoma garzonorum Doadrio, Casal-López & Perea 2023. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwest Europe: Alagón and Cuerpo de Hombre River drainages, Tajo basin, and Corneja River drainage, Duero basin, Spain. Habitat: freshwater. gdaniensis, Phoxinus percnurus Berg [L. S.] 1932:359 (768) [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Swampy Lake Jasien, near Gdansk, Poland. Neotype: CUP 32106. Also appeared without distinguishing features in Berg 1933:140 [ref. 21141]. Neotype designated by Kottelat 1997:59 [ref. 22952] after rejecting earlier neotype designation of same specimen. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:578 [ref. 20661], Lelek 1987:220 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. gehini, Abramis Blanchard [C. E.] 1866:355, Fig. 74 [Les poissons des eaux douces de la France; ref. 310] Moselle River at Metz, France. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3927 (poor condition). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:77 [ref. 19574]. Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952] suspects syntypes originally and regards Bertin & Estève's treatment of a holotype as establishing a lectotype. •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:43 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. gelidus, Gobio Girard [C. F.] 1856:188 [24] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Milk River, an affluent of upper Missouri River, Montana, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 80 (2, lost). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]. On p. 24 of separate. •Valid as Hybopsis gelida (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:185 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:185 [ref. 23393]). •Valid as Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard 1856) -- (Page & Burr 1991:104 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:194 [ref. 22809], Baxter & Stone 1995:82 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:75 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:210 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Echelle et al. 2018:544 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis gelida (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. genei, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1839:fasc. 24, punt. 125, Pl. 114 (fig. 2) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4895] Piedmont Lakes, Italy. Syntypes: ANSP 6110-15 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621]. Puntata written as 126 on first page, corrected to 125 in index. •Valid as Chondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Elvira 1987:119 [ref. 6743], Lelek 1987:183 [ref. 22962], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036], Bianco 1988:154 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Ketmaier 2001:194 [ref. 26728], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176]). •Valid as Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:371 [ref. 28878] dated 1939, Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:231 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:36 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: Adriatic basin (Italy and Slovenia). Habitat: freshwater. geoktshaicus, Rutilus rutilus caspicus natio Barach [G. P.] 1941:142 [Fishes of freshwaters. (Fauna of Georgia. vol. 1).; ref. 21753] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Kura R. basin. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:527 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:82 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. germanus, Notropis Hay [O. P.] 1887:252 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 10 (no. 624); ref. 14473] Smoky Hill River, Wallace, Wallace County, Kansas, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 37949. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]. •A hybrid between Hybognathus hankinsoni x Notropis heterolepis -- (Gilbert 1978:21 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:84 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. ghetaldii, Paraphoxinus Steindachner [F.] 1882:16, Pl. 5 (fig. 2) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 45 (1. Abth.); ref. 18784] Cave in the plain of Popovo, Herzegovina [Bosnia]. Syntypes: NMW 51158 (2), 51161-62 (2, 2), 51164-65 (2, 1), 51159 (2). Also appeared in Steindachner 1882:72 [14] [ref. 4233] as Phoxinus ghetaldii and perhaps earliest in the abstract to ref. 18784 which is Steindachner 1882:43 [ref. 20486] as Paraphoxinus ghetaldii. •Valid as Paraphoxinus ghetaldii Steindachner 1882 -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079]). •Valid as Phoxinellus ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Kottelat 1997:73 [ref. 22952], Zupancic & Bogutskaya 2002:415 [ref. 26818], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:374 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:422 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:192 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:30 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:61 [ref. 34877], Mustafić et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35274], Ćaleta et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Delminichthys ghetaldii (Steindachner 1882). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. ghigii, Leucaspius Gianferrari [L.] 1927:123 [Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali di Milano v. 66; ref. 15787] Mulini River, Coschino, Rhodes Island, Greece. Holotype: MSNM 28 [ex MSNM 4385]. Paratypes: AMNH 9670 (1); BMNH 1927.10.21.2 (1), 1929.8.8.1 (1); IRSNB 29 (1); MSNG 27525 (1); NMBA 4165 (1); NMW 18423 (1). Type catalog: Tortonese 1961:187 [ref. 10343], Conci & Michelangeli 1974:225 [ref. 21560], Walschaerts 1987:13 [ref. 20755], Kottelat & Sutter 1988:53 [ref. 13796]. Also described as new in Gianferrari 1929:39, Fig. 1 [ref. 20205]. •See Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975] as ghiggi. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus ghigii (Gianferrari 1927) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Squalius ghigii (Gianferrrari 1927) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2016:117 [ref. 35152]). •Valid as Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari 1927) -- (Economidis 1995:205 [ref. 23025], Bogutskaya 1996:39 [ref. 22945], Bianco et al. 1996:51 [ref. 26724], Kottelat 1997:63 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:171 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:40 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:202 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:54 [ref. 35029], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151]). Current status: Valid as Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari 1927). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Anatolia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. gibbosa, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1854:28 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 168] Rio Santa Cruz, tributary of Gila River, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: [all originally USNM 223] ANSP 4198 (1); MCZ 1806 (orig. 2, now 1), 1984 (1), 153935 (pharyngeal arch); MNHN 0000-0391 (1); UMMZ 87006 [ex MCZ 1806] (1); USNM 223 (15, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as #2776), 344867 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:84-85 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila intermedia (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:84-85 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Copus et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gibbosa, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio Grande (or tributary) at Brownsville, Cameron County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 105 [= USNM 31159] (orig. 3, now 1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Notropis by Leuciscus gibbosus Storer 1848. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gibbosus, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:324 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Sura and Volga rivers, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:763 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:13 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:867 [ref. 34062], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. gibbosus, Leuciscus Storer [D. H.] 1845:48 [Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History v. 2 (1845-1848); ref. 18835] Tuscaloosa, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. •Status uncertain, possibly Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies isolepis Hubbs & Brown 1927 -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042]). •Probably senior synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820, subspecies isolepis (Hubbs & Brown 1929) -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gibbosus, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] San Francisco, California, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 14733 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. Appeared above on 30 May 1854. Also appeared as Lavinia gibbosa in Ayres 1854:14 [ref. 157] in Dec. 1854. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus gibbosus Storer 1848. •Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Gila crassicauda (Baird & Girard 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gibbsi, Notropis Howell [W. M.] & Williams [J. D.] 1971:55, Figs. 1-3 [Copeia 1971 (no. 1); ref. 18313] Enitachope Creek, tributary to Hillabee Creek, 3.2 miles south-southwest of Ashland, Clay County, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 204933. Paratypes: CUMV 64311 (45), TU 61102 (28), UIAC 3020 (30), UF 15933 (28), 66881 [ex FSU 16881] (28), UMMZ 189199 (45), USNM 204934 (40). Non-types: UMMZ (2 lots), USNM (1 lot), ALA (35 lots). Type catalog: Gilbert 1974:112 [ref. 21035], Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:42 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis gibbsi Howell & Williams 1971 -- (Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:267 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella gibbsi (Howell & Williams 1971) -- (Mayden 1989:87 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:126 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:46 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:165 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:167 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:243 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella gibbsi (Howell & Williams 1971). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Alabama and Georgia (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. gibbus, Hypsilepis cornutus Cope [E. D.] 1868:158 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 19; ref. 7316] Monroe County, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: (7, not found). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been Hypsolepis. •Synonym of Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1964:158 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042] or based on a hybrid). •Possible hybrid between L. c. chrysocephalus and Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gieben, Cyprinus Wulff [J. C.] 1765:50 [Ichthyologia, cum amphibiis regni Borussici. Methodo Linnaena disposita.; ref. 17844] Rivers of Borussia [Prussia], Germany. No types known. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. gilberti, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Meek [S. E.] 1885:4 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 8 (no. 470); ref. 10637] Village Creek (tributary to Des Moines River), southwest of Ottumwa, Wapello County, Iowa, U.S.A. Lectotype: UMMZ 61487. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4137-43 (7), 4176 (1); CAS 13518 [ex IU 4612] (14), 15685 [ex CAS 13518] (1); CAS-SU 1456 (6), 67206 [ex CAS-SU 1456] (3); UMMZ 61998 (2), 231998 [ex UMMZ 61487] (1), 61998 (2); USNM 35840 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:85-86 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:85 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:194 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:85-86 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gilli, Leuciscus Evermann [B. W.] 1892:44, Pl. 20 (fig. 2) [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 11 (art. 1) (for 1891); ref. 12384] Browns Gulch Creek at Silver Bow, near Butte, Silver Bow County, Montana, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 43953. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 1214 (2), ?6906 (5); USNM 343577 [ex USNM 43953] (orig. 14, now 8, plus 2 pharyngeal arches). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 42, p. 3240 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446] under Leuciscus balteatus. Böhlke's 1953:33 [ref. 12291] use of holotype and paratypes does not constitute lectotype designation. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. girardi, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Ortenburger [A. I.] 1929:32 [University of Oklahoma Bulletin, New Series, no. 434, Publications of the University Oklahoma Biological Survey v. 1 (no. 2) (for Apr. 1929); ref. 10902] Cimarron River, 3 miles northwest of Kenton, Cimarron County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 80439. Paratypes: BMNH 1933.1.24.1-2 [ex UMMZ 80440] (2); MCZ 32697 (1), 36082 [ex UMMZ 80426] (5); UMMZ 73019 (50), 73042 (4), 80416 (1), 80426 (96), 80440 (94, now 87), 80460 (16), 80464 (7), 80465 (1181, now 1180), 80475 (1), 80494 (6); UOMZ 6196 (1), 6205 (ca. 215), 6211 (ca. 90), 6217 (4), 6252 (ca. 1000); USNM 117564 [ex UMMZ 80440] (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis girardi Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929 -- (Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:268 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:212 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:140 [ref. 18983], Cross & Collins 1995:90 [ref. 23394], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:111 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:146 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:267 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis girardi Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: South-central U.S.A.: Arkansas, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. Habitat: freshwater. gmelini, Alburnoides Bogutskaya [N. G.] & Coad [B. W.] 2009:143, Fig. 8 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 30270] Sunzha River at Groznyy, tributary of Terek River, Chechnya, Russia, 48°13'N, 45°40'E, . Holotype: ZISP 14733a. Paratypes: ZISP 14733 (9), 58100 (16), 58101 (7). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Alburnoides gmelini Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109], Turan et al. 2016:80 [ref. 34162], Matveyev et al. 2017:366 [ref. 35690], Dyldin et al. 2020:109 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides gmelini Bogutskaya & Coad 2009. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: rivers of western Caspian coast (eastern Ciscaucasia). Habitat: freshwater. gobioninum, Campostoma Cope [E. D.] 1865:284 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Bruce, Macomb County and Grosse Isle, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5986 (1) Grosse Isle. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]; see also Fowler 1918:12 [ref. 11665]. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. goekhani, Alburnus Özuluğ [M.], Geiger [M. F.] & Freyhof [J.] 2018:34, Figs. 3-5 [Zootaxa 4425 (no. 1); ref. 35953] Kızılırmak River at Ortatopaç northwest of Şarkışla, Sivas Province, Turkey, 39.381N, 36.250E. Holotype: IUSHM 2017-1375. Paratypes: IUSHM. Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Alburnus goekhani Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2018 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Yogurtçuoglu et al. 2020:[11] [ref. 37627], Çiçek et al. 2023:390 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus goekhani Özuluğ, Geiger & Freyhof 2018. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak basins, southern Black Sea tributaries (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. goplensis, Rutilus rutilus var. Stangenberg [M.] 1938:51 [Travaux et comptes rendus, Institut de Recherches des Forêts Domaniales Warszawa Ser. A, 39; ref. 23015] Lake Goplo, Poland. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. goyatoka, Rhinichthys klamathensis Moyle [P. B.], Buckmaster [N.] & Su [Y.-X.] 2023:531, Fig. 4C [Zootaxa 5249 (no. 5); ref. 40044] Twelve Mile Creek, Lake County, Oregon. Holotype: WFB 122-10-44. Paratypes: WFB 122-10-42a-j (10). •Synonym of Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898), but a valid subspecies as described. Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Warner basin, Oregon and California, U.S.A. [this subspecies]. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Alburnus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:12 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Name in synonymy, not available; also in Bonaparte 1846:33 as name only. Name appears in synonymy of Alburnus fracchia in Ninni 1863:76 [ref. 18477]. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. gracilis, Cyprinus (Leuciscus) Richardson [J.] 1836:120, Pl. 78 [Fauna Boreali-Americana Part 3; ref. 3731] Saskatchewan River at Carleton House [apparently town of Carleton], Saskatchewan, Canada. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]. As Leuciscus gracilis on plate. •Valid as Cyprinus gracilis Richardson 1836 -- (Lee et al. 1980:186 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:186 [ref. 23393], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:20 [ref. 22290]). •Valid as Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659]). •Valid as Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836) -- (McAllister 1990:64 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:103 [ref. 18983], Etnier & Starnes 1993:253 [ref. 22809], Baxter & Stone 1995:104 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:110 [ref. 23394], Simons & Mayden 1997:195 [ref. 24948], Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:484 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:139 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:242 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, McPhail 2007:116 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:209 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: U.S.A. and Canada. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:369 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 166] "Zuni River, New Mexico" [possibly Little Colorado River, at Grand Falls, Coconino County, Arizona, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: MCZ 35926 [ex USNM 245] (1), USNM 245 (orig. 9, now 8, plus 1 pharyngeal arch as #2797). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853, subspecies robusta -- (Gilbert 1998:86 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Minckley & Marsh 2009:142 [ref. 31114], Copus et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Hybopsis Agassiz [L.] 1854:358 [20] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 17; ref. 69] Tennessee River at Huntsville, Madison County, Alabama, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:90-91 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:86-87 [ref. 23395]. On p. 20 of separate. •Synonym of Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:86-87 [ref. 23395], Boschung & Mayden 2004:186 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1850:370 [Lake Superior; ref. 66] Lake Huron, North America. Syntypes: MCZ 1752 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:46 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Scott & Crossman 1998:451 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Leuciscus Ayres [W. O.] 1854:1, col. 1 [Daily Placer Times and Transcript [newspaper] v. 5 (no. 1284); ref. 6368] Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, California, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. Name regarded as misspelled gracilus originally. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Leuciscus gracilis Agassiz 1850. Described by Ayres later in 1854 as Gila grandis. •Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Lythrurus diplaemius var. Forbes [S. A.] in Jordan 1878:59 [Manual of the vertebrates of the northern United States (second edition); ref. 2376] Rock River (Illinois River drainage), Ogle County, Illinois. Syntypes: apparently lost. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856), subspecies cyanocephalus Copeland 1877 -- (Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Lythrurus umbratilis (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:201 [37] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Acapulco, near Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico. Syntypes: ANSP 2992 [ex USNM 116] (1), MCZ 1796 [ex USNM 116] (1), MNHN 0000-0432 [ex USNM 116] (1), USNM 116 (orig. 7, now 4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:77 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. On p. 37 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Leuciscus gracilis Agassiz 1850 when both are in Notropis. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensus (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella rutila (Girard 1856) -- (Mayden 1989:60 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella rutila (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:68, Pl. 1 (figs. 4-4a) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Ulaangom [evidently erroneus], Mongolia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 6376. ZIN 6376 contains two specimens according to Bogutskaya 2001:26 [ref. 26833]. •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:91 [ref. 28183]). Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Ptychocheilus Agassiz [L.] & Pickering [C.] in Agassiz 1855:229 [44] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 19 (no. 56); ref. 5839] Willamette Falls, Oregon, U.S.A. Agassiz specimens (non-types): USNM 198 (3, lus 2 pharyngeal arches). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]. On p. 44 of separate. •Synonym of Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson 1836) -- (La Rivers 1994:376 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:87 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Ptychocheilus oregonensis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gracilis, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:206 [42] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] No locality [believed to be Utah Creek, vicinity of Fort Garland, Costilla County, Colorado, U.S.A.]. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0395 [ex USNM 230] (1), USNM 230 (orig. 2, now 0, 1 pharyngeal arch as #2784). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:87-88 [ref. 23395]. On p. 42 of separate. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied in Gila by Gila gracilis Baird & Girard 1853. •Synonym of Gila pandora (Cope 1872) -- (Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila pandora (Cope 1872). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. graecus, Scardinius Stephanidis [A.] 1937:266, Pl. 2 [Acta Instituti et Musei Zoologici Universitatis Atheniensis v. 1 (fasc. 9-10); ref. 15303] Lake Yliki near Thelbes, Greece. Syntypes: (several) whereabouts unknown. •Valid as Scardinius graecus Stephanidis 1937 -- (Lelek 1987:236 [ref. 22962], Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952], Bianco et al. 2001:115 [ref. 26729], Ketmaier et al. 2003:13 [ref. 26727], Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:253 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:64 [ref. 35029], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius graecus Stephanidis 1937. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater. grahamii, Gila Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] 1853:389 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 6; ref. 15636] Rio San Pedro, Gila River basin, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 4185-86 [ex USNM 252] (2); MCZ 153937 (1 pharyngeal arch); MNHN 0000-0384 [ex USNM 252] (1), USNM 252 (orig. 6, now 1, plus pharyngeal arch as #2801), 253 (1, plus pharyngeal arch as #2802). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621] as grahami, Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]. See Minckley & DeMarais 2000:254 [ref. 24298]. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853, but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:172 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (La Rivers 1994:388 [ref. 23389], Copus et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. graining, Cyprinus Walbaum [J. J.] 1792:36 [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Mersey River, near Warrington, Cheshire, Great Britain. No types known. Based on "Graining" of Pennant 1776:367 [ref. 18528], which is based on "Graining" of Pennant 1774:12 [ref. 35543]. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. grainining, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:450 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Mersey River, near Warrington, Cheshire, Great Britain. No types known. Based on "Graining" of Pennant 1776:367 [ref. 18528], which is based on "Graining" of Pennant 1774:12 [ref. 35543]. Unnecessary replacement for Cyprinus graining Walbaum 1792. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. grandipinnis, Endemichthys Hopkirk [J. D.] 1974:57, Pl. 3 [University of California Publications in Zoology v. 96 (for 1973); ref. 2199] Near or in the mouth of Middle Creek, Clear Lake, Lake County, California, U.S.A. Holotype: CAS 11026. Paratypes: CAS 11017 (4), 54301 [= 11026] (7, 1 c&s). Appeared first (and unavailable) in Hopkirk 1968:414 [ref. 2198] without distinguishing features. •Hybrid between Lavinia exilicauda chi x Orthodon microlepidotus -- (Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. grandipinnis, Photogenis Jordan [D. S.] 1877:62 [Bulletin of the United States National Museum [v. 1] No. 10; ref. 2374] Beaver Creek, tributary to Patsiliga Creek, Flint River system, Tyler County, Georgia, U.S.A. Neotype: TU 189901. Syntypes: USNM (not found); not USNM 9296. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]. Neotype designated by Suttkus & Mettee 2001:33 [ref. 25253] although probably not fully in compliance with 2000 Code. •Synonym of Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:47 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868), subspecies hypselopterus -- (Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Notropis grandipinnis (Jordan 1877) -- (Suttkus & Mettee 2001:31 [ref. 25253]). •Valid as Pteronotropis grandipinnis (Jordan 1877) -- (Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:274 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:233 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Mayden & Allen 2015:[3] [ref. 34137], Robins et al. 2018:116 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis grandipinnis (Jordan 1877). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Habitat: freshwater. grandis, Gila Ayres [W. O.] 1854:10 [The Pacific [newspaper] v. 3 and 4 (thru no. 6); ref. 157] Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, California, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as above on 15 Dec.; then in Ayres 1854:18 [ref. 18923]. •Valid as Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854) -- (Lee et al. 1980:347 [ref. 22416], Mayden et al. 1991:820, 833 [ref. 19123], Page & Burr 1991:68 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:488 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:140 [ref. 25838], Moyle 2002:155 [ref. 26449], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:37 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:161 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. grandis, Notropis Domínguez-Domínguez [O.], Pérez-Rodríguez [R.], Escalera-Vázquez [L. H.] & Doadrio [I.] 2009:168, Fig. 3B [Hidrobiológica v. 19 (no. 2); ref. 30768] La Angostura, Laguna de Zacapu [Lake Zacapu], Zacapu, Michoacan, Mexico, 10.81667°N, 101.78333°W. Holotype: CPUM 2300. Paratypes: CPUM 1623 (26), CNP-IBUNAM 14624 (5) MNCN 262768-71 (4). •Valid as Notropis grandis Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez, Escalera-Vázquez & Doadrio 2009 -- (Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis grandis Domínguez-Domínguez, Pérez-Rodríguez, Escalera-Vázquez & Doadrio 2009. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Lake Zacapu and outlet, Lerma River basin, Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. greenei, Notropis Hubbs [C. L.] & Ortenburger [A. I.] 1929:78 [University of Oklahoma Bulletin, New Series, no. 434, Publications of the University Oklahoma Biological Survey v. 1 (no. 3) (for Apr. 1929); ref. 10903] Elk River, Neosho River system, 7 miles north of Grove, Delaware County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 80978. Paratypes: FMNH 1511 (37); UMMZ 60288 (1), 80979-80 (4, 2); UOMZ 7501 (2), 7733 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:47-48 [ref. 7042], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:61 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis greenei Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929 -- (Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:269 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:213 [ref. 23393], Page & Burr 1991:135 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:148 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:261 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis greenei Hubbs & Ortenburger 1929. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: South-central U.S.A.: Missouri, Arkansas and Oklahoma. Habitat: freshwater. greeni, Couesius Jordan [D. S.] 1893:313 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 16 (no. 938); ref. 10492] Stuarts Lake near Fort St. James, (headwaters of Fraser River). British Columbia, Canada. Lectotype: USNM 44454. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 266 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291] wrongly with a holotype, Gilbert 1998:88-89 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Jordan & Evermann 1896:325 [ref. 2443]; also designated by Gilbert 1998:88 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850), but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:150 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:406 [ref. 24570], McPhail 2007:66 [ref. 31199]). Current status: Synonym of Couesius plumbeus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. grisea, Dionda Girard [C. F.] 1858:230, Pl. 52 (figs. 6-10) [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] 20 miles west of Choctaw Agency, Oklahoma, U.S.A. [= branch of Sans Bois Creek, 20 miles west of Scullyville, Haskell County]. Syntypes: MCZ 1808 [ex USNM 931] (1), USNM 931 (orig. 5, now 0). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Campostoma spadiceum (Girard 1856) -- (Cashner et al. 2010:300 [ref. 30834]). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma spadiceum (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. grislagine, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:323 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European lakes. No types known. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. gronovii, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:446 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Rhine River in Basel, Switzerland. No types known. •Questionably a synonym of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. grumi, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] (ex Herzenstein) 1907:211 [16] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Turfan Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Syntypes: ZIN 10537-38 (1, 5). Apparently appeared first as name only as Herzenstein in Grum-Grzhimailo 1899:414 of v. 2. •Valid, tentatively in genus Lagowskiella -- (Howes 1985:63 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus grumi Berg 1907 -- (Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:82 [ref. 23878], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus grumi Berg 1907. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: East Asia: Turfan Lake, Xinjiang Province, China. Habitat: freshwater. guichenoti, Phoxinellus Pellegrin [J.] 1920:372 [1] [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 26 (no. 5); ref. 15247] La Calle, Algeria. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3136. Paralectotypes: MNHN B-2815 [ex MNHN 0000-3136] (4). Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:59 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1977 [ref. 20629]. On p. 1 of separate. Lectotype selected by Almaça 1977:30 [ref. 20629]. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus callensis (Guichenot 1850) -- (Lévêque & Daget 1984:331 [ref. 6186]). •Synonym of Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850). Current status: Synonym of Tropidophoxinellus callensis (Guichenot 1850). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. gula, Gila Cope [E. D.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:661, Pl. 30 (figs. 2, 2a-b) [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Rio de Acama and near Fort Wingate, New Mexico, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 18700 (1), MCZ 35915 [ex USNM 16979] (1), USNM 16979 (orig. 6, now 4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila pandora (Cope 1872) -- (Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Gila pandora (Cope 1872). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. gulonellus, Pogonichthys (Platygobio) Cope [E. D.] 1865:277 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Tributary of North Fork of Platte River, Near Bridger's Pass, Wyoming, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2064 (1), 2068-71 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621] and Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395] as holotype (2064) and paratypes; no holotype was established originally. •Synonym of Hybopsis gracilis (Richardson 1836), but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:186 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Platygobio gracilis (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: South-central U.S.A. [subspecies gulonellus]. Habitat: freshwater. gunnisoni, Cyprinella Girard [C. F.] 1856:197 [33] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Cottonwood River, about 5 miles northwest of Durham, Marion County, Kansas. Syntypes: (12) USNM 139 (24, plus 1 set of pharyngeal arches as #2718). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042] with locality correction. On p. 33 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853), subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:89 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hadiyahensis, Acanthobrama Coad [B. W.], Alkahem [H. F.] & Behnke [R. J.] 1983:1, Fig. 1 [National Museums of Natural Sciences, Publications in Natural Sciences No. 2; ref. 8357] Wadi Hadiyah, near Hadiyah, Saudi Arabia, about 25°33'N, 38°44'E. Holotype: NMC 82-0110A. Paratypes: NMC 82-0110B (5), 82-0359 (3), 82-0363 (2). •Valid as Acanthobrama hadiyahensis Coad, Alkahem & Behnke 1983 -- (Freyhof & Özulug 2014:8 [ref. 33504], Freyhof et al. 2020:117 [ref. 37658], Esmaeili & Hamidan 2023:206 [ref. 40377]). Current status: Valid as Acanthobrama hadiyahensis Coad, Alkahem & Behnke 1983. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Khaibar and northern Hijaz (Saudi Arabia). Habitat: freshwater. haematopterus, Cyprinus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:6 [Annals of nature, annual synopsis v. 1; ref. 3591] Streams falling into the Hudson River, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:89-90 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1964:141 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:180 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus cornutus (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. haematurus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1867:382, Pl. 12 (fig. 4) [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] St. Josephs River, Michigan and Michigan City, Indiana, La Porte County, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984: 78 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]. Also cited as Leuciscus haematurus Cope in Günther 1868:259 [ref. 1990]. •Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales notatus (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hakonensis, Leuciscus Günther [A.] 1877:442 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 20 (no. 119) (art. 56); ref. 2009] Lake Hakone, Japan. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1879.5.14.639. Also described as new in Günther 1880:72, Pl. 31 (fig. B) [ref. 2011]. Günther recorded the locality as Lake Hakou, used the name hakuensis both in 1877 and 1880, this was corrected to hakonensis by Ishikawa's 1895:129 and confirmed in Opinion 63. •Valid as Tribolodon hakuensis (Günther 1877), subspecies hakuensis (Günther 1877) -- (Kuroda 1953:276 [ref. 39545], Okada 1961:468 [ref. 6363]). •Valid as Leuciscus hakonensis Günther 1877 -- (Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:259 [ref. 25598], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213]). •Valid as Tribolodon hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:56 [ref. 6441], Sato 1995:50 [ref. 25531], Kim 1997:252 [ref. 24032], Nikiforov et al. 1997:330 [ref. 24694], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:742 [ref. 24702] as hakuensis, Bogutskaya 1998:72 [ref. 23589] as hakuensis, Luo in Chen et al. 1998:73 [ref. 23878], Sokolovskaya et al. 1998:8 [ref. 24670], Sato et al. 1998:32 [ref. 24972], Nakabo 2000:265 [ref. 25086], Doi & Shinzawa 2000:241 [ref. 25251], Matsuura et al. 2000:141 [ref. 26000], Zemnukhov et al. 2001:420 [ref. 25412] as hakuensis, Pietsch et al. 2001:140 [ref. 25688] as hakuensis, Shimizu 2001:21 [ref. 25799], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Kim & Park 2002:160 [ref. 25913], Hosoya in 2002:265 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:158, 517 [ref. 26218] dated 1880, Kolpakov & Kolpakov 2002:840 [ref. 26577] as hakuensis, Sakai et al. 2002:1291 [ref. 26628], Hagiwara 2003:36 [ref. 27188], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:97 [ref. 28183] as hakonensis, Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085], Yonezawa et al. 2010:250 [ref. 30902], Parin et al. 2014:97 [ref. 33547], Sakai & Amano 2014:219 [ref. 33610], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853], Kim et al. 2020:61 [ref. 39118]). •Valid as Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877) -- (Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2021:24 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:66 [ref. 38158], Zolotava & Kartavtsev 2023:323 [369] [ref. 40485], Dyldin et al. 2023:[25] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Pseudaspius hakonensis (Günther 1877). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Northwestern Pacific watersheds, coastal rivers and lakes. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. hammondii, Semotilus Abbott [C. C.] 1860:474 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 12; ref. 15618] Kansas, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 4857-58 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]. Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621] gave as syntypes ANSP 4857-4858 (2), with remarks: Abbott said: "The museum contains a single specimen of this fish..." •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. handlirschi, Acanthorutilus Pietschmann [V.] 1933:21 [1] [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse v. 70; ref. 16453] Lake Egridir, Turkey. Syntypes: (4) MSNM 5 [ex MSNM 4662 and ex NMW] (1). Type catalog: Conci & Michelangeli 1974:223 [ref. 21560]. On p. 1 of separate (in 1933), in journal in 1934. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus handlirschi (Pietschmann 1933) -- (Bogutskaya 1992:267 [ref. 22066], Bogutskaya 1997:157 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:177 [ref. 23566], Hrbek et al. 2004:305 [ref. 27955], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055], Küçük 2007:1 [ref. 29115], Fricke et al. 2007:45 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:325 [ref. 30688] considered extinct, Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:404 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus handlirschi (Pietschmann 1933). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Eğirdir Gölü and Eğirdir Gölü tributaries, Isparta Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. hankinsoni, Hybognathus Hubbs [C. L.] in Jordan 1929:88 [Manual of the vertebrate animals of the northeastern United States inclusive of marine species. Thirteenth Edition.; ref. 6443] Dear River, Lake Superior watershed, Marquette County, Michigan, U.S.A. Lectotype: UMMZ 84266. Paralectotypes: FMNH (13, 4 localities); MCZ 32693 [ex UMMZ 85573] (1); UMMZ (many lots); USNM 35841 (2), 35866 (1), 62160 (1), 76209 (5), 89362 (1), 91979 (2), 93432 (1), 233700 (1). Type catalog: Ibarra & Stewart 1987:47 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first without distinguishing features by Hubbs in Hubbs & Green 1928 [ref. 11689], unavailable. Lectotype selected by Bailey 1954:289 [ref. 22417]. •Valid as Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs 1929 -- (Bailey 1954:289 [ref. 22417], Lee et al. 1980:175 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:162 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:59 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:109 [ref. 18983], Cook et al. 1992:36 [ref. 19894], Schmidt 1994:622 [ref. 22424], Baxter & Stone 1995:76 [ref. 23374], Cross & Collins 1995:64 [ref. 23394], Bestgen & Propst 1996:51 [ref. 22399], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Sigler & Sigler 1996:89 [ref. 25943], Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:414 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:78 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:23 [ref. 26594], Scheurer et al. 2003:7 [ref. 26691], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:76 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:219 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybognathus hankinsoni Hubbs 1929. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America. Habitat: freshwater. harengus, Lavinia Girard [C. F.] 1856:184 [20] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Monterey, California, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 210. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395]. On p. 20 of separate. •Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854, but a valid subspecies harengus Girard 1856 -- (Lee et al. 1980:199 [ref. 22416], Gilbert 1998:90 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940]). •Mention -- (Moyle 2002:136 [ref. 26449]). Current status: Synonym of Lavinia exilicauda Baird & Girard 1854. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. harfordi, Ptychochilus Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1881:72 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 193); ref. 10601] Sacramento River, California, U.S.A. (obtained in San Francisco market). Syntypes: NMW 82001 [ex USNM 27246] (1), USNM 27246 (orig. 4, now 2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:90-91 [ref. 23395]. Original genus should have been spelled Ptychocheilus. •Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Ptychocheilus grandis (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. harperi, Notropis Fowler [H. W.] 1941:231, Figs. 5-6 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 92 (for 1940); ref. 13235] Small spring near Manatee Spring, off Suwanee River, about 7 miles west of Chiefland, Levy County, Florida, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 69151. Paratypes: ANSP 69152 (1), 69153-57 (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis harperi Fowler 1941 -- (Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:270 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:150 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:55 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:257 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:111 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:241 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:282 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). •Valid as Pteronotropis harperi (Fowler 1941) -- (Mayden & Allen 2015:[6] [ref. 34137], Mayden & Allen 2015:1 [ref. 35436], Robins et al. 2018:117 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis harperi (Fowler 1941). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Georgia, Alabama and Florida. Habitat: freshwater. harryi, Hybopsis dissimilis Hubbs [C. L.] & Crowe [W. R.] 1956:6 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 578; ref. 12200] White River, 3 miles southest of Mano, Barry County, Missouri, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 167083. Paratypes: UMMZ (39, 19 lots). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybopsis dissimilis (Kirtland 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:184 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Erimystax harryi (Hubbs & Crowe 1956) -- (Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395], Simons 2004:354 [ref. 27695], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:214 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Erimystax harryi (Hubbs & Crowe 1956). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Missouri and Arkansas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. harveyensis, Pimephales promelas Hubbs [C. L.] & Lagler [K. F.] 1949:123, Pl. 2 (fig. 4) [Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science Arts and Letters v. 33; ref. 10885] Harvey Lake, Isle Royale, Lake Superior, Keweenaw County, Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 99989. Paratypes: UMMZ 99990 (79), 144475 (24). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820 -- (Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:481 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820, but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:35 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Pimephales promelas Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Michigan, U.S.A. [subspecies harveyensis]. Habitat: freshwater. hasani, Pseudophoxinus Krupp [F.] 1992:23, Figs. 3-4 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 72 (nos 1/3) [1991]; ref. 20051] Nahr Marqiya, 35°02'N, 35°54'E, Mediterranean coastal drainage, Syria. Holotype: SMF 24564. Paratypes: SMF 24565-67 (17, 33, 3). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp 1992 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Saç et al. 2019:110 [ref. 36976], Saad et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus hasani Krupp 1992. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Mediterranean coastal drainage (Syria). Habitat: freshwater. hayi, Hybognathus Jordan [D. S.] 1885:548 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 467); ref. 10466] Pearl River at Jackson, Hinds County, Mississippi, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 32306. Paralectotypes: USNM 195573 [ex USNM 32306] (9). Additional material: CAS-SU 4112 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:32 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. Böhlke 1953:32 [ref. 12291] lists specimens (SU 4112) from Grenada, Mississippi as paratypes and USNM 32306 as holotype. The syntypic series (32306) from Jackson, Mississippi were listed as "special types of the species." Lectotype selected by Fingerman & Suttkus 1961:462 [ref. 22242]. Specimens from additional localities sent to the National Museum by Hay are regarded as additional material. •Valid as Hybognathus hayi Jordan 1885 -- (Fingerman & Suttkus 1961:462 [ref. 22242], Lee et al. 1980:176 [ref. 22416], Warren Jr. & Cicerello 1982:3 [ref. 40469], Robison & Buchanan 1988:178 [ref. 23393], Warren & Burr 1989 [ref. 13845], Page & Burr 1991:109 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:171 [ref. 22809], Schmidt 1994:622 [ref. 22424], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Knight & Hastings 1994:149 [ref. 25560], Bestgen & Propst 1996:51 [ref. 22399], Mettee et al. 1996:189 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:157 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:106 [ref. 27931], Boschung & Mayden 2004:183 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:20 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:219 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:89 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Hybognathus hayi Jordan 1885. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern and central, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. hebes, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1086 [96] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Aleppo, Syria. Syntypes: NMW 55523 [? = 17558-60] (3). On p. 96 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Synonym of Chalcalburnus sellal (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:167 [ref. 23566], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:129 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. heckeli, Alburnus Battalgil [F.] 1944:128, Fig. 2 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 9 (no. 2) (for 1943); ref. 13160] Hazer gölü, near Elazig, upper Tigris River system, eastern central Turkey. Syntypes: ?ZMH H1109 (1). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:157 [ref. 22013]. Author also seen as Battalgazi. •May be a synonym of Alburnus akili Battalgil 1942 -- (Coad 1991:13 [ref. 15702], see also Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Alburnus heckeli Battalgil 1944 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:214 [ref. 29340], Fricke et al. 2007:30 [ref. 29533], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:311 [ref. 29389], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Coad 2009:69 [ref. 30710], Elp et al. 2015:182 [ref. 33762], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:581 [ref. 35814], Freyhof et al. 2018:129 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Çiçek et al. 2021:231 [ref. 38905]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Hazer Gölü, Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin (Persian Gulf tributary) (Turkey) [if valid]. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. heckelii, Abramis Selys-Longchamps [E. de] 1842:217, Pl. 8 [Faune belge. Première partie; ref. 18717] Meuse River, Belgium. Holotype: IRSNB 110. Paratypes: NMW 55253 (3). Type catalog: Walschaerts 1987:11 [ref. 20755]. •Hybrid between Abramis brama x Rutilis rutilis -- (Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. heckelii, Aspius Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] 1832:335 [Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreichs unter der Enns, Wien v. 1; ref. 5019] Apparently no distinguishing features; from Traun stream, upper Austria. •In the synonymy of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Nomen nudum in the synonymy of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:217 [ref. 29340]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. heckelii, Leuciscus Nordmann [A. von] 1840:491, Pl. 23 (fig. 1) [Voyage dans la Russie méridionale et la Crimée; ref. 3209] Crimea, Ukraine, Black Sea. No types known. Syntypes: ZIN 3008-09 (3). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:500 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Michajlova 1989:25 [ref. 20062] as heckeli). •Questionably valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589] as heckeli, Parin et al. 2014:92 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Dyldin et al. 2020:87 [ref. 37569], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983]). •Valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:241 [ref. 29996], Marić 2010:157 [ref. 31515] as heckeli, Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Dyldin et al. 2020:81 [ref. 37569]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus heckelii (Nordmann 1840). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Black Sea basins. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. heegeri, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1839:fasc. 24, punt. 125, Pl. 114 (fig. 3) [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 4895] Stream in Istria, Croatia. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. Puntata written as 126 on first page, corrected to 125 in index. Appeared as name only in Agassiz 1835:38 [ref. 22]. •Questionably a synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:84 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Uncertain as Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. heegeri, Scardinius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:10, 17 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Dalmatia, Croatia. No types known. Appeared under section a. Heegerius of genus 17. Scardinius as "88. S. Heegeri, Bp. (Heegerius typus, Bp.)..." and on p. 17 as L. Heegeri with minimal characterization. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. hegeri, Leuciscus Agassiz [L.] 1835:38 [Mémoires de la Société Neuchateloise des Sciences Naturelles v. 1; ref. 22] Appeared as name only, not available; same as Leuciscus heegeri Bonaparte 1839. Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scardinius scardafa (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. hellenicus, Rutilus alburnoides Schmidt-Ries [H.] (ex Stephanidis) 1943:332 [Zeitschrift für Fischerei und deren Hilfswissenschaften. Radebeul No. 41; ref. 23019] Thyamis River, Louros River, Acheloos River, Euinos River, Lake Trichonis, Mesoggia Stream in Corfu, Greece. Syntypes: (5) Lab. Zool. de l'Univ. de Thessalonique, Greece. Schmidt-Ries refers to Stephanidis 1939:23, Pl. 3 which is apparently an unpublished Ph.D. thesis. Not available, as it was published in synonymy of Alburnus scoranzoides Heckel & Kner 1858. •In the synonymy of Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971). Current status: Synonym of Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. hellenicus, Rutilus alburnoides Stephanidis [A.] 1971:180, Fig. 5 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Pinios River at Vartholomio, Peloponnesus, Greece. Syntypes: (5) Lab. Zool. de l'Univ. de Thessalonique, Greece. Kottelat 1997:85 [ref. 22952] dates to Stephanidis 1939:23, Pl. 3, which is apparently an unpublished thesis, Univ. of Athens. •Valid as Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Kottelat 1997:85 [ref. 22952] with genus tentative, Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:289 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:171 [ref. 30270] in "Tropidophioxinellus", Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:69 [ref. 35029]). Current status: Valid as Tropidophoxinellus hellenicus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater. hemiplus, Cyprinus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1817:121 [American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review v. 2 (no. 2); ref. 18584] Lakes George and Saratoga, New Your, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:133 [ref. 22186], La Rivers 1994:421 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. henle, Leuciscus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1841:fasc. 30, intro. 15 [Iconografia della fauna italica; ref. 512] Name only, not available; from Lake Lugano, Italy and Switzerland. Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. henlei, Leucos Bonaparte [C. L.] 1846:29 [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Sesta Riunione, Milano 7a Adunanza, Napoli, Part 2; ref. 519] Italy. No types known. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. henryi, Notropis Fowler [H. W.] 1942:8, Figs. 10-11 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 107; ref. 13199] Broad River near Bat Cave, upper Santee River system, Henderson County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 69979. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621]. •Regarded as a hybrid between Clinostomus funduloides x Nocomis leptocephalus -- (Gilbert 1978:22 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1978 [ref. 21334], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. henshavii, Rhinichthys Cope [E. D.] 1874:133 [5] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 14; ref. 932] Provo, Utah; Colorado; Chiquito, Arizona; Twin Lake, Colorado; Apache, Arizona. Syntypes: ANSP 19885-93 (9) Provo; USNM 15778 (2) Provo. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395]. On p. 5 of separate. Spelled henshawii in Zoological Record; no derivation given in the original; a Var. II and Var. III also included. •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), subspecies carringtonii (Cope 1872) -- (La Rivers 1994:428 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:91 [ref. 23395] as carringtoni). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hernadiensis, Chondrostoma nasus var. Jeitteles [L. H.] 1862:306 [62] [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 12; ref. 21181] Hernad [Hornád] River, Kaschau, Czechoslovakia. Syntypes: NMW 52475 (4). On p. 62 of separate. •Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Elvira 1987:114 [ref. 6743], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Chondrostoma nasus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. herzensteini, Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:65, Pl. 1 (figs. 1-1a) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Upper Kungiu River, Mongolia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 6412. •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589], Bogutskaya 2001:23 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:91 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:44 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. hesperidicus, Scardinius Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:398 [Atti della Sesta Riunioni delli Scienziati Italiani, Milano (for 1844); ref. 22968] Lakes of Piedmonte, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on Bonaparte 1840, fasc. 28, Pl. 115 (fig. 2). and 1840, fisc. 30, Pl. 116 (fig. 2). Also in Bonaparte 1845:20 [ref. 13472]. •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies hesperidicus Bonaparte 1845 -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079] but dated Heckel 1858). •Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Kottelat 2005:234 [ref. 29332]). •Valid as Scardinius hesperidicus Bonaparte 1845 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:253 [ref. 29996], Kottelat & Freyhof 2009:79 [ref. 30320], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:5 [ref. 31648], Bianco 2013:8 [ref. 32897], Karataş et al. 2016:130 [ref. 34987], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius hesperidicus Bonaparte 1845. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southern Europe: southern Switzerland, Italy, Slovenia. Habitat: freshwater. hesperidus, Scardinius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1037 [47] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] On p. 47 of separate [ref. 2067]. Not available, no distinguishing features; from Lago di Garda. •In the synonymy of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:83 [ref. 22952] as hesperidicus). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Scardinius erythrophthalmus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. heterandrius, Leuciscus Battalgil [F.] 1940:74 [1], Figs. [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 5 (nos 1/2); ref. 13233] Iznik Lake, northwestern Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM [Zool. Mus. Istanbul] 2500. Paratypes: IUSHM 2501-2546 (45). On p. 1 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859) -- (Berg 1949:561 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1996:26 [ref. 22945], Kottelat 1997:64 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:172 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Current status: Synonym of Petroleuciscus borysthenicus (Kessler 1859). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. heterodon, Alburnops Cope [E. D.] 1865:281 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Lansing and Grosse Isle, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: (numerous) not ANSP 2055 (1); UMMZ 213795-96 (1, 10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:91-92 [ref. 23395]. Böhlke 1984:78 [ref. 13621] doubtfully referred as "holotype" ANSP 2055, which may be the one on which Cope based his description [but it can only be a syntype as the account mentions many specimens]. Fowler 1918:20 [ref. 11665] reported the types as lost. •Valid as Alburnops heterodon Cope 1865 -- (Gilbert 1978:48 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:271 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:188 [ref. 22186]). •Valid as Notropis heterodon (Cope 1865) -- (McAllister 1990:63 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:145 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:454 [ref. 24570], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Houston 2002:608 [ref. 26242], Holm et al. 2002:615 [ref. 26241], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:93 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:273 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis heterodon (Cope 1865). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: mostly St. Lawrence--Great Lakes and Upper Mississippi River basin. Habitat: freshwater. heterolepis, Notropis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1893:152 [American Naturalist v. 27 (no. 314); ref. 12375] Tributary to Qu'Appelle River at Fort Qu'Appelle (50°46'N, 103°48'W), about 2 miles southwest of Melville, Saskatchewan, Canada. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1892.12.30.532. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893 -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:272 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:190 [ref. 22186], Page & Beckham 1987:666 [ref. 9126], McAllister 1990:63 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:156 [ref. 18983], Warren et al. 1994:879 [ref. 22062], Cross & Collins 1995:92 [ref. 23394], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:456 [ref. 24570], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Houston 2002:608 [ref. 26242], Holm et al. 2002:617 [ref. 26241], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:94 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:290 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: eastern U.S.A.and southern Canada. Habitat: freshwater. hippops, Campostoma Cope [E. D.] 1865:284 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Platte River, at Fort Kearney, Kearney County, Nebraska [not Kansas], U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 5987-88 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820), subspecies pullum (Agassiz 1854). Current status: Synonym of Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hispanicus, Phoxinus Steindachner [F.] 1866:79 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21716] Guadiana River near Merida, Spain. Syntypes: (several) NMW 51168 (4). Species first described in the above abstract, later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:268 [p. 8 of separate], Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 18776]. Also in Steindachner 1866:5 [ref. 18757]. •Valid as Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866) -- (Bogutskaya & Collares-Pereira 1997:243 [ref. 22763], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:177 [ref. 29996], Collares-Pereira & Coelho 2010:710 [ref. 31439], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Anaecypris hispanica (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Spain and Portugal. Habitat: freshwater. hittitorum, Pseudophoxinus Freyhof [J.] & Özuluğ [M.] 2010:240, Figs. 1-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 21 (no. 3); ref. 31039] Spring Eflatunpinar Sadikhaci, 37°49/51'N, 31°40,46'E, Lake Beyşehir basin, Konya Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey. Holotype: IUSHM 37970-608. Paratypes: IUSHM 37970-609 (10), 37970-493 (18); PSJF 2310 (20). Plus additional non-type material. Type catalog: Özuluğ & Saç 2018:46 [ref. 35782]. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010 -- (Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi et al. 2020:141 [ref. 37381], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:405 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus hittitorum Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Beyşehir Gölü tributary, Konya Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. hohenackeri, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1877:156 [The Aralo-Caspian Expedition; ref. 2597] Karabakh, Azerbaijan. Holotype (unique): ZIN 2339 [not 2839]. •Synonym of Alburnus charusini Herzenstein 1889, but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:750 [ref. 20661], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589], Pipoyan & Kirakosyan 1998:559 [ref. 24684]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:10 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:164 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Reshetnikov et al. 1997:735 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya et al. 2000:62 [ref. 24445], Gabrielyan 2001:26 [ref. 25867]). •Valid as Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:79 [ref. 28183], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:167 [ref. 29996], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:310 [ref. 29389], Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:166 [ref. 31251], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:42 [ref. 33691], Elp et al. 2015:182 [ref. 33762], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Falahatkar et al. 2015:323 [ref. 35421], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:499 [ref. 35603], Esmaeili et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36089], Özuluğ et al. 2018:33 [ref. 35953], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:127 [ref. 37983], Kaya et al. 2020:336 [ref. 37582], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[5] [ref. 37535], Çiçek et al. 2023:391 [ref. 40625], Dyldin et al. 2023:[29] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus hohenackeri Kessler 1877. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Kura-Aras River drainage, Caspian Sea Basin (Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Iran). Introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. holciki, Alburnoides Coad [B. W.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2012:44, Figs. 1-2 [Zootaxa No. 3453; ref. 32156] Hari River at Herat, 34°20'N, 62°12'E, Afghanistan. Holotype: SNM 6788 (101.8 mm TL). Paratypes: SNM 6788 (26). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Alburnoides holciki Coad & Bogutskaya 2012 -- (Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:151 [ref. 33904], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:861 [ref. 34062], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:297 [ref. 34153], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:162 [ref. 34375], Esmaeili et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36089], Levin et al. 2019:118 [ref. 36758], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:115 [ref. 37983], Mohammadi-Sarpiri et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38648], Sheraliev et al. 2021:[3] [ref. 38228], Çiçek et al. 2023:34 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides holciki Coad & Bogutskaya 2012. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia: Hari [= Tedzhen / Hariroud] River (Afghanistan), its western tributary in Iran, southern Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and western Tajikistan. Habitat: freshwater. holmwoodii, Capoeta Boulenger [G. A.] 1896:153 [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 18 (no. 104); ref. 14602] Between north coast of Smyrna [Izmir] and Troy, Turkey. Syntypes: BMNH 1893.1.14.7-8 (2) Smyrna. •Valid as Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger 1896) -- (Elvira 1987:120 [ref. 6743], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036], Bogutskaya 1997:151 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:169 [ref. 23566], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878] Fricke et al. 2007:37 [ref. 29533], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Küçük et al. 2021:246 [ref. 38611], Çiçek et al. 2023:396 [ref. 40625], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma holmwoodii (Boulenger 1896). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Aegean Sea tributaries, western Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. horatii, Notropis Cockerell [T. D. A.] 1911:614 [Science (new series) v. 34 (no. 879); ref. 14786] Small tributary to South Platte River, near Julesburg, Sedgwick County, Colorado, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 70313. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hubbsi, Notropis Bailey [R. M.] & Robison [H. W.] 1978:3, Pl. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 683; ref. 8963] Locust Bayou, tributary to Ouachita River, 1 kilometer west of Locust Bayou at Arkansas highway 4 bridge, Calhoun County, Arkansas, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 197480. Paratypes: ANSP 114122 (3); ASU 4733 (18); INHS (6 lots); NLU 32727 (14), 32728 (6); OAM 9628 (10), 9629 (24); TU 13956 (7), 96238 (31); UMMZ 197481-82 (47, 54), 197481-82 (57, 54), 197478-79 (4, 7); UT 960 (46). Additional paratypes at ASU and NLU. Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Bart & Taylor 1993:42 [ref. 20906], Sabaj et al. 1997:263-264 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis hubbsi Bailey & Robison 1878 -- (Lee et al. 1980:273 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:317 [ref. 11406], Robison & Buchanan 1988:214 [ref. 23393], Suttkus & Mettee 2001:38 [ref. 25253], Miller & Robison 2004:150 [ref. 27931]). •Valid as Pteronotropis hubbsi (Bailey & Robison 1978) -- (Page & Burr 1991:119 [ref. 18983], Fletcher & Burr 1992:193 [ref. 21904], Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395], Johnston & Knight 1999:200 [ref. 23705], Simons et al. 2000:1068 [ref. 25101], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:235 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Mayden & Allen 2015:[3] [ref. 34137]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis hubbsi (Bailey & Robison 1978). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Scattered localities: Arkansas, Louisiana and Texas, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. hubbsi, Parexoglossum Trautman [M. B.] 1931:2, Pl. 1; Fig. 1 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 235; ref. 16337] Mad River, Bath Township, Green County, western Ohio, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 92408. Paratypes: OSM F57 (1), F347 (1), F539-40 (1, 2), F566 (2), F570-71 (1, 17), F616 (3); UMMZ 85865 (1), 87369 (1), 92664 (3, now 2); USNM 117579 [ex UMMZ 92664] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Exoglossum laurae (Hubbs 1931), subspecies hubbsi (Trautman 1931) -- (Gilbert 1998:92 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:17 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Exoglossum laurae (Hubbs 1931). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hudsonia, Clupea Clinton [de W.] 1824:49, Pl. 2 (fig. 2) [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 1; ref. 18009] Albany and other places on the Hudson River, New York, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]. Museum name Stolephorus hudsonius of Cozzens mentioned in passing. •Valid as Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824) -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:275 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:194 [ref. 22186], McAllister 1990:63 [ref. 14674], Page & Burr 1991:159 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:410 [ref. 21581], Baxter & Stone 1995:94 [ref. 23374], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Sigler & Sigler 1996:100 [ref. 25943], Murdy et al. 1997:88 [ref. 23144], Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:459 [ref. 24570], Fuller et al. 1999:112 [ref. 25838], Lyons et al. 2000:26 [ref. 26594], Houston 2002:608 [ref. 26242], Nelson et al. 2004:74 [ref. 27807], Bailey et al. 2004:95 [ref. 27882], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], McPhail 2007:96 [ref. 31199], Page & Burr 2011:293 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis hudsonius (Clinton 1824). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America. Habitat: freshwater. hulensis, Mirogrex terraesanctae Goren [M.], Fishelson [L.] & Trewavas [E.] 1973:310, Fig. 11 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 24 (no. 6); ref. 1853] Lake Huleh, Israel, about 33°08'N, 35°37'E. Holotype: BMNH 1936.4.6.20. Paratypes: BMNH 1936.4.21-26 (6), TAU [= SMNHTAU] 3007-3011 (5), plus non-type material. •Valid as Mirogrex terraesanctae (Steinitz 1952), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Goren 1974:75 [ref. 7502]). •Valid as Acanthobrama hulensis (Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973) -- (Krupp & Schneider 1989:354 [ref. 13651], Khalaf 2013:4 [ref. 37897]). •Valid as Mirogrex hulensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973 -- (Çiçek et al. 2023:460 [ref. 40601]). Current status: Valid as Mirogrex hulensis Goren, Fishelson & Trewavas 1973. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East: Lake Hula (Huleh), Jordan River basin (Israel) (extinct). Habitat: freshwater. humboldti, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:206 [42] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] [Humboldt River in error], Snake River drainage, Nevada, U.S.A. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0392 [ex USNM 225] (1), USNM 225 (orig. 2, now 1, plus 1 pair pharyngeal arches as # 2770). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]. On p. 42 of separate. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836) -- (La Rivers 1994:403 [ref. 23389]). •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836), subspecies hydrophlox (Cope 1872) -- (Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. humilis, Oreoleuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1889:50, Pl. 2 (figs. 3-3a) [Monograph of the new genus of cyprinid fishes (Oreoleuciscus).; ref. 17829] Ulaangom, Mongolia. Lectotype: ZIN 6378. Paralectotypes: ZIN 6378 (1), 8079 (4), 50026 [ex ZIN 6378] (2). Lectotype selected by Bogutskaya 2001:15 [ref. 26833]. For remarks on biology and systematics see Kottelat 2006:44 [ref. 28831] •Valid as Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski 1889 -- (Berg 1949:541 [ref. 20661], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:739 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:65 [ref. 23589], Golubtsov et al. 1999:890 [ref. 37254], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya 2001:13 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:90 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:43 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:41 [ref. 28933], Dyldin et al. 2023:[25] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Oreoleuciscus humilis Warpachowski 1889. Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: North Asia: Mongolia and Russia. Habitat: freshwater. hyalinus, Ceratichthys Cope [E. D.] 1868:226 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Tributary of Holston River, southwestern Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 14995. Paralectotypes: ANSP 1925-95 (71 or 70), 2135-40 (6), 2141 (1); BMNH 1868.1.10.19 [from Cope] (1 or 3); USNM 118112 [ex ANSP 1996-2000] (5). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]. Appeared first as above, then as Cope 1868:226, Pl. [23] 27 (fig. 1) [ref. 909]. Lectotype established in Jordan & Evermann 1896:321 [ref. 2443] and designated by Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybopsis amblops (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:138 [ref. 22186]). •Synonym of Notropis amblops (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis amblops (Rafinesque 1820). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. hyalope, Squalius Cope [E. D.] 1865:280 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 16; ref. 13927] Conestoga Creek, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 4882. Paralectotypes: ANSP 4883-86 (4). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1909:524 [ref. 14376]. •Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817) -- (Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus corporalis (Mitchill 1817). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. hybridus, Aspius Yakovlev [V. E.] 1870:106 [6] [On the new and little-known species of fish found in the mouths of the Volga; ref. 19610] On p. 6 of separate. Proposed as most probably a hybrid between Aspius and Idus (from the Volga R. Delta, Russia); not available, regarded as proposed for a hybrid. •Hybrid -- (Berg 1949:566 [ref. 20661]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. hydrophlox, Clinostomus Cope [E. D.] 1872:475 [U. S. Geological Survey Territitories Annual Report v. 5 (pt 4); ref. 923] Blackfoot Creek, Idaho, U.S.A. Cope specimens: ANSP 18653 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395] with comments on type status. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836) -- (Lee et al. 1980:358 [ref. 22416], La Rivers 1994:408 [ref. 23389], Baxter & Stone 1995:111 [ref. 23374], Scott & Crossman 1998:504 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836), but a valid subspecies hydrophlox (Cope 1872) -- (Gilbert 1998:93 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:40 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Idaho, Wyoming and Utah, western U.S.A. [subspecies hydrophlox]. Habitat: freshwater. hyostomus, Nocomis Gilbert [C. H.] 1884:203 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 7 (no. 423); ref. 1622] East fork of White River, near Bedford, Lawrence County, Indiana, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS 58626 [ex IU 4798] (4), CAS-SU 888 (30), USNM 34980 (6). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:34 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:93-94 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:180 [ref. 22416]). •Synonym of Hybopsis aestivalis (Girard 1856), but possibly valid subspecies or species -- (Robison & Buchanan 1988:182 [ref. 23393]). •Synonym of Extrarius aestivalis (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Cross & Collins 1995:62 [ref. 23394]). •Synonym of Macrhybopsis aestivalis but a valid subspecies -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:208 [ref. 27995]). •Valid as Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert 1884) -- (Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395], Eisenhour 1999:969 [ref. 24184], Luttrell et al. 1999:981 [ref. 24185], Underwood et al. 2003:493 [ref. 27126], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Miller & Robison 2004:128 [ref. 27931], Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:211 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Gilbert et al. 2017:508 [ref. 35222], Echelle et al. 2018:547 [ref. 35765]). Current status: Valid as Macrhybopsis hyostoma (Gilbert 1884). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Ohio River drainage and Mississippi River basin and west coast Gulf slope, south-central U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. hypselopterus, Leuciscus Günther [A.] (ex Putnam) 1868:255 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Mobile, Alabama, U.S.A. Holotype: BMNH 1974.8.6.77. Putnam specimens: Lectotype: UMMZ 162442 [ex UMMZ 87183]. Paralectotypes: MCZ 1845 (24); ?UMMZ 86863 (1), UMMZ 87183 (6), ZMB 5646 (?). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042] and Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395] with types as for Alburnus formosus Putnam 1863. Description apparently composed by Günther on one specimen, with citation to Alburnus formosus Putnam MS; it probably should not be regarded as a replacement name for Alburnus formosus Putnam 1863 (publication of which Günther was apparently unaware); Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042] treated as a replacement name. •Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868), subspecies hypselopterus -- (Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:36 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Notropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:277 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:316 [ref. 11406], Suttkus & Mettee 2001:6 [ref. 25253]). •Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868) -- (Boschung 1992:58 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:309 [ref. 25836], Simons et al. 2000:1068 [ref. 25101], Nelson et al. 2004:77 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:274 [ref. 27995], Page & Burr 2011:231 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:77 [ref. 32708], Mayden & Allen 2015:[3] [ref. 34137], Mayden & Allen 2015:21 [ref. 35436], Robins et al. 2018:119 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Pteronotropis hypselopterus (Günther 1868). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Florida and Alabama. Habitat: freshwater. hypsilepis, Notropis Suttkus [R. D.] & Raney [E. C.] 1955:161, Figs. 1-2 [Tulane Studies in Zoology v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 12530] Tributary to Soque River, 0.4 miles west of Soque River and 1.5 miles west of Clarksville, Habersham County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 17442. Paratypes: CUMV 17138 (orig. 19, now 15), 17279 (3), 18102 (8), 19625 (9), 21138 (1), 28237 (6); TU 8883 [ex CUMV 17138] (4), 97111 [ex CUMV 18102] (8); UF 14610 [ex UMMZ 136086] (3); UMMZ 136086 (42, now 39), 142910 (2), 157957 (1). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:121 [ref. 20861], Gilbert 1974:112 [ref. 21035], Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Bart & Taylor 1993:42 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis hypsilepis Suttkus & Raney 1955 -- (Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:278 [ref. 22416], Dimmick 1987:317 [ref. 11406], Page & Burr 1991:147 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:55 [ref. 23239], Mettee et al. 1996:259 [ref. 25836], Fuller et al. 1999:113 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:75 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:242 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:277 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Notropis hypsilepis Suttkus & Raney 1955. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Georgia and Alabama, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. hypsinotus, Ceratichthys Cope [E. D.] 1870:458 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Tributary of Yadkin River, Roane [= Rowan] County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2005. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2003-04 (2), 2006-21 (16), 2022 (1), 2023 (1), 2033-35 (4?: 1 whole specimen, 2 heads, 3 bodies without heads); USNM 118113 [ex ANSP 2024-2026] (3 or 2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Jenkins and Lachner in Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Notropis hypsinotus (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Hybopsis hypsinotus (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:187 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:163 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:347 [ref. 21581], Grose & Wiley 2002:1092 [ref. 26513], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:21 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:299 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Hybopsis hypsinotus (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A.: Virginia, North and South Carolina. Habitat: freshwater. hypsisomatus, Notropis spilopterus Gibbs [R. H., Jr.] 1957:195, Fig. 4 (upper & lower middle) [Lloydia (Cincinnati) v. 20 (no. 3); ref. 12065] Bay at north end of Wonder Lake, McHenry County, Illinois, U.S.A. Holotype: CUMV 28541. Paratypes: CUMV 17931 (48), 17946 (15), 17960 (31), 17984 (6), 22305 (2), 22326 (12), 22330 (33). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:50 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis spilopterus (Cope 1867) -- (Gilbert 1978:50 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:312 [ref. 22416], Robison & Buchanan 1988:233 [ref. 23393]). •Synonym of Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867) -- (Mayden 1989:66 [ref. 12555], Gilbert 1998:94 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella spiloptera (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. ibdarus, Cyprinus Bonnaterre [J. P.] 1788:198 [Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature... Ichthyologie; ref. 4940] Not available; an incorrect subsequent spelling of Cyprinus idbarus Linnaeus 1758. Bonnaterre 1788 referred to "Linn. s. n. 529." •In the synonymy of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Misspelling. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. iblioides, Alburnus Kessler [K. F.] 1872:63 [19], Pl. 10 (fig. 27) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Springs at Yany-Kurgan; Syr Darya River, Tajikistan. Syntypes: (2) ZIN 24344 (1). On p. 19 of separate. See Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348]. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies taeniatus Eichwald 1831 -- (Berg 1949:607 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Lelek 1987:150 [ref. 22962], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:173 [ref. 37731]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. iblis, Alburnus Heckel [J. J.] 1847:263 [Reisen in Europa, Asien und Africa v. 2 (pt 3); ref. 2068] Persepolis area and the waters of the Araxes, Iran. Syntypes: NMW 55524 (7). •Synonym of Alburnus mossulensis Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:166 [ref. 23566], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:864 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254]). •Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:130 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus sellal Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. iconii, Pseudophoxinus Küçük [F.], Gülle [I.] & Güçlü [S. S.] 2016:284, Figs. 2, 3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 27 (no. 3) for Nov.; ref. 34910] Drainage ditches and canals near Gölyazi Village, Cihanbeyli District, Konya Province, Turkey, 38°32.24'N, 33°10.89'E, elevation 919 meters. Holotype: IFC-ESUF 03-1022. Paratypes:IFC-ESUF. •Valid as Pseudophoxinus iconii Küçük, Gülle & Güçlü 2016 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:13 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:405 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus iconii Küçük, Gülle & Güçlü 2016. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Tuz Gölü basin, central Anatolia (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. idbarus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Swedish lakes. No types known. Incorrectly spelled ibdarus by Bonnaterre 1788:198 [ref. 4940]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:25 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. idignensis, Alburnoides Bogutskaya [N. G.] & Coad [B. W.] 2009:166, Fig. 13 [Zoosystematica Rossica v. 18 (no. 1); ref. 30270] Bid Sorkh River between Sahneh and Kandgavar, Gav Masiab River drainage, ca. 34°23'N, 47°52'E, Kermanshahan, Iran, elevation 1370 meters. Holotype: CMNFI 2007-0118. Paratypes: CMNFI 2007-0118A (13). Plus additional non-type material. •Valid as Alburnoides idignensis Bogutskaya & Coad 2009 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109], Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Coad & Bogutskaya 2012:47 [ref. 32156], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:151 [ref. 33904], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:861 [ref. 34062], Mousavi-Sabet et al. 2015:299 [ref. 34153], Teimori et al. 2016:90 [ref. 34095], Turan et al. 2015:80 [ref. 34162], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2016:162 [ref. 34375], Esmaeili et al. 2017:32 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36089], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:116 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides idignensis Bogutskaya & Coad 2009. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle east: Tigris River drainage, Zagros Mountains (Iran). Habitat: freshwater. idus, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:324 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] European freshwaters. No types known. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758), as a valid subspecies -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:103 [ref. 37731]). •Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:32 [ref. 13497], Lee et al. 1980:205 [ref. 22416], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Lelek 1987:203 [ref. 22962], Page & Burr 1991:65 [ref. 18983], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Coad 1996:84 [ref. 25304], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:738 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:64 [ref. 23589], Koch & Paepke 1998:162 [ref. 23652], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:64 [ref. 23878], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], Fuller et al. 1999:87 [ref. 25838], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Hanel 2003:49 [ref. 27894], Nelson et al. 2004:72 [ref. 27807], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:85 [ref. 28183], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:169 [ref. 28369], Hanel & Lusk 2005:197 [ref. 28804], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:39 [ref. 28933], Fricke 2007:28 [ref. 30577], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:206 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Page & Burr 2011:155 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:72 [ref. 32708], Parin et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33547], McDowall & Stewart 2015:317 [ref. 34241], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Zhang et al. 2016:53 [ref. 34477], Romanov et al. 2017:821 [ref. 35687], Ćaleta et al. 2019:161 [ref. 37026], Lorenzoni et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37108], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326], Dyldin et al. 2023:[32] [ref. 40328], Nagy et al. 2023:357 [ref. 40348]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Europe. Widely introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. ignatowi, Oreoleuciscus Nikolskii [A. M.] 1902:188 [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 7; ref. 14886] Lake Chebak-kol, Altai range Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 11993 (3). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus pewzowi (Herzenstein 1883), subspecies altus Warpachowski 1889 -- (Berg 1949:540 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus pewzowi (Herzenstein 1883) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:66 [ref. 23589]). •Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Bogutskaya 2001:24 [ref. 26833], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:91 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. ignatowi, Phoxinus czekanowskii Berg [L. S.] 1907:209 [14] [Ezhegodnik, Zoologicheskago Muzeya Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk v. 11 (for 1906); ref. 15129] Seletytengiz Lake, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 11677 (2). Lectotype established by use of "type" by Berg 1949:581, Fig. 339 [ref. 20661] if specimen is identifiable. •Synonym of Phoxinus czekanowskii Dybowski 1869, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:581 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1987:130 [ref. 37731]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:663 [ref. 34853] with question). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris czekanowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. illecebrosus, Alburnops Girard [C. F.] 1856:194 [30] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Arkansas River, near Fort Smith, Arkansas--Oklahoma border, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 3034. Paralectotypes: FMNH 3142 (1), MCZ 1783 [ex USNM 66] (3 or 2), UMMZ 56286 (1), USNM 66 (18). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:49 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:6 [ref. 12367], Gilbert 1998:94-95 [ref. 23395]. On p. 30 of separate. Lectotype (as type) designated by Meek in Jordan 1885:123 [ref. 2384]; see Gilbert & Bailey 1962:808 [ref. 21335]. •Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert & Bailey 1962:808 [ref. 21335], Gilbert 1978:50 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:219 [ref. 25978]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis shumardi (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. illyricus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:195, Fig. 108 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Isonzo, Knin and Sign rivers, Dalmatia, Croatia. Syntypes: NMW 49313 (7), 49315 (3), 49322 (1), 49324 (1), 49331 (2), 49339-41 (1, 1, 1), . •Doubtfully valid as Leuciscus illyricus -- (Bianco & Knezevic 1987:49 [ref. 21912]). •Valid as Leuciscus ilyricus (Heckel & Kner 1857) -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975]). •Valid as Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1857 -- (Bogutskaya 1994:617 [ref. 23569], Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:266 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:42 [ref. 29926], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:166 [ref. 37026], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius illyricus Heckel & Kner 1857. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Croatia. Habitat: freshwater. ilmenensis, Leuciscus lucidus var. Warpachowski [N. A.] 1886:63, Fig. [Zapiski Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, Sankt Petersburg v. 53; ref. 14466] Lake Llmen [Il'men'] and Volkhov River, Russia. Syntypes: ZIN 7105 (5) Il'men', 7124 (3) Il'men, 71117 (2) Volkhov, 7135 (4) Volkhov. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:746 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. imeldae, Notropis Cortés [M. T.] 1968:187, Fig. [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 15 (1966); ref. 7807] Río Atoyac at Juchatengo, Oaxaca, Mexico, 16°20'N, 97°05'W. Holotype: ENCB IPN P915. Paratypes: (193 or 192) ENCB IPN (? remaining paratypes), TU 55375 (5), UMMZ 188317 (5). Type catalog: Suttkus 1970:121 [ref. 20861], Bart & Taylor 1993:43 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis cumingi (Günther 1868) -- (Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]). •Valid as Notropis imeldae Cortés 1968 -- (Gilbert 1978:50 [ref. 7042], Chernoff & Miller 1986:181 [ref. 6782], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:18 [ref. 22290], Schönhuth et al. 2001:360 [ref. 25185], Schönhuth & Doadrio 2003:333 [ref. 27194]). Current status: Valid as Notropis imeldae Cortés 1968. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. inaequilobus, Pogonichthys Baird [S. F.] & Girard [C. F.] in Girard 1854:136 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7; ref. 1817] San Joaquin River, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 242. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]. Author is S. F. Baird and Girard. •Synonym of Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854) -- (Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Pogonichthys macrolepidotus (Ayres 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. incrassatus, Leucosomus Girard [C. F.] 1856:190 [26] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Twenty miles west of Choctaw Agency [= Sculyville], branch of Sans Bois Creek, Haskell County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 156 (plus pharyngeal arches as # 2732). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]. On p. 26 of separate. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. insignis, Hybopsis Hubbs [C. L.] & Crowe [W. R.] 1956:7 [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 578; ref. 12200] At head of Bloor River Island, Tennessee River, Calloway County, Kentucky, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 157702. Other specimens: (not specified as types) UMMZ and USNM. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395]. Data under subspecies H. insignis insignis. •Valid as Hybopsis insignis Hubbs & Crowe 1956 -- (Lee et al. 1980:188 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Erimystax insignis (Hubbs & Crowe 1956) -- (Page & Burr 1991:105 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:48 [ref. 23239], Etnier & Starnes 1993:167 [ref. 22809], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:335 [ref. 21581], Mettee et al. 1996:181 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:95 [ref. 23395], Simons 2004:354 [ref. 27695], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:180 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:16 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:214 [ref. 31215] with 2 subspecies). Current status: Valid as Erimystax insignis (Hubbs & Crowe 1956). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. intermedia, Blicca Fatio [V.] 1882:355 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Rhone River at Lyon, France. Holotype (unique): MHNG 656.16. Type catalog: Weber 1998:6 [ref. 23532]. •Questionably a synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:134 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. intermedia, Tigoma Girard [C. F.] 1856:206 [42] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio San Pedro, Gila River basin, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: [all originally USNM 232] ANSP 4187 (1), MCZ 1963 [ex USNM 232] (1), MNHN 0000-0396 (1), NMW 48718 (1), USNM 232 (orig. 20, now 12, plus 1 pair pharyngeal arches as #2786). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:79 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]. On p. 42 of separate. •Valid as Gila intermedia (Girard 1856) -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:15 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395], Minckley & DeMarais 2000:251 [ref. 24298], Norris et al. 2003:24 [ref. 26757], Nelson et al. 2004:71 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:18 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:123 [ref. 28615], Minckley & Marsh 2009:131 [ref. 31114], Page & Burr 2011:165 [ref. 31215], Page & Burr 2011:167 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Moran et al. 2017:1 [ref. 35521]). •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Page et al. 2017:459 [ref. 35584], Carter et al. 2018:289 [ref. 35930], Copus et al. 2018:11 [ref. 36179], Suchocki et al. 2023:1 [ref. 40513]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. intermedius, Squalius Kessler [K. F.] 1872:60 [16], Pl. 10 (fig. 23) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Zeravshan River basin, Uzbekistan. Syntypes: (4) ZIN 2315 (1, not present in 1997). Type catalog: Svetovidova 1978:262 [ref. 9011] with ZISP 2315 as holotype. On p. 16 of separate. •Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. interocularis, Nocomis leptocephalus Lachner [E. A.] & Wiley [M. L.] 1971:6, Pls. 1-2, 4-5; Fig. 3 [Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology No. 92; ref. 7689] Toxaway River, just below Lake Toxaway dam, Transylvania County, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 200757. Paratypes: CUMV, UGAMNH, UF [ex FSU] (15, 2 lots), UMMZ, USNM (90 lots), TU, Univ. of Alabama. Type catalog: Bart & Taylor 1993:34-36 [ref. 20906], Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Lee et al. 1980:213 [ref. 22416], Stauffer et al. 1995:111 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395], Ross et al. 2001:184 [ref. 25978], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:194 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. [subspecies interocularis]. Habitat: freshwater. interruptus, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:238 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] Ohio River, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]. Described as belonging to subgenus Luxilus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:49 [ref. 3592]. •Status unknown -- (Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. inversa, Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1899:91 (footnote) [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere; ref. 14707] Grosny. Not available, name for a variety which author then decided lacked sufficient differences to be named. Infrasubspecific. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. ionthas, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1886:11 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 9 (no. 549) (for 14 Aug. 1886); ref. 10626] Not available; manuscript name mentioned under Notropis dilectus (Gilbert 1978:22 [ref. 7042]). Later described as Notropis perpallidus Hubbs & Black 1940 -- (Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Notropis perpallidus Hubbs & Black 1940. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. ipni, Notropis Álvarez [J.] & Navarro [L.] 1953:5, Fig. 1 [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 7 (nos 1-4); ref. 12635] Barranca de Venados, .5 kilometers below Puente Venado, Río de Metztitlán, state of Hidalgo, Mexico. Holotype: ENCB uncat. Paratypes: (75) ENCB uncat., UMMZ 172496 (6), USNM 163666 (6). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Dionda ipni (Álvarez & Navarro 1953) -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:13 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:15 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:118 [ref. 28615]). •Valid as Tampichthys ipni (Álvarez & Navarro 1953) -- (Schönhuth et al. 2008:745 [ref. 29831], Page et al. 2013:78 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Tampichthys ipni (Álvarez & Navarro 1953). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Atlantic Slope of Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. iranicus, Chalcalburnus chalcoides Svetovidov [A. N.] 1945:144 [Comptes rendus (Doklady) de l'Académie des Sciences de l'URSS. v. 48 (no. 2); ref. 13092] Near Shakhi, Talar River basin, entering Caspian Sea, Iran. Syntypes: (several) ZIN 31221 (4), 31222 (6+). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Berg 1949:734 [ref. 20661], Coad 1996:69 [ref. 23606], Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Esmaeili et al. 2010:367 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:863 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:35 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. irideus, Leucaspius Ladiges [W.] 1960:138, Fig. 11 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 58; ref. 9361] Marmaris Mugla-arasi, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H1085. Paratypes: ZMH H1086 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Leucaspius delineatus (Heckel 1843) or a valid species -- (Lelek 1987:200 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Ladigesocypris ghigii (Gianferrari 1927) -- (Bogutskaya 1996:40 [ref. 22945], Bogutskaya 1997:171 [ref. 23566], Fricke et al. 2007:40 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus irideus (Ladiges 1960) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Ladigesocypris irideus (Ladiges 1960) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:203 [ref. 29996], Barbieri et al. 2015:54 [ref. 35029]). •Valid as Squalius irideus (Ladiges 1960) -- (Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2016:116 [ref. 35152], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:411 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius irideus (Ladiges 1960). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, Muğla Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. iris, Hypsilepis Cope [E. D.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:653, Pl. 31 (figs. 4-4a) [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Rio Grande at San Ildefonso, about 10 miles east of Los Alamos, Santa Fe County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 16976. Paralectotypes: MCZ 35927 [ex USNM 16976] (5), 35953 (1); USNM 16977 (orig. 268, now 187), 16980 (98), 343590 [ex USNM 16976] (now 9), 343591 [ex USNM 16976] (now 98), 343592 (19), 343593 (8), 343594 (2), 343595 (50), 343596 (1) 343597 (6), 343598 (2), 343599 (27), 343601 (28). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:50-51 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:96-97 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype selected by Gilbert 1998:96 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:51 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853), subspecies lutrensis (Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. iris, Leuciscus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:255, Pl. 496 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] New York, U.S.A. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-3921. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-3928 (4) Carolina. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60 [ref. 19574] with a holotype, Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. The original description contained 2 localities so no holotype established originally, Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395] assumed a lectotype was established by Bertin & Estève by use of holotype, but that is incorrect. Lectotype established by Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818) -- (Smith 1986:155 [ref. 22186], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Semotilus atromaculatus (Mitchill 1818). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. ischanus, Notemigonus Jordan [D. S.] 1877:364 [Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History of New York v. 11 (nos 11-12) (art. 29); ref. 2373] South Fork of Ocmulgee River at Flat Shoals, DeKalb County, Georgia, U.S.A. Syntypes: UF 173462 [ex. Butler Univ. 117] (14); MCZ 24368 (1); USNM 17865 (7), 20112 (2). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. isetensis, Cyprinus Georgi [J. G.] 1775:621 [Bemerkungen einer Reise im russischen Reich in 1772; ref. 18104] Cartharinopolis, Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Kottelat 2006:45 [ref. 28831] as cf. phoxinus). •Valid as Phoxinus isetensis Georgi 1775 -- (Dyldin et al. 2023:[36] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus isetensis (Georgi 1775). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: North Asia: Arctic Ocean basin, from Murman coast to East Siberian Sea basin (Kolyma drainage); rivers of northern and western Sea of Okhotsk drainage (Ola and Uda rivers), rivers of Peter the Great Bay drainage, probably Amur River basin and northwestern Sakhalin Island (Russia). Habitat: freshwater. isognathus, Brama Bleeker [P.] 1863:235, Pl. [Verslagen en Mededeelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen. Afdeling Natuurkunde. v. 15; ref. 12572] Rhine River at Leiden, Netherlands. Bleeker specimens: BMNH 1866.5.2.120 (1) Rhine. Also in Bleeker 1863:371. •Hybrid between Scardinius erythrophthalmus x Blicca bjoerkna -- (Kottelat 1997:183 [ref. 22952]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. isolata, Gila bicolor Hubbs [C. L.] & Miller [R. R.] 1972:103 [Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History v. 17 (no. 8); ref. 2260] Warm Springs Ranch, Independence Valley, just off base of Pequop Mountain, Elko County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 186906. Paratypes: CAS 24567 (61), UMMZ 186518 (285, now 284 plus 3 skeletons). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies isolata as described -- (Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies isolatus (Hubbs & Miller 1972) -- (Scharpf 2005:41 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Siphateles bicolor (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies isolata]. Habitat: freshwater. isolepis, Notropis cornutus Hubbs [C. L.] & Brown [W. H.] in Ortenburger & Hubbs 1927:129 [Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science Pt 1, v. 6 (art. 19); ref. 3306] Mountain Fork River, 10 miles southeast of Broken Bow, McCurtain County, Oklahoma, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 73090. Paratypes: MCZ 32696 [ex USNM 73097] (1); UMMZ 73048 (2), 73091 (4), 73097 (16, now 14); UOMZ 5969-73 (1, 38, 5, 1, 2); USNM 117561 [ex UMMZ 73097] (1). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:51 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820-- (Ross et al. 2001:166 [ref. 25978]). •Synonym of Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Gilbert 1964:167 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:51 [ref. 7042], Robison & Buchanan 1988:208 [ref. 23393], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:22 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:220 [ref. 31215]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Mississippi River basin and Gulf drainages, U.S.A.[subspecies isolepis]. Habitat: freshwater. issykkulensis, Phoxinus Berg [L. S.] 1912:243, Fig. 17 [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Lake Issyk-Kul, Kyrgyzstan. Syntypes: ZIN 9696 (5, not found), 13511 (5), 14536 (6), 15704 (3). •Valid as Phoxinus issykkulensis Berg 1912 -- (Berg 1949:587 [ref. 20661], Howes 1985:67 [ref. 5274] as issykylensis, Strange & Mayden 2009:495 [ref. 30381]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus issykkulensis Berg 1912. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan. Habitat: freshwater. istanbulensis, Alburnus (Chalcalburnus) chalcoides Battalgil [F.] 1941:180 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Kâathane [Kagithane] stream, draining to Bosphorus River, near Istanbul, Turkey. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Özulug & Freyhof 2007:243 [ref. 29341] serve as first revisers, selecting istanbulensis over its synonym spancae -- both species occurring in the same publication •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Lelek 1987:175 [ref. 22962]). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) -- (Mangit & Yerli 2017:1 [ref. 35640] dated 1837). •Valid as Alburnus istanbulensis Battalgil 1941 -- (Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2007:242 [ref. 29341], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:168 [ref. 29996], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Bogutskaya et al. 2017:99 [ref. 35513], Çiçek et al. 2018:9 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:130 [ref. 35889], Özuluğ & Saç 2019:29 [ref. 36599], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:391 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus istanbulensis Battalgil 1941. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Marmara Sea and Black Sea tributaries, coastal streams of eastern Thrace (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. istanbulensis, Vimba vimba tenella natio Battalgil [F.] 1941:181 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Kâathane River, Golden Horn, Istanbul, Turkey. •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1997:180 [ref. 23566]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. italicus, Phoxinellus Bonaparte [C. L.] 1845:6 [Catalogo metodico dei Ciprinidi d'Europa, ...; ref. 13472] Southern Italy. No types known. Minimal distinguishing features, probably not available. •Placement uncertain -- (Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952]). Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. italicus, Rutilus Calderoni [P.] 1981:459 [Rivista di Idrobiologia, Instituto di Idrobiologia e Pescicoltura G. B. Grassi dell'Università di Perugia v. 19; ref. 23012] Lake Trasimeno, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. jaculum, Chondrostoma De Filippi [F.] 1844:397 [11] [Pesci finora osservati in Lombardia v. 1; ref. 19961] Ticino River and Po River, Lombardia, Italy. Syntypes: NMW 52244 (4). On p. 11 of separate. Also appeared in De Filippi 1845:91 [ref. 18079]. •Synonym of Chondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839) -- (Elvira 1987:119 [ref. 6743], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Protochondrostoma genei (Bonarparte 1839). Current status: Synonym of Protochondrostoma genei (Bonaparte 1839). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. jaculus, Alburnellus Cope [E. D.] 1867:387 [Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (New Series) v. 13 (pt 3) (art. 13); ref. 910] St. Josephs River and its tributary Dawagiac River, Berrien County, Michigan, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 2577 (1) Flint River, ?BMNH 1868.1.10.24 (3) Walker Creek, MCZ 4688 (2) St. Josephs River and Dowagiac Creek, MNHN 0000-4688 (2) Dowagiac Creek. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:66 [ref. 19574], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621] as syntypes; Gilbert 1978:39, 51 [ref. 7042] treats Cope in Günther 1868 as the original description. See also Leuciscus copii Günther 1868. Lectotype perhaps established by Fowler 1910:290, Pl. 20 (fig. 47). •Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850) -- (Gilbert 1978:51 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:97 [ref. 23395], Wood et al. 2002:39 [ref. 26600]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. jaculus, Cyprinus Jurine [L.] 1825:221, Pl. 14 [Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Genève v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 18368] [Lac Léman] Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. jadovensis, Phoxinellus Zupančič [P.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2002:430, Figs. 3, 7, 9 [Natura Croatica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 26818] Jadova River at Ploca, Croatia. Holotype: CNHM 5494. Paratypes: PCZ (pers. coll.) (8, 4, 9, 3); ZISP (4). •Valid as Phoxinellus jadovensis Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002 -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:374 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Delminichthys jadovensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:422 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:192 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:31 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:61 [ref. 34877], Mustafić et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35274], Ćaleta et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Delminichthys jadovensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Jadova River (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater. janae, Squalius Bogutskaya [N. G.] & Zupančič [P.] 2010:56, Figs. 2-4a, 8a [Zootaxa No. 2536; ref. 30905] Dragonja River about 2 kilometers upstream from bridge on road from Zupančiči, 45°28'N, 13°46'E, Slovenia. Holotype: SMNH 207. Paratypes: PZC 452 (6), 453 (6), 454 (19), 455 (7), 456 (8), 475 (6), 476 (4); ZISP 54690 (11). •Valid as Squalius janae Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010 -- (Zupančič et al. 2010:155 [ref. 31002]), Ćaleta et al. 2015:93 [ref. 34877]. •Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Buj et al. 2019:[17] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Synonym of Squalius squalus (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. jarrovii, Lepidomeda Cope [E. D.] 1874:132 [4] [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 14; ref. 932] Colorado Chiquito [Little Colorado] River, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1883.12.14.242 (1), USNM 15786 (2). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:97-98 [ref. 23395]. On p. 4 of separate. •Synonym of Lepidomeda vittata Cope 1874 -- (Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395], Minckley & Marsh 2009:154 [ref. 31114]). Current status: Synonym of Lepidomeda vittata Cope 1874. Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. jaxartensis, Aspius rapax var. Kessler [K. F.] 1874:27 [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 11; ref. 2596] Syr-Darya River, central Asia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. On p. 19 of separate. •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) subspecies taeniatus Eichwald 1831 -- (Berg 1949:607 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Aspius aspius (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:47 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758) based on placement of aspius. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus aspius (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. jeholi, Leuciscus Howes [G. J.] 1984:291 [Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology v. 47 (no. 5); ref. 5312] Unneeded replacement name for Leuciscus mongolicus Oshima 1926, preoccupied, but replaced earlier by Leuciscus oshimae Fowler 1958. •Synonym of Genghis mongolicus (Kessler 1876) -- (Howes 1984:290 [ref. 5312]). •Questionably a synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. jejuna, Episema Forbes [S. A.] in Jordan 1878:60 [Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History v. 1 (no. 2); ref. 10444] Illinois River at Henry, Marshall County, Illinois, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS 29302 [ex IU 4725] (2); INHS 26947 (17 or 18), CAS-SU 1278 (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:31 [ref. 12291], Smith & Bridges 1960:253 [ref. 21197], Gilbert 1978:51-52 [ref. 7042], Sabaj et al. 1997:264-265 [ref. 23225], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:447 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. jelskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:952 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon River basin, Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: IZPAN. •Synonym of Phoxinus percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Berg 1949:574 [ref. 20661], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:80 [ref. 23878], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183]). •Synonym of Eupallasella perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 1997:58 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Phoxinus perenurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Eupallasella percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Kottelat 2006:31 [ref. 28831]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2008:333 [ref. 30085]). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris percnurus (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. jemezanus, Alburnellus Cope [E. D.] in Cope & Yarrow 1875:650, Pl. 31 (figs. 3, 3a) [Engineer Department, United States Army, Report upon the Geographical and Geological Explorations and Surveys west of the one hundredth Meridian v. 5 (Zoology) Chapter 6; ref. 968] Rio Grande at San Ildefonso, about 10 miles east of Los Alamos, Sante Fe County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 16981 (7). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis jemezanus (Cope 1875) -- (Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:279 [ref. 22416], Pezold & Edwards 1983:104 [ref. 37431], Page & Burr 1991:132 [ref. 18983], Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:18 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:75 [ref. 27807], Miller 2006:133 [ref. 28615], Scharpf 2005:30 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:255 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:75 [ref. 32708], Conway & Kim 2016:334 [ref. 34355]). Current status: Valid as Notropis jemezanus (Cope 1875). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas and New Mexico (U.S.A.); northern Mexico. Habitat: freshwater. jeses, Cyprinus Linnaeus [C.] 1758:325 [Systema Naturae, Ed. X v. 1; ref. 2787] Germany. No types known. Spelled ieses by Gmelin 1770:59 [ref. 18140]. Neotype designated by Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], but withdrawn in Fricke 2000:639 [ref. 24537]. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:564 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Fricke 1999:24 [ref. 24101], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. joholensis, Leuciscus (Idus) waleckii Kimura [Sh.] 1934:13, Pl. 3 (fig. 1) [Journal of the Shanghai Science Institute (Section 3) v. 3; ref. 13892] Cheng-teh [Chengde], River Je-ho, China. Holotype (unique): whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:66 [ref. 23878], Kottelat 2006:39 [ref. 28831], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:661 [ref. 34853]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus waleckii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. jordani, Gila Tanner [V. M.] 1950:32, Fig. 1 [Great Basin Naturalist, Provo Utah v. 10 (nos 1-4); ref. 12978] Crystal Spring, Pahranagat Valley, Lincoln County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: BYU 9959. Paratypes: BYU 8980-81 (1, 1), 9084 (1), 9958 (1), 9960 (1). Type catalog: Tanner 1970:220 [ref. 23524]. •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853, but a valid subspecies -- (Lee et al. 1980:172 [ref. 22416], La Rivers 1994:393 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:19 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:165 [ref. 31215]). •Valid as Gila jordani Tanner 1950 -- (Minckley & Marsh 2009:133 [ref. 31114], Page et al. 2013:71 [ref. 32708], Copus et al. 2018:6 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Valid as Gila jordani Tanner 1950. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. jordanii, Notropis Eigenmann [C. H.] & Eigenmann [R. S.] 1893:592 [American Naturalist v. 27 (no. 318); ref. 19656] Southern Saskatchewan River, Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1892.12.30.531. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. Replacement name for Notropis albeolus Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893, preoccupied by Notropis albeolus Jordan 1889. •Synonym of Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893 -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:459 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Notropis blennius (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. josealvarezi, Notropis Cortés [M. T.] 1986:29, Fig. 2 [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, México v. 30 (nos 1-4); ref. 23399] Procedente de Orandino, 2 kilometers west of Jacona (10°57'N, 102°19'W), Michoacan, Mexico. Holotype: ENCB P544. Paratypes: ENCB uncat. (orig. 27, now 17), UMMZ 215478 [ex ENCB] (10). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. •Close to or identical to Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844) -- (Miller in Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Algansea tincella (Valenciennes 1844). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. jouyi, Leuciscus Jordan [D. S.] & Snyder [J. O.] 1901:741, Pl. 31 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 23 (no. 1235); ref. 2504] Sasuna, Tsushima Province, Japan. Holotype: USNM 45228. Paratypes: CAS-SU 6376 (7), USNM 75164 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:33 [ref. 12291]. •Valid as Moroco jouyi (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) -- (Okada 1961:492 [ref. 6363], Sawada in Masuda et al. 1984:57 [ref. 6441]). •Synonym of Phoxinus oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874), but a valid subspecies -- (Watanabe 1998:262 [ref. 23491], Sato et al. 1998:31 [ref. 24972], Mizuno et al. 1999:6 [ref. 25311], Nakabo 2000:264 [ref. 25086], Matsuura et al. 2000:102 [ref. 26000], Nakabo 2002:264 [ref. 26001]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (Sauvage & Dabry de Thiersant 1874) but as a valid subspecies jouyi -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:665 [ref. 34853], Hata et al. 2019:15 [ref. 36849]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris jouyi (Jordan & Snyder 1901). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Japan. Habitat: freshwater. jugalis, Moniana Cope [E. D.] 1871:439 [Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Wyoming and portions of contiguous territories. Part 4 (art. 8); ref. 19655] Missouri River at St. Joseph, Missouri, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 3144. Paralectotypes: ANSP 3145-50 (16). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:279, Pl. 17 (fig. 20). •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:52 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. jurinii, Leuciscus Dybowski [B. N.] 1862:230 [Archiv für die Naturkunde Liv-, Ehst- und Kurlands. Zweiter Serie. Biologische Naturkunde. Dorpat v. 3; ref. 1168] Lake Geneva, Switzerland and France. See Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952] for types. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. jusanensis, Acahara Jordan [D. S.] & Hubbs [C. L.] 1925:180 [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 2486] Lake Jusan, near Aomori, Mutsu Province, Japan. Holotype: FMNH 58722 [ex CM 7828, ex CAS-SU 7352]. Paratypes: CAS-SU 7352 (1, missing). Type catalog: Henn 1928:71 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:4 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Tribolodon jusanensis (Jordan & Hubbs 1925) -- (Okada 1961:481 [ref. 6363]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. kalawatseti, Oregonichthys Markle [D. F.], Pearsons [T. N.] & Bills [D. T.] 1991:279, Figs. 1, 3b [Copeia 1991 (no. 2); ref. 21027] Elk Creek at end of Schad Road, tributary to Umpqua River, Douglas County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 306790 [ex OS 5494]. Paratypes: CAS 68130 (3); LACM 44850-1 (2); OS 9613 (1), 12078 (2), 12444-48 (2, 3, 6, 3, 2); UMMZ 216010 (2); USNM 306791 (3). Additional material: (410) CAS (2 lots), OS (23 lots), UMMZ (8 lots), UW (1 lot). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Oregonichthys kalawatseti Markle, Pearsons & Bills 1991 -- (Gilbert 1998:98 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:76 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:34 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:178 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:76 [ref. 32708], Penaluna & Ellenburg 2019:208 [ref. 38696]). Current status: Valid as Oregonichthys kalawatseti Markle, Pearsons & Bills 1991. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Umpqua River basin, Oregon (U.S.A.) endemic. Habitat: freshwater. kanawahanum, Campostoma anomalum Ross [R. D.] 1958 [Bulletin Virginia Agriculture Experiment Station, Virginia Polytechnic Institute No. 137; ref. 23401] No distinguishing features, not available -- (Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]). Nomen Nudum. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. kanawha, Notropis Jordan [D. S.] & Jenkins [O. P.] in Jordan 1889:354, Pl. 44 (fig. 5) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 11 (no. 723); ref. 10478] Reed Creek, tributary of Kanawha River, near Wytheville, Wythe County, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: USNM 39928. Paralectotypes: CAS-SU 624 (3), USNM 179894 [ex 39928] (3). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:35 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:98-99 [ref. 23395]. Second author is O. P. Jenkins. Lectotype established (as figured specimen) in caption to Pl. 46, p. 3241 in Jordan & Evermann 1900 [ref. 2446]; a lectotype was also selected by Bailey & Gilbert 1960:356 [ref. 12396] and that specimen is now in USNM 39928. •Hybrid between Notropis rubellus (Agassiz 1850) and N. volucellus (Cope 1865) -- (Bailey & Gilbert 1960 [ref. 12396], Gilbert 1978:22, 52 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]). Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. karamani, Rutilus aula natio Vladykov [V. D.] & Petit [G.] 1930:391 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 55 (no. 5); ref. 16223] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Lake Ohrid, at Pogradec, Albania. Made available by Fowler 1977 (see separate entry). We disagree with Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:384 [ref. 33417] that the name is subspecific; they use the term infraspecific. •In the synonymy of Rutilus karamani Fowler 1977 -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Rutilus ohridanus (Karaman 1924) -- (Marić & Radujković 2009:139 [ref. 31438]). •In the synonymy of Leucos basak Heckel 1843 -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:384 [ref. 33417]). •In the synonymy of Rutilus basak (Heckel 1843). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leucos basak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. karamani, Rutilus rubella Fowler [H. W.] 1977:85 [Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum (Taipei) v. 30 (nos 1/2); ref. 9336] Lake Ohrid at Pogradec, Albania. Syntypes: MNHN 1977-0281 (3). Appeared first in Vladykov & Petit 1930 as Rutilus aula natio karamani; not available, infrasubspecific. Dates to treatment as a subspecies by Fowler 1977 by reference to Vladykov & Petit. •Tentatively a valid species -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Rutilus karamani Fowler 1977 -- (Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:241 [ref. 29996]). •Synonym of Rutilus ohridanus (Karaman 1924) -- (Marić & Radujković 2009:139 [ref. 31438], Milosević et al. 2011:1095 [ref. 31524]). •Synonym of Leucos basak Heckel 1843 -- (Bianco & Ketmaier 2014:384 [ref. 33417]). Current status: Synonym of Leucos basak Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. karasuensis, Vimba vimba tenella natio Tseeb [Ya. Ya.] & Delamure [S. L.] 1938:145 [Izvestia Krymskogo Pedagogicheskogo Instituta imeni M. V. Frunze v. 7; ref. 21761] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Chernaya R. near Sevastopol. •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies tenella (Nordmann 1840) -- (Berg 1949:796 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:86 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Vimba vimba (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. karsticus, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:8, Figs. 11-12 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Endorheic River Trebinje, near Jasenica Village, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Holotype: IZA 00314-1. Paratypes: IZA. •Valid as Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015 -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:3 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Valid as Phoxinus karsticus Bianco & De Bonis 2015. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Skadar Lake drainage, Bosnia-Herzegovina. Habitat: freshwater. karsticus, Telestes Marčić [Z.] & Mrakovčić [M.] in Marčić et al. 2011:421, 424, Fig. 3 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 79; ref. 31443] Susik Creek, 45°08'44.13"N, 15°04'41.17"E, elevation 460 meters. Holotype: PMR 2199. Paratypes: NMP P6V 86122-86123 (2), PMF PL12-24 (13), PMR 2200 (2). Plus additional material on p. 421. Type catalog: Mlíkovský et al. 2011:153 [ref. 33498]. •Valid as Telestes karsticus Marčić & Mrakovčić 2011 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2012:77 [ref. 32007]), Ćaleta et al. 2015:39 [ref. 34877]. Current status: Valid as Telestes karsticus Marčić & Mrakovčić 2011. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Mountains streams, Croatia. Habitat: freshwater. kaznakovi, Leuciscus cephalus orientalis natio Berg [L. S.] 1912:143, Pl. 2 (fig. 3) [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Lake Nour near Vandam, Nukha Dist., Azerbaijan. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:66 [ref. 22952]). •In the synonymy of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. keadicus, Leuciscus (Telestes) souffia Stephanidis [A.] 1971:198, Fig. 9 [Biologia Gallo-Hellenica v. 3 (no. 2) (for 1970); ref. 7540] Evrotas River, Peloponnese, Greece. Syntypes: (21) MZUTH. •Valid as Leuciscus keadicus Stephanidis 1971 -- (Lelek 1987:210 [ref. 22962] as kaedicus, Economidis 1996:303 [ref. 22592], Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952], Ketmaier et al. 1998:47 [ref. 23809]). •Valid as Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971) -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:23 [ref. 28742], Freyhof et al. 2006:418 [ref. 28484], Doadrio & Carmona 2006:200 [ref. 28975], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:266 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Perea et al. 2010:4 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:65 [ref. 35029], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius keadicus (Stephanidis 1971). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Greece. Habitat: freshwater. keimi, Notropis Fowler [H. W.] 1909:533, Pl. 27 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 60 (for 1908); ref. 14376] Tributary of Allegheny River above (south of) Port Allegany, McKean County, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Holotype: ANSP 31126. Paratypes: ANSP 24045-47 (3). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:52-53 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854) -- (Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Smith 1986:194 [ref. 22186], Stauffer et al. 1995:129 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854), but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:29 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis dorsalis (Agassiz 1854). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. kendalli, Notropis Evermann [B. W.] & Cockerell [T. D. A.] 1909:186 [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 22; ref. 14371] Cross Lake Thoroughfare (stream connecting Salmon and Cross lakes), Aroostook County, Maine, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 64150. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042]. •Synonym of Notropis bifenatus (Cope 1869) -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:445 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893 -- (Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis heterolepis Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1893. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. kentuckiensis, Luxilus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:238 [Western Review and Miscellaneous Magazine: a monthly publ., devoted to literature and science, Lexington, KY v. 2 (no. 4); ref. 7310] "Kuntucky" [Ohio River drainage], U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]. Described as belonging to subgenus Luxilus, but listed as above. Also in Rafinesque 1820:48 [ref. 3592]. •Synonym of Nocomis biguttatus (Kirtland 1840) -- (Smith 1986:143 [ref. 22186]). •Unidentifiable -- (Gilbert 1998:99 [ref. 23395]). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. kervillei, Phoxinellus Pellegrin [J.] 1911:109 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 36 (no. 2/3); ref. 14800] Orontes River near its outlet from Lake Homs [Lake Qattinah], Syria, ca. 34°39'47.7"N 36°37'12.4"E, elevation 490 meters. Lectotype: MNHN 1910-0018 (36 mm SL, poor condition). Paralectotypes: MNHN 1910-0018 (1), plus there are 11 non-types in 1910-0018. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:60 [ref. 19574]. Lectotype selected by Krupp & Schneider 1989:377 [ref. 13651]. •Synonym of Pseudophoxinus libani (Lortet 1883) -- (Bariche & Freyhof 2016:209 [ref. 34934]). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin 1911) -- (Goren 1974:78 [ref. 7502], Krupp & Schneider 1989:377 [ref. 13651], Bogutskaya 1997:177 [ref. 23566], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2006:258 [ref. 28846], Bogutskaya et al. 2006:335 [ref. 29055], Fricke et al. 2007:45 [ref. 29533], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:317 [ref. 30686], Freyhof & Özuluğ 2010:244 [ref. 31039], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Küçük & Güçlü 2014:58 [ref. 33321], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2016:287 [ref. 34910], Çiçek et al. 2020:252 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:461 [ref. 40601], Çiçek et al. 2023:405 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:30 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Pseudophoxinus kervillei (Pellegrin 1911). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Orontes River basin (Israel, Syria,Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. ketmaieri, Phoxinus Bianco [P. G.] & De Bonis [S.] 2015:6, Figs. 8-10 [Researches on Wildlife Conservation v. 4; ref. 34040] Krk Island, Baska brook at Baska draga, Croatia. Holotype: IZA 8823-1. Paratypes: IZA. •Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840) -- (Palandačić et al. 2017:13 [ref. 35519]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus lumaireul (Schinz 1840). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. keumkang, Moroco Chyung [M.-K.] (ex Uchida) 1977:184, Pls. 97 (figs. 1-6), 98 (figs. 1-4) [Fishes of Korea, with pictorial key and systematic list; ref. 26571] Korea. No types known. Authorship and earlier appearance of name are still being researched; appeared only as Moroco sp. in Uchida 1939:314 [ref. 22758], Chyung 1954:110 [ref. 26572], and Chyung 1961:200 [ref. 26588], then as Moroco keumkang Uchida in Chyung 1977:184 [ref. 26571] with description and figures (mostly taken from Uchida 1939). See also the account for Phoxinus kumgangensis Kim 1980. •Valid as Phoxinus keumkang (Chyung 1977) -- (Luo in Chen et al. 1998:84 [ref. 23878] as kumkang, Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477] as kumkang). •Valid as Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: Han River drainage, Korea and ? China. Habitat: freshwater. kietaibeli, Cyprinus Reisinger [J.] 1830:77 [Specimen ichthyologiae sistens pisces aquarium dulcium Hungariae; ref. 18620] Lake Balaton, Hungary. No types known. •Mentioned as kittaibeli by Valenciennes 1844:380 [ref. 1010]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. kinzelbachi, Chondrostoma Krupp [F.] 1985:27, Fig. 1 [Senckenbergiana Biologica v. 66 (nos 1/3); ref. 6394] Tributary of Karasu Çayi near Tahtaköprü dam, Turkey, 36°52'N, 36°40'E. Holotype: SMF 17127. Paratypes: SMF 17128-30 (5, 12, 12). •Valid as Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp 1985 -- (Elvira 1991:150 [ref. 20036], Bogutskaya 1997:151 [ref. 23277], Bogutskaya 1997:170 [ref. 23566], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Fricke et al. 2007:36 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Küçük et al. 2017:802 [ref. 35091], Bayçelebi 2020:756 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725], Çiçek et al. 2023:396 [ref. 40625], Küçük et al. 2023:3 [ref. 39929], Saad et al. 2023:29 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma kinzelbachi Krupp 1985. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor, Middle East: Orontes River basin (Turkey and Syria). Habitat: freshwater. kirgisorum, Leuciscus leuciscus baicalensis natio Berg [L. S.] 1912:112, Pl. 1 (fig. 3) [v. 3 (pt 1); ref. 5874] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Chu and Nura rivers. Perhaps dates to a later work, such asTurdakov 1954;115 [ref. 26732] where the name was teated as a subspecies. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies baicalensis (Dybowski 1874) -- (Berg 1949:547 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. kittaibeli, Cyprinus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1844:380 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 17; ref. 1010] Not available; mention and incorrect subsequent spelling of kietaibeli Reisinger 1830, an apparently overlooked available name. Misspelling. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. klamathensis, Agosia Evermann [B. W.] & Meek [S. E.] 1898:74, Fig. 5 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 17 (art. 2) [1897]; ref. 14683] Mouth of small creek flowing into Pelican Bay, arm of upper Klamath Lake, Klamath County, Oregon, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 48225. Paratypes: CAS-SU 5704 (missing); USNM 48231 (orig. 49, now 39), 125012 [ex USFC 451] (38). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:99-100 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898) -- (Gilbert 1998:99-100 [ref. 23395], Moyle 2002:161 [ref. 26449], Scharpf 2005:39 [ref. 28940]). •Valid as Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898) -- (Moyle et al. 2023:525 [ref. 40044]). Current status: Valid as Rhinichthys klamathensis (Evermann & Meek 1898). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Klamath, Warner and Sacramento watersheds, Oregan and California, U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. kleweza, Cyprinus Güldenstädt [J. A. von] 1791:86 [Reisen durch Rußland und im Kaukasischen Gebürge; ref. 18175] Solotaja Kossa [Zolotaya Kosa], about 22 kilometers south-southwest of Taganrog Oblast, Russia, Sea of Azov. Name only, not available. •In the synonymy of Abramis sapa (Pallas 1814) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:55 [ref. 23589]). •In the synonymy of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814) Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Ballerus sapa (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. knerii, Chondrostomus Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1030 [40] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Neretva [Narenta River], Dalmatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Syntypes: NMW 52265 (2), 52269-71 (2, 2, 2), 52280-81 (2, 2); SMF 136 [ex NMW] (1). On p. 40 of separate [ref. 2067]. •Valid as Chondrostoma knerii Heckel 1843 -- (Mrakovcic et al. 1995:184 [ref. 23079] as kneri, Elvira 1987:121 [ref. 6743], Elvira 1991:149 [ref. 20036], Kottelat 1997:54 [ref. 22952], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Zupančič 2008:27 [ref. 29926], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:184 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Ćaleta et al. 2015:53 [ref. 34877], Ćaleta et al. 2019:158 [ref. 37026], Tutman et al. 2019:148 [ref. 36779]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma knerii Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Neretva River basin (Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina). Habitat: freshwater. knezevici, Scardinius Bianco [P. G.] & Kottelat [M.] 2005:232, Fig. 2 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 16 (no. 3); ref. 28332] Lake Skadar, near bridge crossing branch of lake, near Vranjina village, at former Podgorica Univ. Ichthyological station, Republic of Montenegro. Holotype: IZA 0410A. Paratypes: CMK 17434 (1); IZA 0410B (11), 046 (3), 00137 (2), 85483 (4), 0432 (1); MNHN 1977-283 (2). •Valid as Scardinius knezevici Bianco & Kottelat 2005 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:254 [ref. 29996]). Current status: Valid as Scardinius knezevici Bianco & Kottelat 2005. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Lake Skadar and Lake Ohrid: Macedonia, Albania and Montenegro. Habitat: freshwater. knipowitschi, Rutilus rutilus caspicus natio Pravdin [I. F.] 1927:82 [Collection of papers in honor of Prof. Knipowitsch; ref. 15875] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Astrabad Bay, se. Caspian Sea, Iran. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:528 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. koelzi, Margariscus margarita Hubbs [C. L.] & Lagler [K. F.] 1949:112, Pl. 2 ( fig. 1) [Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science Arts and Letters v. 33; ref. 10885] Harvey Lake, Isle Royale, Keweenaw County, Lake Superior, Michigan, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 100010. Paratypes: UMMZ 100011 (35), 144473 (12). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Semotilus margarita (Cope 1867), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Scott & Crossman 1998:516 [ref. 24570]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867), subspecies nachtriebi (Cox 1896) -- (Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867) but a valid subspecies -- (Scharpf 2005:24 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Margariscus margarita (Cope 1867). Leuciscidae: Plagopterinae. Habitat: freshwater. kosswigi, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Bayçelebi [E.], Bektaş [Y.] & Ekmekçi [F. G.] 2017:573, Figs. 2f, 5 [Zootaxa 4242 (no. 3); ref. 35182] Stream Porsuk about 3 km south of Hacıazizler, Kütahya Province, southern Black Sea basin, Turkey, 39°20'59"N, 30°02'17"E. Holotype: FFR 01064. Paratypes: FFR. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:414 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides kosswigi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36267], Turan & Kaya 2019:40 [ref. 36695], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Turan et al. 2019:207 [ref. 37022], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kaya 2020:420 [ref. 37444], Çiçek et al. 2023:385 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides kosswigi Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Sakarya River drainage, southern Black Sea basin and Ilgin Lake basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. kosswigi, Alburnus Battalgil [F.] 1941:180 [Revue de la Faculté des Sciences de l'Université d'Instanbul, Série B: Sciences Naturelles v. 6 (nos 1-2); ref. 13194] Çubuk baraj, Ankara, Turkey. •Synonym of Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165 [ref. 23566]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus escherichii Steindachner 1897. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. kosswigi, Leuciscus Karaman [M. S.] 1972:146, Fig. 12 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 69; ref. 2561] Gumuldur [Gümüldür], south from Izmir, Turkey. Holotype: ZMH H4555. Paratypes: ZMH H4556 (2). Type catalog: Wilkens 1977:158 [ref. 22013]. •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). •Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius kosswigi (Karaman 1972). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributary, Izmir Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. kotschyi, Alburnus Steindachner [F.] 1863:193 [Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften v. 48 (1. Abth.); ref. 18754] Arsuz [Arsus], Hatay Province, Turkey, Mediterranean watershed. Neotype: IUSHM 37900-253. Types lost at NMW. Neotype designated by Freyhof et al. 2018:575 [ref. 35814]. •Status uncertain -- (Bogutskaya 1997:165, 167 [ref. 23566]). •Probably a synonym of Alburnus caeruleus Heckel 1843 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2000:55 [ref. 24445]). •Probably not in the genus Alburnus -- (Özuluğ & Freyhof 2008:310 [ref. 29389]). •Valid as Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner 1863 -- (Fricke et al. 2007:30 [ref. 29533], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:575 [ref. 35814], Bayçelebi 2020:753 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:391 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus kotschyi Steindachner 1863. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Mediterranean Sea tributaries, Hatay Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. kottelati, Squalius Turan [D.], Yilmaz [B. T.] & Kaya [C.] 2009:54, Figs. 1, 2b [Zootaxa No. 2270; ref. 30540] Tahtaköprü Reservoir, Orontes River drainage, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Holotype: FFR 1991. Paratypes: FFR 768 (5), 769 (5), 1567 (13). Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:421 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya 2009 -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:322 [ref. 32584], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Çiçek et al. 2018:15 [ref. 36267], Bayçelebi 2020:757 [ref. 37964], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Squalius kottelati Turan, Yilmaz & Kaya 2009. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Asi Nehri tributary [Orontes] (Mediterranean tributary), Gaziantep Province (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. krbavensis, Phoxinellus Zupančič [P.] & Bogutskaya [N. G.] 2002:424, Figs. 3-8 [Natura Croatica v. 11 (no. 4); ref. 26818] Source in Vukova Pecina cave, at Krbava, Croatia. Holotype: CNHM 5484. Paratypes: CNHM 5485-90 (6); 5491-92 (2), 5493 (1); PZC (pers. coll.) (9, 13, 1, 1); ZISP 52613 (8) •Valid as Phoxinellus krbavensis Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002 -- (Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2003:374 [ref. 27407]). •Valid as Delminichthys krbavensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002) -- (Freyhof et al. 2006:422 [ref. 28484], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:193 [ref. 29996], Zupančič 2008:32 [ref. 29926], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Bogutskaya et al. 2012:54 [ref. 32007], Ćaleta et al. 2015:24 [ref. 34877], Mustafić et al. 2017:261 [ref. 35274], Ćaleta et al. 2019:160 [ref. 37026]). Current status: Valid as Delminichthys krbavensis (Zupančič & Bogutskaya 2002). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: Krbavsko Polje karst region (Croatia). Habitat: freshwater. krkae, Phoxinus Bogutskaya [N. G.], Jelić [D.], Vucić [M.], Jelić [M,], Diripasko [O. A.], Stefanov [T.] & Klobučar [G.] 2019:4, Figs. 3-4 [Journal of Fish Biology v. 96 (no. 2); ref. 37234] Radljevac stream at Radljevac, Plavno, Krka drainage, Croatia, 44°06'22.6"N, 16°10'47.6"E, elevation about 200 meters. Holotype: MNW 99380 [ex HDBI 824]. Paratypes: HDBI, NMW. •Valid as Phoxinus krkae Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar 2019. Current status: Valid as Phoxinus krkae Bogutskaya, Jelić, Vucić, Jelić, Diripasko, Stefanov & Klobučar 2019. Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: upper Krka River drainage, Knin Valley, Croatia. Habitat: freshwater. kubanicum, Chondrostoma colchicum Berg [L. S.] 1914:384, Figs. 38-40 [ ref. 274] Kuban River near Armawir and Laba River near Labinskaja, Black Sea basin. Syntypes: ZIN 15297-99 (5, 11, 8) Kuban R. Original not seen. See Bogutskaya 1998:60 [ref. 23589]. •Synonym of Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899 -- (Elvira 1991:148 [ref. 20036]). •Synonym of Chondrostoma colchicum Derjugin 1899, but a valid subspecies as described -- (Berg 1949:628 [ref. 20661], Elvira 1987:118 [ref. 6743], Bogutskaya 1997:169 [ref. 23566], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:736 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg 1914 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:83 [ref. 28183], Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:184 [ref. 29996], Dyldin et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[31] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Chondrostoma kubanicum Berg 1914. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Kuban River, drainage, Black Sea basin, northwestern Caucasus (Russia). Habitat: freshwater. kubanicus, Alburnoides Bănărescu [P. M.] 1964 Kuban River drainages, Russia. Syntypes: [not listed originally] ZIN 15289 (6), 15292 (1), 15306 (12), 15307 (4), 15307a (1). See Ŝanda & Mlíkovský 2012:87 [ref. 32221]. Still researching. •In the synonymy of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) subspecies rossicus Berg 1924 -- (Berg 1949:757 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Alburnoides kubanicus Berg 1932 [sic] -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:72 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:138 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109]). •Valid as Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964 -- (Sanda & Mlíkovský 2012:87 [ref. 32221], Turan et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33119], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Dyldin et al. 2020:111 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[28] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Kuban River and its tributaries (Laba, Labenok), Krasnodar Krai, South Federal District, northwestern Caucasus (Russia), Habitat: freshwater. kubanicus, Alburnoides bipunctatus rossicus natio Berg [L. S.] 1933:150 [Zoogeographica, Jena v. 1 (no. 2, art. 6); ref. 21141] Kuban River drainages, Russia. Syntypes: [not listed originally] ZIN 15289 (6), 15292 (1), 15306 (12), 15307 (4), 15307a (1). Also in Berg 1933:803 [ref. 5569] where localities and specimens are given. Not available as above, infrasubspecific; from Laba R. and Kuban River, s. Russia; but treated as available by Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:72 [ref. 30264]. The name actually dates to Bănărescu 1964 -- see Ŝanda & Mlíkovský 2012:87 [ref. 32221]. •In the synonymy of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) subspecies rossicus Berg 1924 -- (Berg 1949:757 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Alburnoides bipunctatus (Bloch 1782) -- (Kottelat 1997:44 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:56 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Alburnoides kubanicus Berg 1932 [sic] -- (Coad & Bogutskaya 2009:72 [ref. 30264], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:138 [ref. 30270], Bogutskaya et al. 2010:467 [ref. 31109]). •Synonym of Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964 -- (Sanda & Mlíkovský 2012:87 [ref. 32221], Turan et al. 2014:101 [ref. 33119]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnoides kubanicus Bănărescu 1964. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. kuldschiensis, Phoxinus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1887:690 [Mélanges biologiques v. 12; ref. 13838] Lake Balkhash, Kazakhstan. Syntypes: ZIN 7785 (1). •Synonym of Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879 -- (Berg 1905:141 [ref. 15338]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus poljakowii Kessler 1879. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. kumbashensis, Alburnus alburnus hohenackeri natio Petrov [V. V.] 1926:154 [24] [Izvestiya Bakinskoi ikhtiologicheskoi laboratorii Baku v. 2 (no. 1); ref. 19611] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Kumba-shinka River, near Lernkoran, Azerbaijan. Possibly also spelled kumbaschensis. •In the synonymy of Alburnus charusini Herzenstein 1889, subspecies hohenackeri Kessler 1877 -- (Berg 1949:751 [ref. 20661]). •In the synonymy of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Coad 1995:11 [ref. 23608]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. kumgangensis, Phoxinus Kim [L. T.] 1980:27 [Engl. p. 29], Fig. 1 [Science Report (North Korea); ref. 24136] Upper stream of the River Taedong-gang, Daeheung-town, Daeheung-County, Korea. Holotype: CMIZASDPRK 61-1033. Paratypes: CMIZASDPRK 61-1034 (1), 61-1035 (1). Spelled kuemganensis, kumganensis, and keumgang in literature. Apparently a separate description of and synonym of Moroco keumkang Chyung 1977:184 [ref. 26571], which is an available name. •Valid as Phoxinus kumgangensis Kim 1980 -- (Choi et al. 2003:157, 515 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris kumgangensis (Kim 1980) -- (Kim 1997:263 [ref. 24032], Kim & Park 2002:172 [ref. 25913], Jang et al. 2003:119 [ref. 27681], Byeon 2016:746 [ref. 39871], Lee & Sim 2017:6 [ref. 35390]). •Synonym of Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Current status: Synonym of Rhynchocypris keumkang (Chyung 1977). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater. kurensis, Pelecus cultratus Smirnov [A. N.] 1943:89 [Izvestija Azerbajdzanskogo Filiala = Azäbaj'gan Filiali häbärläri / Akademija Nauk SSSR. v. 5; ref. 23638] Kura River basin. No types known. •Synonym of Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Esmaeili et al. 2017:53 [ref. 35254], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:140 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. kurensis, Rutilus rutilus caspicus natio Berg [L. S.] 1932:323 [Les poissons des eaux douces de l'U.R.S.S. Part 1; ref. 278] Not available, infrasubspecific; from Kura River, Azerbaijan. •In the synonymy of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:527 [ref. 20661], Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:81 [ref. 22952]). •Wrongly as a synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies kurensis Berg 1932 -- (Ninua & Japoshvili 2008:167 [ref. 31251]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. kurui, Alburnoides Turan [D.], Kaya [C.], Bayçelebi [E.], Bektaş [Y.] & Ekmekçi [F. G.] 2017:567, Figs. 2a, 3 [Zootaxa 4242 (no. 3); ref. 35182] Stream Tifi at Gökçebayır, Ordu Province, southern Black Sea basin, Turkey, 40°47'57"N, 36°43'50"E. Holotype: FFR 01041. Paratypes: FFR. Type catalog: Kaya et al. 2021:416 [ref. 38688]. •Valid as Alburnoides kurui Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017 -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:8 [ref. 36267], Bektaş et al. 2019:[9] [ref. 36964], Turan et al. 2019:207 [ref. 37022], Çiçek et al. 2020:250 [ref. 37644], Kaya 2020:420 [ref. 37444], Çiçek et al. 2023:385 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnoides kurui Turan, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Bektaş & Ekmekçi 2017. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Yeşilırmak River drainage, southern Black Sea basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. kurui, Alburnus Mangit [F.] & Yerli [S. V.] 2018:303, Fig. 6 [Hydrobiologia v. 807 (no. 1); ref. 35640] Dalaman River, 4 km SE of Ortaca, 1 km W of bridge D400, Mugla, Turkey, 36°48.880'N, 28°47.607'E. Holotype: HUSal 480301. Paratypes: HUSal. [HUSal = ??] Dates to the printed edition, published in Jan. 2018, but the authors did not indicate the location of the types, so the description is not available [ICZN Art. 16.4.2], see Freyhof et al. 2019:594 [ref. 36482]. If available, then secondarily preoccupied in Alburnus, replaced by Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2018. •In the synonymy of Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019 -- (Freyhof et al. 2019:594 [ref. 36482]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus carianorum Freyhof, Kaya, Bayçelebi, Geiger & Turan 2019. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. kurui, Leuciscus Bogutskaya [N. G.] 1995:150, Fig. 1 [Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut v. 92; ref. 23567] Yüksekova süyü in Upper Tigris River [Dicle Nehri] basin, east of Hakkâri, Hakkâri Province, southeastern Turkey. Holotype: ZMH 7361. Paratypes: ZMH 8413 (3). •Valid as Leuciscus kurui Bogutskaya 1995 -- (Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566]). •Valid as Squalius kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Turan et al. 2009:60 [ref. 30540]). •Valid as Petroleuciscus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Bogutskaya 2002:236 [ref. 26837], Fricke et al. 2007:43 [ref. 29533], Coad & Bogutskaya 2010:37 [ref. 30930], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Çiçek et al. 2015:146 [ref. 35151], Mohammadian-Kalat et al. 2017:487 [ref. 35603], Turan et al. 2018:[11] [ref. 35758]). •Valid as Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995) -- (Çiçek et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36267], Freyhof et al. 2018:115 [ref. 35889], Çiçek et al. 2020:251 [ref. 37644], Çiçek et al. 2023:392 [ref. 40625]). Current status: Valid as Alburnus kurui (Bogutskaya 1995). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor: Yüksekova wetland, upper Tigris River basin (Turkey). Habitat: freshwater. kuschakewitschi, Acanthobrama Kessler [K. F.] 1872:64 [20], Pl. 11 (figs. 28-29) [Izvestiia Imperatorskago Obschchestva Liubitelei Estestvozaniia, Antropologii i Etnografii v. 10 (no. 1); ref. 14134] Khodzhent [Leninabad], Tajikistan. Syntypes: BMNH 1897.7.5.35-36 [ex ZIN] (2); NMW 55343-44 (1, 1); none at ZIN. On p. 20 of separate. •Valid as Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872), as a valid subspecies kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872) -- (Mitrofanov et al. 1988:172 [ref. 37734]). •Should be investigated as Acanthobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872) -- (Freyhof & Özulug 2014:9 [ref. 33504]). •Valid as Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872) -- (Berg 1949:799 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:9 [ref. 22348], Çiçek et al. 2023:35 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Capoetobrama kuschakewitschi (Kessler 1872). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia. Habitat: freshwater. kutum, Leuciscus frisii var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:23 [German p. 154], Pl. 12 [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Southern Caspian Sea and tributaries. Syntypes: ?ZMT, none at ZIN. •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Kazanskii 1928:13 [ref. 14268], Berg 1949:534 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:72 [ref. 37731], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:741 [ref. 24702]). •Valid as Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), but a valid subspecies as described -- (Coad 1995:20 [ref. 23608], Parin et al. 2014:91 [ref. 33547]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840), subspecies caspius (Lönnberg 1900) -- (Bogutskaya 1997:178 [ref. 23566]). •Questionably in the synonymy of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Rutilus frisii (Nordmann 1840) -- (Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589]). •Valid as Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901) -- (Bogutskaya & Iliadou 2006:294 [ref. 28494], Fricke et al. 2007:46 [ref. 29533], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:879 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:56 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:36 [ref. 36089], Dyldin et al. 2020:81, 105 [ref. 37569], Kaya et al. 2020:328 [ref. 37582], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rutilus kutum (Kamensky 1901). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Caspian Sea basin. Habitat: freshwater. labrosus, Ceratichthys Cope [E. D.] 1870:458 [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 11 (no. 84); ref. 913] Upper waters of Catawba River (Santee River system), McDowell and Burke counties, North Carolina, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2045. Paralectotypes: ANSP 2041-43 (3), 2044 (1), 2046 (1), 2047-2054 (8). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Jenkins & Lachner in Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042]. •Valid as Hybopsis labrosa (Cope 1870) -- (Gilbert 1978:91 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:189 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:162 [ref. 18983]). •Valid as Cyprinella labrosa (Cope 1870) -- (Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:350 [ref. 21581], Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:248 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella labrosa (Cope 1870). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina (eastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. lacertosus, Hybopsis Cope [E. D.] 1868:232 [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 6 (pt 3) (art. 5); ref. 909] Bear Creek, tributary to middle fork of Holston River, Virginia, U.S.A. Lectotype: ANSP 2835 (partly decomposed). Paralectotypes: (should be 3) ANSP 2836-39 (4). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621] as holotype and paratypes, Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]. Lectotype established by Fowler 1910:285 [ref. 19840]. •Synonym of Notropis chrysocephalus (Rafinesque 1820) -- (Gilbert 1964:158 [ref. 12397], Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820, subspecies chrysocephalus -- (Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Luxilus chrysocephalus Rafinesque 1820. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. laconicus, Pseudophoxinus Kottelat [M.] & Barbieri [R.] 2004:148, Fig. 1 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 15 (no. 2); ref. 27797] Vivari springs, about 2 kilometers west of Selasia, off road Sparti-Tripoli at kilometer 12, 37°10'05"N, 22°22'27"E, Lakonias District, Peloponnese, Greece. Holotype: MHNG 2643.84. Paratypes: CMK 17010 (1), 17306 (20), 17317 (23), 17320 (54), 17361 (18); MHNG 2643.85 (10); NCMR 1071 (108), 1198 (10), 1464 (92); ZIN 52878 (3). •Valid as Pseudophoxinus laconicus Kottelat & Barbieri 2004 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2006:336 [ref. 29055]). •Valid as Pelasgus laconicus (Kottelat & Barbieri 2004) -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:104 [ref. 29197], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:215 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:16 [ref. 31802], Barbieri et al. 2015:57 [ref. 35029], Rodríguez et al. 2021:4 [ref. 38588], Tsaparis et al. 2021:[4] [ref. 38151]). Current status: Valid as Pelasgus laconicus (Kottelat & Barbieri 2004). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southeastern Europe: southern Peloponnes (Greece). Habitat: freshwater. lacustris, Alburnus lucidus var. Heckel [J. J.] & Kner [R.] 1857:134 [Die Süsswasserfische der Österreichischen Monarchie; ref. 2078] Lakes Neusiedler and Platten [Balaton], Austria and Hungary. No types known. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:746 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. lacustris, Algansea Steindachner [F.] in Therese von Bayern [Princess Maria Elisabeth] & Steindachner 1895:166 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 32 (no. 17); ref. 14588] Lake Pátzcuaro, Michoacan, Mexico. Holotype (unique): ZSM [old collection] destroyed in WWII. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395], Neumann 2006:272 [ref. 28925]. •Valid as Algansea lacustris Steindachner 1895 -- (Espinosa Pérez et al. 1993:10 [ref. 22290], Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:68 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:10 [ref. 28940], Miller 2006:105 [ref. 28615], Pérez-Rodríguez et al. 2009:488 [ref. 30469], Page et al. 2013:68 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Algansea lacustris Steindachner 1895. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southern North America: Lake Pátzcuaro (Michoacán, Mexico). Habitat: freshwater. lacustris, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1814:314 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Siberia, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758), but a valid subspecies -- (Berg 1949:499 [ref. 20661], Mitrofanov et al. 1987:13 [ref. 37731], Zhu 1995:29 [ref. 25213], Chereshnev 1996:601 [ref. 24659], Bogutskaya 1997:179 [ref. 23566], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:89 [ref. 23878], Sideleva 2001:50 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:8 [ref. 27815]). •Synonym of Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:70 [ref. 23589], Kottelat 2006:49 [ref. 28831], Parin et al. 2014:92 [ref. 33547]). •Valid as Rutilus rutilus (Pallas 1814), subspecies lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477]). •Valid as Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814) -- (Levin et al. 2017:44 [ref. 35061], Esmaeili et al. 2018:35 [ref. 36089], Kuljanishvili et al. 2020:[6] [ref. 37535], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:144 [ref. 37983], Pozdeev et al. 2022:5 [ref. 39511], Dyldin et al. 2023:[34] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Rutilus lacustris (Pallas 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eurasia: Ponto-Caspian basin to Siberia. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. lacustris, Hemiplus Rafinesque [C. S.] 1820:6 [Annals of nature, annual synopsis v. 1; ref. 3591] Lake George, Lake Saratoga, and Lake Champlain, U.S.A. No types known. Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814) -- (Smith 1986:133 [ref. 22186], La Rivers 1994:421 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Notemigonus crysoleucas (Mitchill 1814). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. laetabilis, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:200 [36] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Hurah Creek (a tributary to Pecos River), about 10 miles northeast of Santa Rosa, Guadalupe County, New Mexico, U.S.A. Syntypes: ANSP 3029 (1), MCZ 1691 (1), USNM 120 (10+, now 0, 1 set of pharyngeal arches as # 2705). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]. On p. 36 of separate. •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:50 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) subspecies lutrensis -- (Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. laevis, Phoxinus Fitzinger [L. J. F. J.] (ex Agassiz) 1832:337 [Beiträge zur Landeskunde Österreichs unter der Enns, Wien v. 1; ref. 5019] Unneeded new name for Cyprinus phoxinus Linnaeus 1758. •Objective synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:74 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:68 [ref. 23589], Sideleva 2001:51 [ref. 26181], Sideleva 2003:9 [ref. 27815], Vassilev & Pehlivanov 2005:170 [ref. 28369], Parin et al. 2014:86 [ref. 33547], Denys et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37846]). Current status: Synonym of Phoxinus phoxinus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Phoxininae. Habitat: freshwater. lagowskii, Phoxinus Dybowski [B. N.] 1869:952, Pl. 15 (fig. 4) [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 19; ref. 1169] Onon and Ingoda rivers, Amur River basin, Russia. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. For remarks on systematics see Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831]. •Synonym of Rhynchocypris steindachneri (Sauvage 1883) -- (Kim 1997:555 [ref. 24032]). •Synonym of Phoxinus steindachneri Sauvage 1883 -- (Choi et al. 2003:516 [ref. 26218]). •Valid as Lagowskiella lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Howes 1985:62 [ref. 5274]). •Valid as Phoxinus lagowskii Dybowski 1869 -- (Berg 1949:582 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:26 [ref. 13497], Ding 1994:142 [ref. 21531], Zhu 1995:30 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:18 [ref. 22798], Chereshnev 1996:600 [ref. 24659], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:67 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:85 [ref. 23878], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Wang et al. 2001:83 [ref. 26566], Shedko & Shedko 2003:322 [ref. 27966], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:94 [ref. 28183]). •Valid as Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869) -- (Kottelat 2006:48 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:44 [ref. 28933], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:55 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:664 [ref. 34853], Dyldin et al. 2021:25 [ref. 38804], Dyldin & Orlov 2021:67 [ref. 38158], Dyldin et al. 2023:[26] [ref. 40328]). Current status: Valid as Rhynchocypris lagowskii (Dybowski 1869). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Distribution: East Asia: Mongolia, Russia, China and Japan (but see Parin et al. 2014:89 [ref. 33547]). Habitat: freshwater. laietanus, Squalius Doadrio [I.], Kottelat [M.] & de Sostoa [A.] 2007:249, Figs. 1-3, 4b [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29342] River Matarraña at Nonaspe, close to confluence with Ebro, 41°12'31.34"N, 0°15'34.02"E, Ebro drainage, Teruel Province, Spain. Holotype: MNCN 255486. Paratypes: CMK 17564 (7); MNCN 255457-480, 255482-85, 255487-494 (36), 255501-04 (4), MNCN uncat. (2). Plus non-type material. •Valid as Squalius laietanus Doadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:267 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Perea et al. 2010:13 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:108 [ref. 31360], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174]). Current status: Valid as Squalius laietanus Doadrio, Kottelat & de Sostoa 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Ebro River basin, Spain and France. Habitat: freshwater. lancastriensis, Cyprinus Shaw [G.] 1804:234 [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Mersey River near Warrington, England. No types known. Based on literature source. •Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:68 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. lanceolatus, Cyprinus Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.] 1801:446 [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Lakes of Insubria, northern Italy. No types known. Based on Scopoli 1786:73. Treated as a nomen oblitum -- see Kottelat & Bianco 2005:180 [ref. 28261]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:45 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841) -- (Kottelat & Bianco 2005:180 [ref. 28261]). Nomen Oblitum. Current status: Synonym of Alburnus arborella (Bonaparte 1841). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. lapacinus, Leuciscus Stefani [R.], Serra [G. P.], Loffredo [F.] & Fossa [I.] 1987:15, Pls. 1, 2 (fig. 2) [Atti del Regio Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti v. 145; ref. 17733] Southern Croce Lake, Alpago, Italy. Holotype: IZUCS. Paratypes: IZUCS (11). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Leuciscus cephalus -- (Bianco 1988:152 [ref. 22383], Kottelat 1997:184 [ref. 22952], Bianco & Delmastro 2011:4 [ref. 31648]). •Hybrid between Alburnus alburnus x Squalius cephalus. Hybrid. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. lapponicus, Leuciscus idus var. Günther [A.] 1868:230 [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 7; ref. 1990] Munio River, Sweden and Finland. Syntypes: (at least 6) BMNH. •Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:67 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus idus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. lariversi, Rhinichthys Lugaski [T.] 1972:2, Fig. 1A [Occasional Papers of the Biological Society of Nevada No. 30; ref. 17348] Charnock Springs, in Big Smoky Valley, Nye County, Nevada, U.S.A. Holotype: UNR (= UNRB) 14401. Paratypes: UNR (= UNRB) 13658 (41). •Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856), but a valid subspecies -- (Gilbert 1998:100 [ref. 23395], Scharpf 2005:39 [ref. 28940]). Current status: Synonym of Rhinichthys osculus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Nevada, U.S.A. [subspecies lariversi]. Habitat: freshwater. lascha, Leuciscus Costa [O. G.] 1838:Cyprinoides p. 19, Pl. 16 [Fauna del regno di Napoli Part 1; ref. 976] Italy. Syntypes: MNHN 0194 (1) Lake Fucino, near Naples. Type catalog: Bertin & Estève 1948:58 [ref. 19574], Almaça 1969:1118-1119 [ref. 20712]. •Synonym of Rutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837) -- (Bianco & Taraborelli 1985:136 [ref. 21914], Kottelat 1997:80 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Current status: Synonym of Sarmarutilus rubilio (Bonaparte 1837). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. laskyr, Cyprinus Güldenstädt [J. A. von] in Pallas 1814:326 [Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica v. 3; ref. 3351] Lower Tanai and Lipewiza River, Voronicensis, Russia. No types known. •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Berg 1949:763 [ref. 20661], Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952], Bogutskaya 1998:58 [ref. 23589], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. lateralis, Mylocheilus Agassiz [L.] & Pickering [C.] in Agassiz 1855:231 [46] [American Journal of Science and Arts (Series 2) v. 19 (no. 56); ref. 5839] Columbia River at Fort Vancouver, Clark County, southern Washington, U.S.A. Agassiz specimens (non-types): USNM 212 (3, + 2 arches), 213 (15). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395]. On p. 46 of separate. •Synonym of Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836) -- (Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:427 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Mylocheilus caurinus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. lateralis, Richardsonius Girard [C. F.] 1856:202 [38] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Fort Steilacoom, Puget Sound, southern end of Puget Sound, just southwest of Tacoma, Pierce County, Washington, U.S.A. Syntypes: MCZ 1956 [ex USNM 64] (1), MNHN 0000-0381 [ex USNM 64] (1), USNM 64 (orig. 4, now 3, plus 2 pharyngeal arches as # 2671). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395]. On p. 38 of separate. •Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836) -- (La Rivers 1994:403 [ref. 23389], Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395], Scott & Crossman 1998:504 [ref. 24570]). Current status: Synonym of Richardsonius balteatus (Richardson 1836). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. lateristriga, Alburnus alborella var. Canestrini [G.] 1864:103 [Archivio per la Zoologia, l'Anatomia e la Fisiologia v. 3 (no. 1); ref. 13926] Castelfranco, Bolognese, Italy. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758), subspecies alborella De Filippi 1844 -- (Bianco 1980:36 [ref. 20633]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. lateristriga, Squalius leuciscus var. Fatio [V.] 1882:603 [Faune des Vertébrés de la Suisse Part 1; ref. 1308] Infrasubspecific, not available; from Rhine R. at Bâle, Switzerland. •In the synonymy of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:69 [ref. 22952]). Infrasubspecific. Current status: Synonym of Leuciscus leuciscus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. latifrons, Alburnus hohenackeri var. Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:111 [German p. 187] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Sunzha River, northern Caucausus. Syntypes: ?ZMT, none at ZIN. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. latifrons, Leuciscus Herzenstein [S. M.] 1883:244 [Essays north-western Mongoloa v. 3; ref. 20280] Not seen. Nomen nudum; from Mongolia. •In the synonymy of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879) -- (Kottelat 2006:44 [ref. 28831]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Oreoleuciscus potanini (Kessler 1879). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. latifrons, Leuciscus Nilsson [S.] 1855:309 [Skandinavisk fauna; ref. 3205] Sweden; Finland. Syntypes: NRM (not found). •Synonym of Leuciscus cephalus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:65 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Squalius cephalus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. latior, Alburnus lucidus var. Walecki [A.] 1863:342, 358 [Biblioteka Warszawska, Wiadomosci Z Nauk [Science News] v. 4; ref. 22954] Regarded as infrasubspecific and unavailable by Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952] but is not infrasubspecific. Unneeded new name for Alburnus lucidus var. lacustris Heckel & Kner 1858 (part) and Alburnus breviceps Heckel & Kner 1858 (part). Also in Walecki 1864:53 [ref. 22969]. •Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:46 [ref. 22952]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus alburnus (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. latissimus, Alburnus Kamensky [S. N.] 1901:120 [German p. 191] [Die Cypriniden der Kaukasusländer und ihrer angrenzenden Meere. 2.; ref. 14761] Mouth of Kura River, Caspian Sea basin, Azerbaijan. Holotype (unique): ?ZMT (not at ZIN). •Synonym of Chalcalburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Coad 1995:15 [ref. 23608], Kottelat 1997:53 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:126 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Alburnus chalcoides (Güldenstädt 1772). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. latus, Ciprinus Dralet [É.-F.] 1821:25 [Considérations sur l'histoire naturelle des poissons, sur la pêche et les lois qui la régissent.; ref. 17418] No locality. No types known. Based on Rondelet. •Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Current status: Synonym of Abramis brama (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater. latus, Cyprinus Gmelin [J. F.] 1789:1438 [Caroli a Linné ... Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 3); ref. 18139] Germany; France; Belgium. Based on literature sources. •Synonym of Abramis bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Kottelat 1997:42 [ref. 22952]). •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:133 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. latus, Cyprinus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:179 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] European lakes. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.146 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:211 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758) -- (Wheeler 1958:211 [ref. 13434], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:134 [ref. 37983]). Current status: Synonym of Blicca bjoerkna (Linnaeus 1758). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. latus, Squalius Keyserling [E. von] 1861:21 [24], Pl. 9 [Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften v. 17 (no. 1); ref. 2601] Heri Rud River near Herat, Afghanistan. Holotype (unique): No types saved. •Possibly a subspecies of Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608]). •Valid as Leuciscus latus (Keyserling 1861) -- (Berg 1949:549 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608] with question, Coad 1996:71 [ref. 25297], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Coad & Abdoli 2000:56 [ref. 25296], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:874 [ref. 34062], Esmaeili et al. 2017:50 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:30 [ref. 36089]). •Valid as Squalius latus Keyserling 1861 -- (Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:148 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:37 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Squalius latus Keyserling 1861. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Middle East and South Asia: Hari River basin (Afghanistan and Iran). Habitat: freshwater. laurae, Parexoglossum Hubbs [C. L.] 1931:7, Fig. 1; Pls. 1 (2), 2 (1, 2) [Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology University of Michigan No. 234; ref. 2241] Second Creek, tributary to Greenbrier River, near Greenbrier, Monroe County, West Virginia, U.S.A. Holotype: UMMZ 92413. Paratypes: ANSP 1377-78 (1, 1), 1383-89 (7), 1615-68 (53); UMMZ 92665-68 (3, 1, 2, 1); USNM 58781 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:80 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Exoglossum laurae (Hubbs 1931) -- (Lee et al. 1980:157 [ref. 22416], Smith 1986:129 [ref. 22186], Page & Burr 1991:98 [ref. 18983], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:313 [ref. 21581], Stauffer et al. 1995:84 [ref. 23376], Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:71 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:70 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:17 [ref. 28940], Page & Burr 2011:203 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Exoglossum laurae (Hubbs 1931). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Eastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. ledae, Leuciscus Warpachowski [N. A.] 1892:151, Fig. 4 [Vestnik Rybopromyshlennosti St. Petersburg v. 7 (no. 4); ref. 19484] Vladivostok, Russia. Holotype (unique): ZIN 9222. •Synonym of Leuciscus brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Berg 1949:570 [ref. 20661]). •Synonym of Tribolodon brandtii (Dybowski 1872) -- (Dyldin & Orlov 2016:666 [ref. 34853]). •Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Current status: Synonym of Pseudaspius brandtii (Dybowski 1872). Leuciscidae: Pseudaspininae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. leedsi, Notropis Fowler [H. W.] 1942:2, Figs. 3-4 [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 107; ref. 13199] Ohoopee River, about 2.5 miles north of Oak Park, Emanuel County, Georgia, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): ANSP 69969. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Böhlke 1984:81 [ref. 13621], Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395]. •Valid as Notropis leedsi Fowler 1942 -- (Gilbert 1978:53 [ref. 7042], Lee et al. 1980:280 [ref. 22416]). •Valid as Cyprinella leedsi (Fowler 1942) -- (Mayden 1989:93 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:128 [ref. 18983], Gilbert 1998:101 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:247 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:69 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:82 [ref. 35886]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella leedsi (Fowler 1942). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: South Carolina, Georgia and Florida (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. lehmanni, Leuciscus Brandt [J. F.] 1852:339 [Beiträge zur Kenntnis des Russischen Reiches und der angrenzenden Länder Asiens, auf Kosten der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften herausgegeben. v. 17; ref. 20900] Samarkand, Uzbekistan. •Valid as Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852 -- (Berg 1949:548 [ref. 20661], Coad 1981:11 [ref. 22348], Mitrofanov 2000:42 [ref. 25139], Coad & Abdoli 2000:58 [ref. 25296], Çiçek et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40326]). Current status: Valid as Leuciscus lehmanni Brandt 1852. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Central Asia: Aral Sea system (Uzbekistan, Afghanistan). Habitat: freshwater. lemmingii, Leuciscus Steindachner [F.] 1866:79 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 3; ref. 21716] Guadiana River and tributaries near Merida; rivers Guadalquivir and Guadaira near Sevilla, Spain. Syntypes: NMW 52356-57 (4, 2), 52362 (2), 52366 (2), 52373 (4). Species first spelled as leminingii when described in the above abstract (apparently in error), spelling later appeared as lemmingii when later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1866:265 [p. 5 of separate], Pl. 1 [ref. 18777]. Also in Steindachner 1866:8, 9 [ref. 18757] as Chondrostoma lemmingii. •Valid as Rutilus lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Kottelat 1997:78 [ref. 22952]). •Valid as Chondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Doadrio & Carmona 2003:30 [ref. 28132], Coelho et al. 2005:202 [ref. 28430], Gante et al. 2010:968 [ref. 35176], Çiftci et al. 2020:214 [ref. 37725]). •Valid as Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866) -- (Robalo et al. 2007:370 [ref. 28878], Doadrio & Elvira 2007:296 [ref. 29510], Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:197 [ref. 29996], Perea et al. 2010:15 [ref. 31802]). Current status: Valid as Iberochondrostoma lemmingii (Steindachner 1866). Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Southwestern Europe: Ibearian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal). Habitat: freshwater. lemmoni, Squalius Smith [R.] 1884:3-4 [Bulletin of the California Academy of Sciences No. 1; ref. 12300] Rillitto Creek, small stream in Santa Catalina Mts., 7 miles north of Tucson, Pimz County, Arizona, U.S.A. Syntypes: CAS-SU 24128 (orig. 4, now 1 [3 lost in 1906 earthquake and fire]). Type catalog: Böhlke 1953:39 [ref. 12291], Gilbert 1998:101-102 [ref. 23395]. •Synonym of Gila intermedia (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395], Minckley & Marsh 2009:133 [ref. 31114]). •Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853 -- (Copus et al. 2018:12 [ref. 36179]). Current status: Synonym of Gila robusta Baird & Girard 1853. Leuciscidae: Laviniinae. Habitat: freshwater. leobergi, Alburnus Freyhof [J.] & Kottelat [M.] 2007:218, Figs. 2-3 [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 18 (no. 3); ref. 29340] Mouth of River Obitochnaya, 46°40.233'N, 36°11.781'E, Ukraine. Holotype: ZMB 33658. Paratypes: ZMB 33659 (2). Plus non-type material. Alburnus leobergi was briefly mentioned as valid in Freyhof & Kottelat 2007:205 [ref. 29339] but the formal description appeared as above. •Synonym of Alburnus mento (Heckel 1836) --- (Parin et al. 2014:68 [ref. 33547] dated 1837). •Possible synonym of Alburnus sarmaticus Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 -- (Bogutskaya et al. 2017:101 [ref. 35513]). •Valid as Alburnus leobergi Freyhof & Kottelat 2007 -- (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007:169 [ref. 29996], Bogutskaya & Coad 2009:170 [ref. 30270], Dyldin et al. 2020:80, 105, 108 [ref. 37569], Dyldin et al. 2023:[29] [ref. 40328] with question). Current status: Valid as Alburnus leobergi Freyhof & Kottelat 2007. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Eastern Europe: Sea of Azov basin (Russia and Ukraine). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. leonina, Moniana Girard [C. F.] 1856:199 [35] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Leon River [Leon Creek], tributary to San Antonio River, Bexar County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: (18) MCZ 1687 [ex USNM 115] (1), MNHN 0000-0377 [ex USNM 115] (1), USNM 115 (orig. 10, now 0, plus 1 set of pharyngeal bones as # 2701). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:53-54 [ref. 7042]. On p. 35 of separate •Synonym of Notropis lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1978:54 [ref. 7042]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Mayden 1989:49 [ref. 12555]). •Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis, subspecies lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853) -- (Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395]). Current status: Synonym of Cyprinella lutrensis (Baird & Girard 1853). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. lepida, Cyprinella Girard [C. F.] 1856:197 [33] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Rio Frio, a tributary to Rio Nueces, Real or Uvalde County, Texas, U.S.A. Syntypes: (7) MCZ 1692 [ex USNM 126] (1), MNHN 0000-0369 [ex USNM 126] (1), USNM 126 (orig. 7, now 0, 1 set of pharyngeal arches as # 2709). Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:54 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395]. On p. 33 of separate. •Valid as Notropis lepidus (Girard 1856) -- (Gilbert 1978:54 [ref. 7042]). •Valid as Cyprinella lepida Girard 1856 -- (Matthews 1987:616 [ref. 6774], Mayden 1989:58 [ref. 12555], Page & Burr 1991:124 [ref. 18983], Contreras-Balderas & Lozano-Vilano 1994:904 [ref. 22061], Richardson & Gold 1995:28 [ref. 22412], Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395], Nelson et al. 2004:69 [ref. 27807], Scharpf 2005:13 [ref. 28940], Schönhuth & Mayden 2009:78 [ref. 38584], Page & Burr 2011:241 [ref. 31215], Page et al. 2013:70 [ref. 32708]). Current status: Valid as Cyprinella lepida Girard 1856. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: North America: Texas (southeastern U.S.A.). Habitat: freshwater. lepidulus, Alburnus Girard [C. F.] 1856:212 [48] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Black Warrior River, near Eutaw, Green County, Alabama, U.S.A. Syntypes: whereabouts unknown. Type catalog: Gilbert 1978:54 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395] with note on locality. On p. 48 of separate. •Probably a synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Gilbert 1978:54 [ref. 7042], Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395]). •Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818 -- (Boschung & Mayden 2004:229 [ref. 27995]). Current status: Synonym of Notropis atherinoides Rafinesque 1818. Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Habitat: freshwater. lepidus, Squalius Heckel [J. J.] 1843:1079 [89] [Ichthyologie [von Syrien]. In Russegger v. 1 (pt 2); ref. 2066] Tigris River, Mosul, Iraq. Lectotype: NMW 49342 (spec. 1). Paralectotypes: NMW 49342 (spec. 2), 49343-44 (2, 1); SMF 847 [ex NMW in 1844] (1). Illustrated by Heckel 1843, Pl. 10 (fig. 2) [ref. 2067]. On p. 89 of separate [ref. 2067]. Lectotype selected by Bogutskaya 1994:603 [ref. 23569]. •Valid as Leuciscus lepidus (Heckel 1843) -- (Coad 1991:18 [ref. 15702], Bogutskaya 1994:603 [ref. 23569], Coad 1995:19 [ref. 23608], Bogutskaya 1997:173 [ref. 23566], Coad 1998:102 [ref. 23869], Fricke et al. 2007:41 [ref. 29533]). •Valid as Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843 -- (Sanjur et al. 2003:22 [ref. 28742], Turan et al. 2009:57 [ref. 30540], Bogutskaya & Zupančič 2010:53 [ref. 30905], Coad 2010:196 [ref. 36620], Esmaeili et al. 2010:371 [ref. 33391], Perea et al. 2010:14 [ref. 31802], Özuluğ & Freyhof 2011:107 [ref. 31360], Turan et al. 2013:309 [ref. 32584], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2015:880 [ref. 34062], Çiçek et al. 2015:147 [ref. 35151], Khaefi et al. 2016:156 [ref. 34748], Esmaeili et al. 2016:118, 125 [ref. 34985], Turan et al. 2017:2 [ref. 35136], Esmaeili et al. 2017:58 [ref. 35254], Esmaeili et al. 2018:38 [ref. 36089], Buj et al. 2019:[16] [ref. 37174], Çiçek et al. 2020:253 [ref. 37644], Jouladeh-Roudbar et al. 2020:149 [ref. 37983], Çiçek et al. 2023:22 [ref. 40616], Çiçek et al. 2023:412 [ref. 40625], Saad et al. 2023:32 [ref. 40501]). Current status: Valid as Squalius lepidus Heckel 1843. Leuciscidae: Leuciscinae. Distribution: Asia Minor and Middle East: Asi Nehri (Orontes), Quwayq, Euphrates and Tigris River basins (Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran). Habitat: freshwater, brackish. leptocephalus, Ceratichthys Girard [C. F.] 1856:213 [49] [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 8; ref. 1810] Salem, North Carolina, U.S.A. Syntypes: USNM 12 (orig. 5, now 0). Type catalog: Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395]. On p. 49 of separate. •Valid as Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856) -- (Lee et al. 1980:213 [ref. 22416], Page & Burr 1991:92 [ref. 18983], Boschung 1992:53 [ref. 23239], Jenkins & Burkhead 1994:326 [ref. 21581], Warren et al. 1994:132 [ref. 25557], Stauffer et al. 1995:110 [ref. 23376], Mettee et al. 1996:223 [ref. 25836], Gilbert 1998:102 [ref. 23395], Fuller et al. 1999:98 [ref. 25838], Ross et al. 2001:182 [ref. 25978], Nelson et al. 2004:73 [ref. 27807], Boschung & Mayden 2004:212 [ref. 27995], Scharpf 2005:25 [ref. 28940] with subspecies, Page & Burr 2011:193 [ref. 31215] with 3 subspecies, Page et al. 2013:73 [ref. 32708], Robins et al. 2018:98 [ref. 35886] with 3 subspecies). Current status: Valid as Nocomis leptocephalus (Girard 1856). Leuciscidae: Pogonichthyinae. Distribution: Southeastern U.S.A. Habitat: freshwater. leptocephalus, Cyprinus Pallas [P. S.] 1776:207, 703 [Reise durch verschiedene Provinzen des russischen Reiches; ref. 18509] Transbaikalia, Russia. No types known. Also described as new in Pallas 1787:357, Pl. 11 (fig. 10) [ref. 18507]. As a nomen nudum in Pallas 1787:207 [ref. 18506]. •Valid as Pseudaspius leptocephalus (Pallas 1776) -- (Berg 1949:599 [ref. 20661], Yang & Hwang 1964:34 [ref. 13497], Zhu 1995:31 [ref. 25213], Bogutskaya & Naseka 1996:20 [ref. 22798], Reshetnikov et al. 1997:740 [ref. 24702], Bogutskaya 1998:69 [ref. 23589], Luo in Chen et al. 1998:92 [ref. 23878], Pietsch et al. 2001:139 [ref. 25688], Bogutskaya et al. 2001:43 [ref. 26178], Bogutskaya & Naseka 2004:96 [ref. 28183], Kottelat 2006:47 [ref. 28831], Ocock et al. 2006:43 [ref. 28933], Bogutskaya et al. 2008:332 [ref. 30085], Parin et al. 2014:86 [ref. 33547], Zhang et al. 2016:54 [ref. 34477], Dyldin & Orlov 2016:662 [ref. < |