Please look in Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes for authorships of sections, Families of Fishes (all), and related information.

Species in the genus Caranx: [ 87 ] records

africanus, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1883:196 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse v. 20 (no. 22); ref. 20488] Liberia; Lagos; Gorée, at Senegal River mouth, Loango coast. Syntypes: (several) NMW 75645 [or 75665] (1), 75662 (2), 75664 (1). Species later illustrated and described in more detail in Steindachner 1884:1108 [p. 44 of separate], Pl. 7 (fig. 1) [ref. 4234]. •Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2482 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

angolensis, Caranx Fowler [H. W.] 1919:280, Fig. 13 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 56 (no. 2294); ref. 15209] Loando, Angola. Holotype: USNM 42301. Paratypes: (5) USNM 42300 (2), 42302 (2), 197865 (1). •Synonym of Decapterus rhonchus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:314 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

antilliarum, Caranx Bennett [F. D.] 1840:282 [Narrative of a whaling voyage round the globe v. 2; ref. 260] Unneeded new name for Scomber carangus Bloch 1793. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ascensionis, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:102, Pl. 249 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Ascension Island. No types known. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:826 [ref. 13676], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:955 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833], Randall 2005:228 [ref. 28239], Randall 2007:229 [ref. 30952], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

aureus, Carangus Poey [F.] 1875:150 [76] [Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid v. 4 (for 13 Jan. 1875); ref. 3509] Cuba. No types known. On p. 76 of separate. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

auriga, Caranx Seale [A.] 1910:505, Pl. 6 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Manila, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 30 (destroyed). Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Caranx auriga De Vis 1884, replaced by Citula virga Ogilby 1915 and Caranx manilensis Roxas & Martin 1937. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Pers. Comm. W. Smith-Vaniz, Dec. 2004). 1°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

bartholomaei, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:100 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] St. Bartholomew Island, West Indies. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5840. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Citula bartholomaei (Cuvier 1833) -- (authors). •Valid as Carangoides bartholomaei (Cuvier 1833) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:288 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1438 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:30 [ref. 27621], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:275 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Wirtz et al. 2007:12, 31 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Reiner 2019:189 [ref. 38139], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448]). •Valid as Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833 -- (Robins & Ray 1986:159 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:284 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:60 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:168 [ref. 23144], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:237 [ref. 25013], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Matamoros et al. 2009:17 [ref. 31241], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2474 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:339 [ref. 38945], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: Massachusetts (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, and Trinidade Island (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island; eastern Atlantic: Nigeria south to Gabon, including Cape Verde Islands, São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2015): Least concern. Habitat: marine.

beani, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] 1881:486 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 3 (no. 178); ref. 18342] Beaufort, North Carolina, U.S.A. Holotype: USNM 27372. Paratypes: (1). •Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Current status: Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

belengerii, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:116 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Malabar, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-0540 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9 [ref. 12247]. Kottelat (2013) says name should be emended to belangeri based on Bauchot & Desoutter 1987:7. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207]). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

bixanthopterus, Caranx Rüppell [W. P. E. S.] 1836:49, Pl. 14 (fig. 2) [Neue Wirbelthiere zu der Fauna von Abyssinien gehörig. Fische des Rothen Meeres; ref. 3844] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Holotype: SMF 2876. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

blochii, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:69 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Gulf of Mexico. Syntypes: MNHN 0000-0940 (1) St. Thomas, 0000-4360 (1) Martinique,0000- 5845 (1) Cuba, 0000-5846 (1) Cuba; ?ZMB 1535 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:9, 50 [ref. 12247]. Based on literature and specimens, not regarded technically as a replacement name. •Synonym of Selar crumenophthalmus (Bloch 1793) -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:744 [ref. 18644]). •Synonym of Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793). •Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

boops, Trachurus Girard [C. F.] 1858:108 [General report upon zoology of the several Pacific railroad routes, 1857; ref. 4911] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 689. Subjectively invalid; secondarily preoccupied by Caranx boops Cuvier 1833 when both are in Caranx, replaced by Caranx girardi Steindachner 1870. •Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. 2°Homonym. Current status: Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

bucculentus, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:326, Pl. 11 (fig. 1) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Cape Grenville, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: AMS I.16298-001 [ex MAMU F350] (orig 2, now 1). Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. As Caranx bucculantus on legend page (p. 358) -- regarded as a misspelling. •Valid as Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2710 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Choi et al. 2003:326, 603 [ref. 26218], Hoese & Gates 2006:1155 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Larson et al. 2013:120 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673]). Current status: Valid as Caranx bucculentus Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Southeastern Indian Ocean, western Pacific: northern Australia to Papua New Guinea. Habitat: brackish, marine.

butuanensis, Caranx Seale [A.] 1910:506, Pl. 7 [The Philippine Journal of Science Section A v. 4 (no. 6) (for 1909); ref. 4000] Butuan Bay, Mindanao Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 1896 (apparently destroyed). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

caballus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1868:431 [Transactions of the Zoological Society of London v. 6 (pt 7, no. 14); ref. 1994] Panama [eastern Pacific]. Syntypes: BMNH 1865.7.20.7-8 (2). •Valid as Caranx (Paratactus) caballus (Günther 1868) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Carangoides caballus (Günther 1868) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24550], Randall 2007:226 [ref. 30952]). •May be conspecific with Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083]). •Valid as Caranx caballus Günther 1868 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:206 [ref. 9277], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:953 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:364 [ref. 24023], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Randall & Carlson 1999:357 [ref. 25808], Fuller et al. 1999:398 [ref. 25838], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Mundy 2005:365 [ref. 28379], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:999 [ref. 33194], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Burton & Lea 2019:75 [ref. 37205], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:202 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: California (U.S.A.) south to Chile, including Gulf of California (Mexico) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), straying to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A., Central Pacific). Habitat: brackish, marine.

caninus, Caranx Günther [A.] 1867:601 [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1866 (pt 3); ref. 1984] Panama. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1863.12.16.19. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:292 [ref. 24550]). •Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867 -- (Eschmeyer & Herald 1983:206 [ref. 9277], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:825 [ref. 13676], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:954 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:78 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:362 [ref. 24023] [but see McCosker 1998:810 [ref. 24025]], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:223 [ref. 29160], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], McMahan et al. 2013:449 [ref. 32422], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Palacios-Salgado et al. 2014:237 [ref. 36362], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Fourriére et al. 2016:458 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Romero-Berny et al. 2018:90 [ref. 35859], González-Murcia et al. 2019:298 [ref. 36544], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Meza-Vargas et al. 2022:4 [ref. 39566], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Siccha-Ramirez et al. 2023:203 [ref. 40816], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx caninus Günther 1867. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including Gulf of California (Mexico), Revillagigedo Islands (Mexico), Cocos Island (Costa Rica), Malpelo Island (Colombia) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). IUCN (2010): Least concern. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

carangua, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] (ex Plumier) 1801:59, 74 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Martinique, West Indies, western Atlantic. No types preserved. Based on the 'Carangue' on a drawing in the manuscript by Plumier (Charles Plumier, 1646-1704, French explorer and botanist). Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:399 (vol. 7), 5 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

carangus, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:69, Pl. 340 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Antilles. Syntypes: ZMB 1542 (1). Type catalog: Paepke 1999:54 [ref. 24282]. On p. 58 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. •Valid as Caranx carangus (Bloch 1793) -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336] with author as Linnaeus, Krishnan & Mishra 1994:291 [ref. 24014], Mishra et al. 1999:86 [ref. 25315], Khan 2003:9 [ref. 27710], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712]). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:823 [ref. 20764], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2477 [ref. 34618]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

celetus, Caranx Smith [J. L. B.] 1968:182, Pl. 39 (figs. A-B) [Occasional Papers of the Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 15; ref. 7919] Zanzibar, Tanzania, western Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 442. Paratypes: (22) SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 671-672 (1, 1). •Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2715 [ref. 24833], Fricke & Kulbicki 2006:332 [ref. 28867], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cibi, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:224 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Syntypes: MCZ 17252-53 (2). Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:186 [ref. 22926] with a holotype. •Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Current status: Synonym of Caranx bartholomaei Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

cordyla, Trachurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:124 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] This is apparently a new combination for Linnaeus' Scomber cordyla and not a new species proposal. Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434] and 1989:217 [ref. 21873] treated as a new species proposal, wrongly with a holotype [BMNH 1853.11.12.93]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

crysos, Scomber Mitchill [S. L.] 1815:424, Pl. 4 (fig. 2). [Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New-York v. 1 (art. 5) (for 1814); ref. 13292] New York Bay, New York, U.S.A. No types known. Spelled chrysos on Pl. 4; first reviser not researched. Spelled chrysos by Valenciennes in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:98 [ref. 1002]. •Valid as Carangoides crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:276 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Bañon et al. 2010:17 [ref. 31029], Carvalho-Filho 2023:137 [ref. 40480]). •Valid as Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Matsuura in Uyeno et al. 1983:331 [ref. 14275], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:823 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:375 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:679 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:62 [ref. 24474], Andreata & Séret 1996:585 [ref. 16204], Swaby et al. 1996:543 [ref. 25524], Murdy et al. 1997:167 [ref. 23144], Santos et al. 1997:85 [ref. 23531], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Vacchi et al. 1999:326 [ref. 24369], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:237 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:413 [ref. 26158], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Lipej & Dulčić 2010:44 [ref. 36649], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:123 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Pinheiro et al. 2015:17 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Artüz & Fricke 2019:556 [ref. 36612], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:190 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:59 [ref. 37515], Iglésias et al. 2020:294 [ref. 37987], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Bañón & Maño 2021:83 [ref. 38887], Golani 2021:48 [ref. 38303], Iglésias et al. 2021:176 [ref. 38818], Marceniuk in Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk et al. 2021:340 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Di Blasi et al. 2023:[2] [ref. 40620], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada) south to Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; Mediterranean Sea; Sea of Marmara; eastern Atlantic. Habitat: brackish, marine.

cynodon, Caranx Bleeker [P.] 1851:362 [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 1 (no. 4); ref. 326] Jakarta, Java, Indonesia. Syntypes: (3) RMNH 6109 (1). Also in Bleeker 1851 [ref. 332]. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2717 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

defensor, Caranx DeKay [J. E.] 1842:120, Pl. 24 (fig. 72) [Zoology of New-York; ref. 1098] New York, U.S.A. Holotype: New York State coll. (whereabouts unknown). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Smith 1986:425 [ref. 22186], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ekala, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:117 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Visakhaparnam And Mumbai, India. Syntypes: MNHN A-6116 (1) Malabar; Mumbai specimen not found. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

elacate, Carangus Jordan [D. S.] & Evermann [B. W.] 1903:177 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2450] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): USNM 50638. •Valid as Caranx elacate (Jordan & Evermann 1903) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:254 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2716 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

elongatus, Caranx Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:458 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZIN 2641 (2), ZMB 8006 (1). •Young of Caranx sp. -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757]). •See Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

erythrurus, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:58, 68 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Caroline [South Carolina, U.S.A.], Tahiti [Society Islands, French Polynesia, South Pacific]. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:50 [ref. 12247]. Unnecessary replacement name for Scomber hippos Linnaeus 1766; also based on additional [misidentified] source (Forster manuscript). Spelled erithrurus on p. 68. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:397, 416 (vol. 7) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

esculentus, Carangus Girard [C. F.] 1859:23, Pl. 11 (figs. 1-3) [United States and Mexican boundary survey, under the order of Lieut. Col. W. H. Emory, Major First Cavalry and United States commissioner. v. 2 (pt 2); ref. 13405] Appeared first, as name only, in Girard 1858:168 [ref. 1813]. Apparently a replacement name for Scomber carangus Bloch to avoid "Strickland tautonymy" when Girard provided the new genus name Carangus. Girard's name is an unneeded replacement name. Girard's specimens are at the USNM as USNM 708-709 (10, 1), and 715 (1). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:292 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fallax, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:95 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Trinidad Island, West Indies. Lectotype: MNHN A-0539. Paralectotypes: MNHN 0000-0700 (1), A-6056 (1), A-6067 (1), A-6136 (1, dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fallax, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Guérin-Méneville 1828:no page number, Livraison 13 [Planches de Seba v. 3; ref. 29508] No types known. Text applies to Pl. 27 (no. 3) published in 1827. •Predates Caranx fallax Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833, but cannot be regarded as a junior synonym -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:399 [ref. 29507]). •Senior synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507] invoking reversal of precedence). •Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 as a nomen protectum over Caranx fallax Cuvier 1828 -- (Parenti & Desoutter-Meniger 2007:401 [ref. 29507]). Nomen Protectum. Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

fischeri, Caranx Smith-Vaniz [W. F.] & Carpenter [K. E.] 2007:214, Figs. 1A, 4-7, 8A-C [Fishery Bulletin v. 105 (no. 2); ref. 29160] Douala, Cameroon. Holotype: ANSP 140256. Paratypes: (128) ANSP; BMNH 1899.2.20.3, 1938.12.15.48, 1899.11.27.87, 1939.7.12.12, 1927.12.7.49, 1956.9.6.68, 1936.12.29.7, 1928.8.3.14, 1896.5.5.14, 1930.8.26.49-50 (2), 1968.11.15.31-32 (2); CAS, IRSNB, ISH, MNHN, MRAC, SU, UF, USNM, ZMH, ZMUC. Plus non-type material. •Valid as Caranx fischeri Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007 -- (Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:190 [ref. 38139], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Caranx fischeri Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island. Habitat: brackish, marine.

flavocoeruleus, Caranx Temminck [C. J.] & Schlegel [H.] 1844:110, Pl. 59 (fig. 2) [Fauna Japonica Parts 5-6; ref. 4372] Nagasaki, Japan. Lectotype: RMNH D933 (stuffed). Paralectotypes: RMNH D929-932 (4, stuffed), 1319 (2). Lectotype selected by Boeseman 1947:100 [ref. 12876]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

forsteri, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:107 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Lectotype: MNHN A-0563. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6058 (2) Malabar, A-6059 (1) New Guinea, A-6060 (2) Sulawesi, 0739 (3) Vanicolo. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:11-12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Fricke 1999:249 [ref. 24106], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

frontalis, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:222 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. Holotype: MCZ 17348. Type catalog: Howell Rivero 1938:187 [ref. 22926]. •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

fusus, Caranx Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1817:no page number, Pl. 24 (figs. 3-4) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype (unique): MNHN 0000-5857. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:12 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:823 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:83 [ref. 26753], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1439 [ref. 27083], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2475 [ref. 34618], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

girardi, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1870:314 [25] [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 60 (1. Abth.); ref. 4217] San Diego, California, U.S.A. Holotype (unique): USNM 689. On p. 25 of separate. Replacement name for Trachurus boops Girard 1858, secondarily preoccupied in Caranx by Caranx boops Cuvier 1833. •Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:953 [ref. 22829], Randall & Carlson 1999:358 [ref. 25808]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx caballus Günther 1868. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

heberi, Scomber Bennett [J. W.] 1830:unnum. p., Pl. 26 [A selection from the most remarkable and interesting fishes found on the coast of Ceylon First Edition; ref. 16785] South coast of Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean. No types known. •Valid as Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830) [= C. sem Cuvier 1833] -- (Pethiyagoda et al. 1994:43-44 [ref. 21456], Heemstra in Smith & Heemstra 1995:xii [ref. 21953], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], Carpenter et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23922], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2711 [ref. 24833], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Khalaf & Krupp 2003:56 [ref. 31543], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:303 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2007:224 [ref. 29492], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:120 [ref. 30425], Allen & Erdmann 2012:433 [ref. 31980], Psomadakis et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:423 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:112 [ref. 40522]). Current status: Valid as Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion) east to Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hippoides, Carangus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:443, Fig. 15 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50710. Additional original material: [field nos. 750-751] (2). •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

hippos, Scomber Linnaeus [C.] (ex Garden) 1766:494 [Systema naturae sive regna tria naturae v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 2786] Carolina [South Carolina, U.S.A.]. Syntype or holotype: LS 130 [Garden no. 16] (right half-skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1985:55 [ref. 20705]. Type information: Goode & Bean 1885:204 [ref. 1841]. Based on manuscript description and 1 specimen sent by A. Garden [South Carolina]. •Valid as Caranx (Tricropterus) hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Hiyama in Kumada 1937:33 [ref. 39147]). •Valid as Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336] as hippus, Hureau & Tortonese 1973:373 [ref. 7198], Lee et al. 1980:749 [ref. 22416], Villa 1982:165 [ref. 36708], Fujii in Uyeno et al. 1983:332 [ref. 14275], Smith 1986:425 [ref. 22186], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:824 [ref. 13676], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Scott & Scott 1988:376 [ref. 25518], McAllister 1990:146 [ref. 14674], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:678 [ref. 21590], Boschung 1992:130 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:63 [ref. 24474], Murdy et al. 1997:165 [ref. 23144], Arruda 1997:82 [ref. 24952], González Bencomo et al. 1997:158 [ref. 24960], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:291 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Afonso et al. 1999:73 [ref. 25466], Keith et al. 2000:90 [ref. 24547], Marín 2000:72 [ref. 26252], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:84 [ref. 26753], Klein-MacPhee in Collette & Klein-MacPhee 2002:415 [ref. 26158], López et al. 2002:64 [ref. 26808] as hyppos, Smith-Vaniz 2003:1440 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:277 [ref. 28815], Miller 2006:339 [ref. 28615], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:219 [ref. 29160], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Collette 2013:173 [ref. 32953], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516] needs verification, Fabiano et al. 2014:8 [ref. 33530], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2474 [ref. 34618], Nión et al. 2016:47 [ref. 35565], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Robins et al. 2018:435 [ref. 35886], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Almeida & Alves 2019:269 [ref. 37509] as cf. hippos, Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:191 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Kovačić et al. 2021:85 [ref. 39014], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:341 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Brunswick (Canada.) south to northern Argentina, including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, with waifs reaching Nova Scotia (Canada); southern-central Atlantic: Ascension Island and Saint Helena Island; eastern Atlantic: Western Sahara south to Angola, including Cape Verde Islands and São Tomé and Principe. IUCN (2019): LC. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ignobilis, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] in Niebuhr 1775:55, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMUC P46439-40 (2, dry skins, extremely poor condition). Type catalog: Nielsen 1974:63 [ref. 9588], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. Originally Scomber ignobilis, kirm on p. 55, Scomber ignobilis on p. xii. Probably should be regarded as two names for the same taxon and requiring action of a first reviser. Types figured in Klausewitz & Nielsen 1965:Pl. 26 [ref. 20847]. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]. •Valid as Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:260 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:126 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:70 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Talwar & Jhingran 1991:823 [ref. 20764], Kottelat et al. 1993:110 [ref. 23448], Kuiter 1993:174 [ref. 23929], Krishnan & Mishra 1994:291 [ref. 24014], Randall et al. 1994:227 [ref. 21645], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:432 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:112 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:63 [ref. 26476], Larson & Williams 1997:358 [ref. 23967], Carpenter et al. 1997:160 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2712 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:802 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:229 [ref. 25191], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:106 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:205 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:802 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:76 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:30 [ref. 27712], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:227 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], Hoese & Gates 2006:1156 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:228 [ref. 30952], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:121 [ref. 30425], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:433 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:221 [ref. 34104], Clua et al. 2016:259 [ref. 34821], Koeda et al. 2016:36 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:182 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:131 [ref. 36460], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Nomura et al. 2021:5 [ref. 38488], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:113 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), Line Islands (Kiribati) and Pitcairn Group, north to southern Korea and Kyoto Prefecture (central Japan), south to Rottnest Island (Western Australia), Wattamolla (New South Wales, Australia), New Caledonia, Tonga and Rapa; eastern Pacific: Clipperton Atoll (France). Habitat: brackish, marine.

iridinus, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:226 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba. No types known. •Synonym of Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793). •Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

ishikawai, Caranx Wakiya [Y.] 1924:193, Pl. 26 [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Bonin Islands, Japanese seas. Holotype: FMNH 59390 [ex CM 7734]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:20 [ref. 12367]. •Valid as Caranx ishikawai Wakiya 1924 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:262 [ref. 19756]). •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

janthinospilos, Caranx Bleeker [P.] 1856:45 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6082. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

kirm, Scomber Forsskål [P. S.] 1775:55 [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] Originally Scomber ignobilis, kirm on p. 55, Scomber ignobilis on p. xii; see account of Scomber ignobilis. •In the synonymy of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke 2008:32 [ref. 30182]). Nomen Nudum. Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae.

korab, Caranx Lacepède [B. G. E.] 1801:59, 75 [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepède) v. 3; ref. 2710] Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea; Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. Unnecessary replacement name for Scomber ignobilis Forsskål 1775. Also appeared in Sonnini 1803:400 (vol. 7), 16 (vol. 8) [ref. 30473]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

latus, Caranx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:105, Pl. 56b (fig. 1) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. Possible syntypes: MHNN 455 (1). •Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Villa 1982:165 [ref. 36708], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:825 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Bussing 1987:172 [ref. 22927], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:285 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:66 [ref. 24474], Greenfield & Thomerson 1997:150 [ref. 22947], Murdy et al. 1997:166 [ref. 23144], Bussing 1998:274 [ref. 24179], Aguilera 1998:49 [ref. 24221], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:293 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Keith et al. 2000:92 [ref. 24547], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639] with author as Agazzis, Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1441 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:278 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Miller 2006:339 [ref. 28615], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Wirtz et al. 2007:12, 32 [ref. 30263], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Matamoros et al. 2009:17 [ref. 31241], Di Dario et al. 2013:263 [ref. 37503], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Angulo et al. 2013:1000 [ref. 33194], Catelani et al. 2014:932 [ref. 37496], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2479 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Marceniuk et al. 2017:40 [ref. 35324], Raz-Guzmán et al. 2018:345 [ref. 36407], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Reiner 2019:191 [ref. 38139], Ribeiro et al. 2019:5 [ref. 36717], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:342 [ref. 38945], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Fermon et al. 2022:237 [ref. 39448], Angulo et al. 2023:44 [ref. 40676], Carvalho-Filho 2023:139 [ref. 40480], Ceríaco et al. 2023:36 [ref. 40710], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) and Bermuda south to Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil); southern-central Atlantic: Saint Paul's Rocks, Ascension and Saint Helena islands; eastern Atlantic: Ivory Coast south to Gabon, including Madeira, Canary Islands, Cape Verde Islands, and São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lepturus, Caranx Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1831:106, Pl. 56b (fig. 2) [Selecta genera et species piscium quos in itinere per Brasiliam; ref. 13] Atlantic off Brazil. No types known. •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

lessonii, Caranx Lesson [R. P.] (ex Cuvier) 1831:155, Poissons Pl. 31 (fig. 1) [Voyage autour du monde Zool. v. 2 (pt 1); ref. 2776] Coasts of New Guinea. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6048. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:14 [ref. 12247]. Also appeared in Cuvier in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:113 [ref. 1002]. •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1155 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

lugubris, Caranx Poey [F.] 1860:222 [Memorias sobre la historia natural de la Isla de Cuba v. 2; ref. 3499] Cuba, western Atlantic. No types known. See Smith-Vaniz & Randall 1994 [ref. 21632] and Opinion 1841. •Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Kyushin et al. 1977:264 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:195 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:826 [ref. 13676], Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:577 [ref. 12442], Pequeño 1989:60 [ref. 14125], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:68 [ref. 24474], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:955 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:363 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Arruda 1997:83 [ref. 24952], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:138 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:247 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2713 [ref. 24833], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:238 [ref. 25013], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:230 [ref. 25191], Thomson et al. 2000:288 [ref. 25640], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:160 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Camargo & Isaac 2001:141 [ref. 27639], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Feitoza et al. 2003:68 [ref. 26943], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1442 [ref. 27083], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1861, Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:304 [ref. 28072], Pequeño 2004:96 [ref. 28123], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:228 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:279 [ref. 28815], Vaske et al. 2005:77 [ref. 36155], Trunov 2006:475 [ref. 28786], Hoese & Gates 2006:1156 [ref. 28997], Wirtz et al. 2007:11, 32 [ref. 30263], Randall 2007:229 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:147 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2480 [ref. 34618], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Hoschke et al. 2019:156 [ref. 36626], Reiner 2019:192 [ref. 38139], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Marceniuk in Marceniuk et al. 2021:343 [ref. 38945], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:114 [ref. 40522], Carvalho-Filho 2023:139 [ref. 40480]). Current status: Valid as Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Circumglobal in tropical through warm temperate seas (including Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, South China Sea, east China Sea, southern Sea of Japan, southern Gulf of California/Mexico). IUCN (2017): Least Concern. Habitat: marine.

macrops, Caranx Steindachner [F.] 1867:64 [Anzeiger der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Classe v. 4 (no. 8); ref. 20462] Monrovia, Liberia. Holotype (unique): NMW 75559. Species also appeared on p. 441 of English version [ref. 20462]; later appeared in more detail in Steindachner 1867: 519, Pl. 1 (fig. 1) [ref. 4215]; and on p. 3 of separate. •Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

manilensis, Caranx Roxas [H. A.] & Martin [C.] 1937:92 [Checklist of Philippine fishes; ref. 19807] Manila Bay, Luzon Island, Philippines. Holotype (unique): BSMP 30 (destroyed). Replacement name for Caranx auriga Seale 1910, which was preoccupied by Caranx auriga DeVis 1884. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Pers. Comm. W. Smith-Vaniz, Dec. 2004). Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

margarita, Caranx Richardson [J.] 1846:276 [Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science 15th meeting [1845]; ref. 3742] Canton, China; Sea of China. No types known. Based solely on illustration by Reeves (see Whitehead 1970:213, Pl. 21c [ref. 11606]). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

marginatus, Carangus Gill [T. N.] 1863:166 [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 15; ref. 1681] (Pacific) Panama. Holotype (unique): USNM 30958. Type catalog: Smith 2018:74 [ref. 36061]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2716 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

medusicola, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Starks [E. C.] in Jordan 1895:430, Pl. 34 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 2) v. 5; ref. 2394] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.108 [from Jordan] (1); CAS-SU 2845 [not 2645 as published] (42), 63326 (1). •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:956 [ref. 22829], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:294 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2714 [ref. 24833], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

melampygus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:116 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Waigeo, Indonesia; Rawak Island, Bismarck Archipelago; Buru, Molucca Islands, Indonesia; Vanikoro, Santa Cruz Islands; Mauritius, Mascarenes. Syntypes: MNHN A-6028 (1) Buru, A-6069 (1) Mauritius, A-6162 (1) Vanikoro, A-6083 (1) Waigeo, A-6162 (1) Vanikoro, A-6163 (1) Vanikoro. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:15 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:256 [ref. 19756], Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:161 [ref. 15987], Kuiter 1993:174 [ref. 23929], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:956 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:77 [ref. 24545] as melempygus, Grove & Lavenberg 1997:364 [ref. 24023], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Chen et al. 1997:64 [ref. 26476], Kuiter 1997:160 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:161 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:55 [ref. 23921], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Myers 1999:139 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:248 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:294 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2714 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Randall 1999:15 [ref. 25829], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:231 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Allen 2000:102 [ref. 25868], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:206 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:31 [ref. 27712], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Adrim et al. 2004:120 [ref. 27715], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:305 [ref. 28072], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:229 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Randall 2007:230 [ref. 30952], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:148 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:121 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Caratini & Soriano 2011:20 [ref. 39915], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Koh & Tun 2015:59 [ref. 39530], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:111 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:183 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Angulo et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37979], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Psomadakis et al. 2020:424 [ref. 37272], Durville et al. 2021:312 [ref. 38802], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Furuhashi & Motomura 2022:8 [ref. 39607], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:115 [ref. 40522], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Mozambique Channel, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.), north to Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands (Japan), south to Dampier Archipelago (Western Australia), New South Wales (Australia), Norfolk Island (Australia) and Rapa (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: Pacific coast of southern Baja California Sur (Mexico) south to Colombia, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Hybridizes with Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 (Angulo et al. 2020 [ref. 37979]). Habitat: brackish, marine.

moresbyensis, Caranx Macleay [W.] 1882:358 [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 7 (pt 3); ref. 17585] Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea. Holotype (unique): AMS 16305-001 [ex MAMU F369]. Type catalog: Stanbury 1969:206 [ref. 19518]. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

oshimai, Caranx Wakiya [Y.] 1924:189, Pl. 27 (fig. 1) [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 15 (nos 2-3); ref. 4570] Taiwan. Holotype: FMNH 59492 [ex CM 7731]. Type catalog: Henn 1928:90 [ref. 12305], Ibarra & Stewart 1987:20 [ref. 12367], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Ho & Shao 2011:45 [ref. 31432], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

papuensis, Caranx Alleyne [H. G.] & Macleay [W.] 1877:325, Pl. 10 (fig. 3) [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 1 (pts 3-4); ref. 101] Hall Sound, Papua New Guinea. Syntypes: AMS I.16304-001 and 002 [ex MAMU F366] (2). •Valid as Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:156 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:647 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:162 [ref. 15987], Kottelat et al. 1993:110 [ref. 23448], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Kuiter 1997:160 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:162 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:56 [ref. 23921], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:248 [ref. 24106], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2715 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Nakabo 2000:802 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:232 [ref. 25191], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Sakai et al. 2001:96 [ref. 25693], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:802 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Heemstra et al. 2004:3323 [ref. 27945], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:305 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:229 [ref. 28239], Randall et al. 2005:121 [ref. 28745], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Allen & Erdmann 2012:434 [ref. 31980], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Motomura et al. 2017:112 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:183 [ref. 35805], Suresh et al. 2018:205 [ref. 36495], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455]). Current status: Valid as Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius, Rodrigues) east to Marshall Islands and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to Ryukyu Islands (southern Japan), south to Timor Sea (Western Australia), Queensland (Australia), Tonga. Habitat: brackish, marine.

paraspistes, Caranx Richardson [J.] 1848:136, Pl. 58 (figs. 6-7) [Ichthyology of the voyage of H. M. S. Erebus & Terror v. 2 (2); ref. 3740] Port Essington, Northern Territory, Australia; Torres Strait. Holotype (unique): BMNH 1846.8.11.6 (skin). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988] as parapistes, Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

peronii, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:112 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Unknown locality, Voyge de Péron. Lectotype: MNHN 0000-6324. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-6067 (1) Vanicolo, A-0562 (1) Ambon. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:16 [ref. 12247] with holotype (6324) and paratype; MNHN A.6324 designated lectotype by Eschmeyer 1998:1319 [ref. 23416]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

pisquetus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:97 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Santo Domingo; Cuba; Brazil. Syntypes: MNHN A-6100 (1), A-6103 (1), A-6111 (1), A-6252 (1). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:16 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx pisquetus Cuvier 1833 -- (Herrera 1896:46 [ref. 39336]). •Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:374 [ref. 7198], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:310 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:237 [ref. 25013]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

quoyi, Carangus Bleeker [P.] 1878:50 [Archives néerlandaises des sciences exactes et naturelles v. 13 3; ref. 456] New Guinea. Holotype: MNHN 5836. Based on Caranx punctatus of Quoy & Gaimard and on Caranx coeruleopinnatus of Cuvier & Valenciennes. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

regularis, Caranx Garman [S.] 1903:232 [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 39 (no. 8); ref. 15030] Viti Levu, Suva, Fiji Islands. Holotype (unique): MCZ 28300. •Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2715 [ref. 24833], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx papuensis Alleyne & Macleay 1877. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

rhabdolepis, Caranx Klunzinger [C. B.] 1871:457 [Verhandlungen der K.-K. zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien v. 21; ref. 2622] Al-Qusair, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt, Red Sea. Syntypes: ZMB 8005 (ca. 15). •Young of Caranx sp. -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757]). •See Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356]. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

rhabdotus, Carangus Jenkins [O. P.] 1903:444, Fig. 16 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 22 (1902); ref. 2341] Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaiian Islands. Holotype: USNM 50711. Paratypes: USNM 55217 (1). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:334 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

rhonchus, Caranx Geoffroy St. Hilaire [E.] 1817:no page number, Pl. 24 (figs. 1-2) [Poissons du Nil v. 1 (part 1); ref. 4184] Alexandria, Egypt, eastern Mediterranean Sea. Holotype: MMHN A.5977. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:17 [ref. 12247]. Sometimes spelled rhoncus in early literature. •Valid as Decapterus rhonchus (Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:314 [ref. 6207], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:673 [ref. 21590], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826] as "Decapterus", Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2488 [ref. 34618]). •Valid as Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817 -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:375 [ref. 7198], Smith-Vaniz in Whitehead et al. 1986:827 [ref. 13676] with genus as "Caranx", Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Afonso et al. 1999:84 [ref. 25466], Bilecenoğlu et al. 2002:84 [ref. 26753], Golani 2005:39 [ref. 37112], Fricke et al. 2007:84 [ref. 29533], Wirtz et al. 2007:32 [ref. 30263], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Martins & Carneiro 2018:133 [ref. 36550], Carneiro et al. 2019:251 [ref. 37250], Elbaraasi et al. 2019:97 [ref. 36864], Reiner 2019:195 [ref. 38139], Bariche & Fricke 2020:59 [ref. 37515], Kovačić et al. 2020:36 [ref. 37519], Golani 2021:49 [ref. 38303], Kovačić et al. 2021:45 [ref. 39014], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Caranx rhonchus Geoffroy St. Hilaire 1817. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Mediterranean Sea; eastern Atlantic: Portugal south to Namibia, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

richardi, Caranx Holbrook [J. E.] 1855:94, Pl. 13 (fig. 1) [Ichthyology of South Carolina; ref. 2184] South Carolina, U.S.A. No types known. Also appeared in second edition, 1860:96, Pl. 13 (fig. 1). •Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:733 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx latus Agassiz 1831. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

ruber, Scomber Bloch [M. E.] 1793:75, Pl. 342 [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 7; ref. 4868] Saint Croix, United States Virgin Islands. Holotype (unique): ZMB 1535. Type catalog: Paepke 1999:55 [ref. 24282]. On p. 63 of Bloch's Ichthyologie, v. 10 [ref. 21381]. ZMB 1535 selected as lectotype by Paepke 1999:55 [ref. 24282], but Bloch mentioned that his description was based on a single specimen only. •Valid as Carangoides ruber (Bloch 1793) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:288 [ref. 24550], Schmitter-Soto et al. 2000:159 [ref. 27754], Gasparini & Floeter 2001:1644 [ref. 25634], Rocha & Rosa 2001:990 [ref. 25909], Smith-Vaniz 2003:1443 [ref. 27083], Moura & Menezes in Menezes et al. 2003:80 [ref. 27192], Smith et al. 2003:31 [ref. 27621], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2014:7 [ref. 33516]). •Valid as Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793) -- (Robins & Ray 1986:160 [ref. 23100], Boschung 1992:131 [ref. 23239], Cervigón 1992:286 [ref. 23827], Cervigón 1993:69 [ref. 24474], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1999:239 [ref. 25013], Collette et al. 2003:109 [ref. 26784], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], McEachran & Fechhelm 2005:280 [ref. 28815], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Smith-Vaniz & Jelks 2014:47 [ref. 33341], Pinheiro et al. 2015:18 [ref. 34324], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2481 [ref. 34618], Robertson et al. 2016:145 [ref. 34961], Spier et al. 2018:10 [ref. 36103], Brown et al. 2019:167 [ref. 36444], Carneiro et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37250], Robertson et al. 2020:152 [ref. 38098], Escobar-Sierra et al. 2021:76 [ref. 38844], Bennema & van Moorsel 2022:69 [ref. 39585], Carvalho-Filho 2023:138 [ref. 40480], Hoff et al. 2023:6 [ref. 40463]). Current status: Valid as Caranx ruber (Bloch 1793). Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Western Atlantic: New Jersey (U.S.A.) south to São Paulo (Brazil), including Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea; southern-central Atlantic: Ascension and Saint Helena islands; northeastern Atlantic: Azores. Habitat: marine.

sansun, Scomber Fabricius [J. C.] in Niebuhr (ex Forsskål) 1775:56, xii [Descriptiones animalium (Forsskål); ref. 1351] [Lohajæ] Al-Luhayya, Yemen, Red Sea. No types known. Authorship according to Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]. See Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356] but they put in Scomber. •Mention -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757]). •Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775) -- (Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Fricke 2008:33 [ref. 30182]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx ignobilis (Forsskål 1775). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

sem, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:105 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India. Lectotype: MNHN A-6055. Paralectotypes: MNHN A-5515 (1, dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:18 [ref. 12247]. Lectotype selected by Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:17 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx sem Cuvier 1833 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:196 [ref. 19754], Smith-Vaniz 1986:648 [ref. 5718], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368]). •Synonym of Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830) -- (Randall 1995:180 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2711 [ref. 24833], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:303 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2007:224 [ref. 29492], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

semisomnus, Caranx Fowler [H. W.] 1904:510, Pl. 16 (upper fig.) [Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. Second series. v. 12 (pt 4); ref. 1367] Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia. Holotype: ANSP 27512. Paratypes: (2) ANSP 27513 (1). Type catalog: Böhlke 1984:33 [ref. 13621]. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

senegallus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:78 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Mouth of Senegal River; Gorée, Senegal. Syntypes: MNHN A-6019 (2) Senegal, 5841 (1) Gorée. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:18 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:735 [ref. 18644], Bauchot in Lévêque et al. 1992:678 [ref. 21590], Vreven & Snoeks 2007:417 [ref. 30078], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Wirtz et al. 2013:124 [ref. 32972], Smith-Vaniz in Carpenter & De Angelis 2016:2482 [ref. 34618], Reiner 2019:193 [ref. 38139], Fermon et al. 2022:238 [ref. 39448]). Current status: Valid as Caranx senegallus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Atlantic: Mauritania south to Angola, including São Tomé and Principe. Habitat: brackish, marine.

seriolinus, Caranx Thiollière [V. J. de l'I.] in Montrouzier 1857:452 [174] [Annales de la Société d'Agriculture, Histoire Naturelle et Arts Utiles de Lyon (sér. 2) v. 8 (1856); ref. 17789] Woodlark Island, South Pacific. No types known. •Unidentifiable. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

sexfasciatus, Caranx Quoy [J. R. C.] & Gaimard [J. P.] 1825:358, Pl. 65 (fig. 4) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 3574] Île Waigiou [Pulau Waigeo, Papua Barat, Indonesia, western Pacific]. Holotype: MNHN A-6054. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:18 [ref. 12247]. •Mention -- (Hureau & Tortonese 1973:384 [ref. 7198]). •Valid as Carangoides sexfasciatus (Quoy & Gaimard 1825) -- (Bijukumar & Sushama 2000:186 [ref. 25703]). •Valid as Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Kyushin et al. 1977:258 [ref. 19756], Kyushin et al. 1982:196 [ref. 19754], Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:648 [ref. 5718], Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:312 [ref. 6207], Yu & Zhou in Kuang et al. 1986:228 [ref. 26639] dated 1824, Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Kawanabe & Mizuno 1989:518 [ref. 25598], Winterbottom et al. 1989:34 [ref. 13251], Randall et al. 1990:162 [ref. 15987], Allen & Coates 1990:86 [ref. 25561], Pethiyagoda 1991:216 [ref. 20075], Allen 1991:135 [ref. 21090], Ye in Pan et al. 1991:376 [ref. 23876], Allen et al. 1992:301 [ref. 21400], Kottelat et al. 1993:110 [ref. 23448], Kuiter 1993:174 [ref. 23929], Krishnan & Mishra 1993:225 [ref. 24016], Francis 1993:161 [ref. 25479], Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Goren & Dor 1994:34 [ref. 25356], Lea & Walker 1995:90 [ref. 23105], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:959 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], Mohsin & Ambak 1996:432 [ref. 27969], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Cheng & Zhou 1997:267 [ref. 26385] with year as 1824, De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:80 [ref. 24545], Grove & Lavenberg 1997:365 [ref. 24023], Carpenter et al. 1997:161 [ref. 23922], Kuiter 1997:158 [ref. 25488], Randall et al. 1997:162 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:56 [ref. 23921], Marquet et al. 1999:43 [ref. 23934], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Fricke 1999:249 [ref. 24106], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:294 [ref. 24550], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2716 [ref. 24833], Johnson 1999:734 [ref. 25471], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Laboute & Grandperrin 2000:232 [ref. 25191], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Sadovy & Cornish 2000:107 [ref. 25480], Randall & Earle 2000:13 [ref. 25806], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Kimura & Peristiwady in Matsuura & Peristiwady 2000:207 [ref. 27511], Sakai et al. 2001:97 [ref. 25693], Shimizu 2001:29 [ref. 25799], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Allen et al. 2002:349 [ref. 25930], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Choi et al. 2003:326, 603 [ref. 26218], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830], Manilo & Bogorodsky 2003:S107 [ref. 27377] as sexfasciatu, Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:77 [ref. 27510], Lobel & Lobel 2004:71 [ref. 27576] dated 1824, Randall et al. 2004:15 [ref. 27624], Mishra & Krishnan 2003:31 [ref. 27712], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:306 [ref. 28072], Larson & Pidgeon 2004:196 [ref. 28107], Love et al. 2005:116 [ref. 37547], Randall 2005:230 [ref. 28239], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Miller 2006:339 [ref. 28615], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Randall 2007:231 [ref. 30952], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Béarez & Séret 2009:148 [ref. 36646], Fricke et al. 2009:56 [ref. 30213], Kimura 2009:121 [ref. 30425], McCosker & Rosenblatt 2010:192 [ref. 30957], Motomura et al. 2010:115 [ref. 31256], Ho & Shao 2011: 45 [ref. 31432], Allen & Erdmann 2012:435 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Yoshida et al. 2013:119 [ref. 34464], Barriga Salazar 2014:118 [ref. 35745], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Delrieu-Trottin et al. 2015:6 [ref. 33988], Jiménez-Prado et al. 2015:396 [ref. 34894], Motomura et al. 2015:22 [ref. 34709], Psomadakis et al. 2015:222 [ref. 34104], Del Moral-Flores et al. 2016:609 [ref. 34923], Fourriére et al. 2016:445 [ref. 34668], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:234 [ref. 35888], Koeda et al. 2016:37 [ref. 35333], Miesen et al. 2016:89 [ref. 34492], Motomura et al. 2017:112 [ref. 35490], Ali et al. 2018:323 [ref. 36183], Fricke et al. 2018:183 [ref. 35805], Golani & Fricke 2018:84 [ref. 36273], Kimura in Kimura et al. 2018:132 [ref. 36460], Sánchez-Jiménez et al. 2018:7 [ref. 36248], Suresh et al. 2018:206 [ref. 36495], Carneiro et al. 2019:252 [ref. 37250], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Fricke et al. 2019:146 [ref. 36673], Zajonz et al. 2019:75 [ref. 36871], Angulo et al. 2020:268 [ref. 37979], Habib & Islam 2020:Supplementary table p. 16 [ref. 38321], Kim et al. 2020:125 [ref. 39118], Psomadakis et al. 2020:425 [ref. 37272], Sonoyama et al. 2020:62 [ref. 37637], Angulo 2021:7 [ref. 38913], Keith et al. 2021:40 [ref. 38257], Kim et al. 2021:140 [ref. 39117], Love et al. 2021:153 [ref. 39279], Smith-Vaniz 2022:48 [ref. 39876], Zajonz et al. 2022:116 [ref. 40522], Angulo et al. 2023:45 [ref. 40676], Jamandre 2023:162 [ref. 40455], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). Current status: Valid as Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Red Sea; Indo-Pacific: Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Socotra (Yemen), Persian Gulf, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and western Mascarenes (La Réunion, Mauritius) east to Hawaiian Islands (U.S.A.) and Marquesas Islands (French Polynesia), north to southern Sea of Japan (Korea, Japan), south to Western Australia, New South Wales (Australia), New Caledonia, Norfolk Island (Australia) and Austral Islands (French Polynesia); eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Ecuador, including southern Gulf of California (Mexico), Clipperton Island (France) and Galapagos Islands (Ecuador). Hybridizes with Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 (Angulo et al. 2020 [ref. 37979]). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

squamosus, Trachurus Gronow [L. T.] in Gray 1854:125 [Catalogue of fish collected and described by Laurence Theodore Gronow; ref. 1911] Carolina, U.S.A. Syntypes: BMNH 1853.11.12.94 [Gronovius coll.] (1, skin). Type catalog: Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434] but as holotype. •Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815) -- (Wheeler 1958:220 [ref. 13434], Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:732 [ref. 18644]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx crysos (Mitchill 1815). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

stellatus, Caranx Eydoux [J. F. T.] & Souleyet [F. A.] 1850:167, Pl. 3 (fig. 2) [Voyage autour du monde; ref. 4501] Hawaiian Islands. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-6068. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:19 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Dor 1984:127 [ref. 29757], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:956 [ref. 22829], Randall 1995:181 [ref. 22896], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2714 [ref. 24833], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989], Eagderi et al. 2019:49 [ref. 37020], Smith-Vaniz 2022:47 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

tapeinosoma, Caranx Bleeker [P.] 1856:44 [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 1; ref. 311] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Holotype (unique): RMNH 6080. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tenebrosus, Caranx Jordan [D. S.], Evermann [B. W.] & Wakiya [Y.] in Jordan, Evermann & Tanaka 1927:656 [Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences (Series 4) v. 16 (no. 20); ref. 2454] Sulphur Bay, Clarion Island, Revillagigedo Islands, off western Mexico. Holotype: USNM 28385. •Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860 -- (Smith-Vaniz et al. 1990:734 [ref. 18644], Mundy 2005:366 [ref. 28379]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx lugubris Poey 1860. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

thompsoni, Caranx Seale [A.] in Jordan & Evermann 1905:535 [Bulletin of the U. S. Fish Commission v. 23 (pt 1) (1903); ref. 2451] Hawaiian Islands [no specific locality]. Holotype (unique): BPBM 3358 (not found). •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:313 [ref. 6207], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:334[ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

tille, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:124 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Puducherry, India. Holotype (unique): MNHN A-5569 (dry). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:19 [ref. 12247]. •Valid as Caranx tille Cuvier 1833 -- (Kyushin et al. 1982:196 [ref. 19754], Gushiken in Masuda et al. 1984:155 [ref. 6441], Smith-Vaniz 1986:648 [ref. 5718], Allen & Swainston 1988:72 [ref. 25477], Paxton et al. 1989:579 [ref. 12442], Randall et al. 1990:162 [ref. 15987], Allen 1997:114 [ref. 23977], Randall et al. 1997:162 [ref. 25919], Lin & Shao 1999:56 [ref. 23921], Myers 1999:140 [ref. 23965], Smith-Vaniz 1999:2717 [ref. 24833], Allen 2000:88 [ref. 37268], Nakabo 2000:801 [ref. 25086], Smith-Vaniz in Randall & Lim 2000:616 [ref. 25122], Iwatsuki et al. 2000:99 [ref. 26368], Hutchins 2001:33 [ref. 25847], Nakabo 2002:801 [ref. 26001], Allen & Adrim 2003:38 [ref. 26830] as tile, Myers & Donaldson 2003:625 [ref. 27495], Kimura et al. in Kimura & Matsuura 2003:78 [ref. 27510], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:307 [ref. 28072], Randall 2005:231 [ref. 28239], Hoese & Gates 2006:1158 [ref. 28997], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:30 [ref. 31826], Allen & Erdmann 2012:435 [ref. 31980], Fricke et al. 2013:258 [ref. 32706], Larson et al. 2013:121 [ref. 32988], Fricke et al. 2014:82 [ref. 33932], Psomadakis et al. 2015:223 [ref. 34104], Motomura et al. 2017:113 [ref. 35490], Fricke et al. 2018:184 [ref. 35805], Fricke et al. 2019:147 [ref. 36673], Psomadakis et al. 2020:425 [ref. 37272], Smith-Vaniz 2022:49 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Valid as Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific: KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), East Africa, Mozambique Channel and Madagascar east to Mariana Islands and Fiji, north to Ryukyu Islands (Japan), south to northern Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat: marine.

tropicus, Caranx hippos Nichols [J. T.] 1920:45 [Copeia No. 83; ref. 21425] Para market, Brazil. Holotype: AMNH 3889. Paratypes: AMNH 58046 (1). •Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766) -- (Daget & Smith-Vaniz 1986:311 [ref. 6207], Smith-Vaniz & Carpenter 2007:208, 219 [ref. 29160]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx hippos (Linnaeus 1766). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

valenciennei, Caranx Castelnau [F. L.] 1873:102 [Proceedings of the Zoological and Acclimatisation Society of Victoria, Melbourne v. 2; ref. 758] Noble Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Syntypes: MNHN A-6434 (2). Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:19 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833 -- (Paxton et al. 1989:578 [ref. 12442], Hoese & Gates 2006:1157 [ref. 28997], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx melampygus Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

vinctus, Caranx Jordan [D. S.] & Gilbert [C. H.] 1882:349 [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 4 (no. 237); ref. 2470] Mazatlán, Sinaloa, western Mexico. Syntypes: USNM 28365 (1), 28366 (1, not found in 1980). Possible syntypes: BMNH 1895.5.27.110-111 (2); USNM 28343 (1), 29553 (1), 29597 (1), 29649 (1). Two USNM lots were given in the original description; other lots with correct locality are possible syntypes. •Valid as Carangoides vinctus (Jordan & Gilbert 1882) -- (Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:287 [ref. 24550], Angulo et al. 2013:999 [ref. 33194], Springer & Smith-Vaniz 2008:29 [ref. 31826], Galván-Villa et al. 2016:146 [ref. 34871], Kells et al. 2016:350 [ref. 35888], Love et al. 2021:152 [ref. 39279], Vela-Espinosa et al. 2023:7 [ref. 40981]). •Valid as Caranx vinctus Jordan & Gilbert 1882 -- (Allen & Robertson 1994:126 [ref. 22193], Bussing & López S. 1994:102 [ref. 23101], Smith-Vaniz in Fischer et al. 1995:961 [ref. 22829], De La Cruz Agüero et al. 1997:82 [ref. 24545], Chirichigno F. & Vélez D. 1998:279 [ref. 24555], Lea & Rosenblatt 2000:122 [ref. 25206], Nelson et al. 2004:140 [ref. 27807], Love et al. 2005:117 [ref. 37547], Page et al. 2013:144 [ref. 32708], Kimura et al. 2022:7 [ref. 38998]). Current status: Valid as Caranx vinctus Jordan & Gilbert 1882. Carangidae: Caranginae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: southern California (U.S.A.) south to Peru, including central and southern Gulf of California (Mexico). Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

virga, Citula Ogilby [J. D.] 1915:134 [Memoirs of the Queensland Museum v. 3; ref. 3294] Replacement name for Caranx auriga Seale 1910, preoccupied by Caranx auriga De Vis 1884. •Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Replacement Name. Current status: Synonym of Caranx tille Cuvier 1833. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: marine.

williamsi, Caranx Smith [J. L. B.] 1968:180, Pl. 38 [Occasional Papers of the Department of Ichthyology, Rhodes University No. 15; ref. 7919] Off Durban, KawaZulu-Natal, South Africa, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype: SAIAB [formerly RUSI] 8. Paratypes: (3) not researched. •Synonym of Caranx sem Cuvier 1833 -- (Smith-Vaniz 1986:648 [ref. 5718]). •Synonym of Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830) -- (Smith-Vaniz 1999:2711 [ref. 24833], Heemstra & Heemstra 2004:303 [ref. 28072], Motomura et al. 2007:224 [ref. 29492], Smith-Vaniz 2022:46 [ref. 39876]). Current status: Synonym of Caranx heberi (Bennett 1830). Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: brackish, marine.

xanthopygus, Caranx Cuvier [G.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1833:109 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 9; ref. 1002] Mauritius, Mascarenes, southwestern Indian Ocean. Holotype (unique): not found at MNHN. Type catalog: Smith-Vaniz et al. 1979:38 [ref. 12247]. •Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825 -- (Fricke 1999:249 [ref. 24106], Mundy 2005:367 [ref. 28379], Kottelat 2013:333 [ref. 32989] with question). Current status: Synonym of Caranx sexfasciatus Quoy & Gaimard 1825. Carangidae: Caranginae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.